Scrap metal grades decoding table. Types of scrap. Explosion safety requirements

Grade 5A scrap is represented by large and medium-sized pieces of ferrous metal. The main regulatory document for it is GOST 2787-75, which divides scrap into quality classes. Category 5A is an intermediate link between 3A and 12A.

Metallurgy often uses melted 5A scrap, but processing requires careful inspection of each part. Depending on the percentage of elements in the composition and condition of the starting raw materials, the quality of the final product is determined. When using a material with unsuitable parameters, the quality of the product decreases or defects result.

Types of ferrous metal scrap

In Russia, recycled metal has been processed for a long time. Chermet is divided into groups:

by amount of carbon - steel and cast iron;
by the presence of alloying additives - carbon, alloying.

The type of scrap 5A is also determined based on its quality (28 categories) and the content of alloying components (67 groups).

Main characteristics

The dimensions of scrap 5A must be greater than 1.5 m x 0.5 m x 0.5 m, and the thickness must be 6 mm. The mass of the element in this case will be in the range of 1-5000 kg. This class includes pipes with a diameter of more than 200 mm and a length of up to 1.5 m. Other elements of this group are large-sized scrap of ferrous and non-ferrous metal. The advantages include the possibility of acceptance in a standard form, without flattening or other deformation of parts, including pipes.

The main requirements for scrap 5A include its cleanliness. Garbage and impurities in it should not be more than 3% by weight; in some metal collection points this parameter increases to 5%. Garbage includes all non-metals in the composition - dirt, dust, sand, etc. In some cases, alloying components are also classified as blockages. When accepting scrap metal 5A, it will not be possible to completely eliminate clogging, even if the material is perfectly clean. In this case, the percentage of blockage will correspond to the amount of material lost during cleaning and preparation for processing. This is a condition of metallurgical enterprises.

Scrap metal must be free of layers of corrosion that separate under dynamic influence. A small amount of plaque is acceptable for 5A scrap. Experts pay attention to traces of exposure to acids, which indicates a change in the properties of the metal. As a result of further processing of the material, unacceptable properties may appear or strength and other mechanical characteristics may change. Most small metal collection points do not pay attention to this factor, and the metallurgical enterprise will reject scrap metal 5A with traces of acid attack.

Where is it found?

Large sized recycled items are most often a product of the construction industry. These are frames, load-bearing structures, secondary beams, etc. The second source is industrial enterprises. In this case, scrap is obtained as a result of re-equipment, replacement of machine parts, etc.

Category 5A scrap includes parts of machinery and equipment, industrial installations and other components of workshops. Most often in industry, steel elements are used, which include angles, channels and other rolled products.

Sources of ferrous metal scrap of category 5A are:

military industry;
public utilities (communications, units);
transport (machines and mechanisms, structures);
energy (power lines, equipment, transmission devices);
industry (engineering networks, machines and mechanisms);
construction (load-bearing, self-supporting, non-load-bearing elements, embedded parts, components of structures, equipment).

Scrap ferrous metal 5A includes supports and spans of bridges, dimensional elements of machine tools, railway cars, equipment, tanks, etc.

The difference between category 3A is the acceptance of smaller materials. To do this, grade 5A scrap metal is cut into pieces that fit in size. The advantage of this solution is an increase in category, which entails an increase in the cost of scrap metal. When processing metal before delivery, it is worth considering the costs of using cutting tools and transportation. In some cases, when cutting and transportation are taken into account, the price of 5A scrap will be more attractive than 3A.

Who should I give it to?

This category is very popular, so it is quite easy to find a collection point in any city. This is due to its use as a secondary raw material in the manufacture of metallurgical products, large dimensions and weight of products. In most cases, collection points offer the service of a team and equipment visiting to pick up 5A scrap metal from the seller.

The most common solution is to call a team to cut and dismantle the structure, machine or other equipment. The same organization is engaged in self-pickup of scrap metal.

Consumers and the recycling process

Consumers of raw materials are metallurgical enterprises (plants, mills, etc.). The price for scrap metal 5A is average, which allows you to profitably sell metal and purchase raw materials for secondary processing. Automation of processing reduces costs, so the consumer receives a quality product without significant capital investment. Compliance with the rules of material processing and checking the quality of raw materials guarantees the high quality of the finished product.

Traders of 5A steel scrap process the material to the required dimensions for immersion in the melting furnace. The primary task of the plant is to sort raw materials, during which they are divided into several groups. Selection factors are:

quality;
chemical composition;
processing method.

Rejected elements containing layers of corrosion, traces of acid exposure, radioactive inclusions and substances that can detonate when heated are stored separately. If there are impurities of non-ferrous metal, it is folded separately.

The next stage is mechanical and chemical processing of scrap ferrous metals 5A. What does it mean? Machining involves cutting into individual small pieces that will fit into the oven. After this, the surface is degreased if there is a large amount of debris on it. Compaction is necessary when using long products of small thickness as scrap.

Chemical processing involves purifying metal from non-metallic impurities and other undesirable components. After such processing, re-sorting can be carried out, which allows individual parts to move from one quality category to another. Based on this, the price of the product may vary. When using ferrous metal 5A, the method of surface treatment (mechanical and chemical) is not taken into account, so this factor does not affect the cost of the product.

When dividing scrap metal into groups in production, the following are taken into account:

sizes, group and type of product;
mechanical processing method;
purpose;
the difficulty of immersion in the melting furnace.

After sorting, individual lots are sold at a higher price, due to the homogeneity of scrap metal of category 5A. At the plant, the use of homogeneous raw materials leads to simplified processing and melting, and the quality of the final product becomes higher.

The raw materials are collected in a certain way, giving it the shape of a briquette or bag with similar dimensions and almost the same weight.

Ferrous metal scrap GOST 2787 is recycled metal waste intended for further use in the production of metal products. Experts identify different types of material that must be distinguished for proper further use. Due to the fact that the prices of scrap ferrous metals are low, it is possible to select profitable secondary raw materials, from which high-quality products are subsequently created. Let's try to understand this concept and answer all related questions.

Classification, types

Ferrous metal scrap according to GOST 2787 is divided into two types, which is important when organizing secondary production and metal processing. The first option is steel components and parts, the second is cast iron, both indicators are directly related to the percentage level of carbon in the chemical composition.

Two more groups are distinguished depending on the content of alloying elements. In this regard, they mean a carbon group and an alloyed one.

According to the state standard, there are 28 quality classes of secondary raw materials, which are grouped into 67 groups. We are talking about the following options:

group 1A, which includes lump metal waste. Scrap metal, with the exception of steel wire, is processed using special melting furnaces. Depending on the design features of the equipment, the permissible dimensions of secondary raw materials change;
2A and B, which are represented by lump components subject to processing. In this case, we are talking about parts with dimensions within the range of 600x350x250 mm, but in a number of situations, ferrous metal scrap traders sell larger dimensions, subject to the required level of processing of the steel part.
Scrap 3A consists of lump components, the dimensions of which fit within the limits of 0.8x0.5x0.5 meters. The weight of the product to be recycled should not be less than a kilogram and more than 600 kg. A special case of such products are steel pipes with a diameter of 150 mm or more with a wall thickness of more than 4 mm. Profiles of this type must be sawed longitudinally and flattened;
Next comes an analogue of the previous group 3AB, which is distinguished by maintaining the specified dimensions. In this case, we are talking about pipes within the category, the wall thickness of which exceeds 8 mm. Exceptions include device components such as truck axles and machine/engine components;
The next option in the group is 3AP, represented by recycled rail raw materials. Ferrous scrap of this type can be purchased in the form of sections of rail profiles up to one and a half meters long, axles corresponding to the dimensions indicated above. Fasteners such as crutches or bolts also correspond to this group;
If there is a need to buy scrap ferrous metals in the form of pipes with a wall thickness of at least 20 mm, while maintaining all the above dimensions and weights, then they must be pre-processed. We are talking about cutting along and flattening mechanically. Group 3ABT;
the next group is represented by 4A and B, that is, small scrap metal of industrial origin. This type includes hardware, worn out, damaged, simply dismantled and other similar sized components that are suitable for remelting in special installations;
Next comes scrap 5A and B, which include oversized pieces of waste, for example, scrap of various alloys and steel grades. The pipe wall thickness exceeds 6 mm, component sizes start from 1.5x0.5x0.5 mm;
Group 6A and B includes chips number 1, which are pressed into briquettes. GOST 2787 ferrous metal scrap traders do not impose restrictions on block sizes, however, the density of prepared recyclables is taken into account;
7A and B are an analogue of the previous version of secondary raw materials, only briquettes are formed from shavings No. 2. There is also no framework for dimensions, but the density is taken into account by experts before purchasing scrap ferrous metals;
Group 8A and B are clean waste collected in lightweight bags. Restrictions are introduced on the dimensions of the packaging form; if it is necessary to buy scrap ferrous metals GOST 2787 of a certain configuration, the permissible dimensions can be reduced by agreement with the production plant;
continuation of the previous class - 9A and B. They differ only in product labeling, in the early group they use packages with font No. 1, and the ones under consideration - 2;
group 10A already represents packages with font 3. In this case, restrictions on the minimum weight are imposed on the products, it is 40 kilograms;
packaged scrap ferrous metals GOST 2787 from high quality recycled materials, such as rolled pipes, profiles of various sections and sizes - these are groups 11A and B;
12A scrap is also supplied in packages, which is represented by materials of household and industrial origin, rolled products and others. Oversized scrap, wall thickness does not exceed 5 mm;
13A and B are ropes and wire products made of steel. It is required to comply with a certain threshold in terms of dimensions, so the diameter of the coiled products should not exceed a meter, and the weight should not exceed 20 kilograms;
chips without the presence of lump metal are groups 14A and B. We are talking about chips No. 1;
chips number 2, provided there are no long twisted sections - these are 15A and B;
If you buy scrap ferrous metals of groups 16A and B, the products are intended for processing in special furnaces. This is the vine-like shavings left over from the previous group, which are not subject to restrictions on overall dimensions;
if secondary raw materials came in the form of waste from iron production in the form of dimensional components weighing within 20 kg, but not less than 0.5 g, then this is scrap 17A and B;
the previous class includes materials numbered 1, 18A and B include waste from the production of cast iron products numbered 2;
19A consists of oversized cast iron waste in the range of 1.5x0.5x0.5, but they differ from analogues in the increased percentage of phosphorus in the composition;
Levels 20A and B include oversized waste from industrial equipment made of cast iron intended for remelting, the weight of each component should not exceed 5 tons;
if you need to buy scrap ferrous metals, in particular category 2 cast iron and oversized components in the form of pallets, then you should pay attention to group 21A;
oversized scrap of cast iron plumbing materials is included in group 22A;
if ferrous metal scrap traders offer briquetted shavings weighing up to 20 kg, then we are talking about group 23A;
cast iron shavings that undergo a cleaning stage upon release are group 24A. It is necessary to achieve a level of quality at which there will be no large pieces of metal in the composition;
if the delivery includes galvanized or enameled products, then this is group 25A and B;
group 26A and B – dimensionless additive;
scale without components of metal profiles and parts, as well as segments - this is 27A;
slag from furnaces without strict requirements for the dimensions of parts to be processed constitute group 28A;
the last group is secondary raw materials from manganese steels intended for remelting - this is 5B22. It is worth noting that this option has increased prices for scrap ferrous metals due to the complex composition with the addition of a large percentage of expensive metal;
Scrap mix includes both steel and cast iron, unclassified mixed scrap, but excluding the presence of steel wire, ropes and zinc-coated scrap, that is, galvanized scrap.

It is worth emphasizing that the state does not show much interest in companies involved in the processing of secondary raw materials. In this regard, the sector primarily involves private companies, which set, among other things, the prices of scrap ferrous metals.

Features of working with recycled materials

First of all, consumers of recyclable materials are metallurgists. Ferrous metal scrap prices are reasonable, which makes the material interesting for recycling. Due to minimal purchasing costs and an optimized processing process, mills receive finished steel at an affordable price. This raw material is then used to create various types of metallurgical products. At the same time, certain parameters must be observed so that the steel does not ultimately lose quality.

Ferrous scrap traders process incoming recyclables to make them suitable for the smelting furnaces. First, the cargo arriving at the plant is sorted. Products are divided into several groups. Initially, products are distinguished according to quality parameters, the presence of certain elements in the composition, as well as the specifics of further processing. Potentially hazardous parts and components that may carry flammable substances and may detonate during processing are separated from all cargo. Select non-metallic inclusions and non-ferrous metal elements.

Then comes the turn of mechanical and chemical processing of the product. Large parts are cut into suitable dimensions, if necessary in accordance with the classification. The material is crushed, degreased in case of serious foci of contamination, compacted if the composition contains many extended components of small thickness, and is finally melted. It is noted that any production participant or company can process a recyclable structure; the prices of scrap ferrous metals do not depend on this.

During the sorting process, impurities are removed from the entire composition, especially radioactive inclusions. The volume also needs to be cleared of components of chemical origin. Sorted types of materials undergo in-depth processing, which allows them to move from one quality group to another. Depending on this parameter, the prices of scrap ferrous metals also change. Basically, experts with this type of processing pay attention to dimensions, group and type. To use products in processing processes, several main indicators are taken into account:

degree of ease of loading secondary steel into the melting furnace;
the possibility of using the material in a particular production process;
mechanical processing options for each type of raw material.

Based on the results of the work done, documentation is generated that contains justification for the group and quality. In parallel with the demarcation, the formation of batches and cargo units is underway. In addition to achieving the specified parameters, sorting increases the price of ferrous metal scrap, this is due to the fact that the uniformity of the generated supply improves. The more homogeneous the raw material, the better it will behave during the smelting process and the result will be of higher quality.

The collected raw materials are packaged in a certain way, that is, the components are given shape. In this case, there are two options: briquettes and bags. Such forms are more convenient due to the approximate uniformity of delivery in terms of dimensions and weight, which makes it possible to simplify metal smelting.

Before the customer can purchase ferrous scrap formed into a bag, the lightweight product is processed in a baling press. The equipment is similar to the systems used for waste paper, but the installation develops much higher pressure. Cuttings of rolled pipes, steel sheets, profiled products, rods and cuttings of various standard sizes are processed in this way. Deformation occurs with flat working parts in three directions, creating a parallelepiped within which the components naturally interlock with each other.

Metal shavings are processed in a similar way, but using a briquetting press. Ready scrap ferrous metals GOST 2787 also has a standardized shape/size, which makes it convenient for further processing.

Both processing methods are convenient because they can seriously save space during transportation and storage. Dense blocks are compactly folded in a warehouse or for road transportation by trucks.

Acceptance of scrap ferrous metals GOST 2787

Acceptance is an important stage during which the customer tries to optimize the costs of unloading, checking, storing and accounting. After weighing the received goods, the degree of contamination and the depth of the ongoing corrosion processes are assessed. From the obtained figures, a standardized parameter is subtracted - the percentage of litter. The product characteristics specified in the accompanying documentation are assessed, such as composition, purity, weight and dimensions, crumbling and the maximum permissible content of modernizing components. For evaluation, small samples are taken from the batch, and the result is distributed to the entire supply as a whole.

The simplest control method used for scrap ferrous metals according to GOST 2787 is visual inspection. In this case, it is possible to identify clogging and the mass fraction of foreign inclusions, the mass and dimensions are estimated using the appropriate tool, and the density is estimated using simple formulas. Shattering is detected when a bag/briquette is dropped three times without force onto a concrete or metal base from a height of one and a half meters. A chemical study is also carried out in the laboratory, which allows one to estimate the percentage level of alloying components.

Products are unloaded before quality assessment begins at special sites, which are recommended to be equipped with settling tanks for oil and fuels and lubricants. In this regard, special bunkers are often used, which may or may not be equipped with drains for lubricants.

Ferrous metal scrap GOST 2787 is an essential component of the processing industry; through its use, it is possible to reduce the impact on the environment and reuse high-quality alloys. On the “Price Monitoring” portal you can compare the prices of scrap ferrous metals from various suppliers and order high-quality certified products from one of the proven and proven manufacturers on the market.

Scrap metals are divided into scrap ferrous metals, scrap non-ferrous metals, incl. and scrap of rare metals and scrap of precious metals requiring special handling. Non-ferrous metal scrap can be divided by type of metal or by characteristics, for example, aluminum scrap, copper scrap, titanium scrap, lead scrap, magnesium scrap, or by category semiconductor scrap, copper alloy scrap, rare metal scrap. It can also be divided into groups - copper scrap group, lead scrap group and aluminum scrap group. Below we present this data in the form of a diagram.

Classification of non-ferrous metal scrap

Name of non-ferrous metal scrap group	Categories of non-ferrous metal scrap	Characteristics of non-ferrous metal scrap	Clogging percentage, base percentage
COPPER GROUP SCRAP	Mix copper	Copper mix is a type of non-ferrous metal scrap, which consists primarily of copper, of any size, shape, in any condition, traces of corrosion and oxide are allowed, admixtures of brass products are allowed - no more than half a percent of the total weight, paint, varnishes. For example, all household copper products, lamps, heating elements, tubes, wires, appliance parts, copper batteries, old copper geysers and tinned copper.	Minimal or basic blockage - this percentage can be changed depending on the quality of the material - for scrap copper radiators the blockage is set at 25%, for gas water heaters 1%, tinned copper 6%
	Piece of Copper	Lump copper is a variety of copper scrap whose thickness is over 2 mm, and the size is at least 5x5 cm; in this category, paint and varnish residues, terminals, tips, traces of soldering and insulation are not allowed. Changed film color and traces of heat treatment are allowed.	Basic blockage is not installed
	Shine Copper	Already from the name the requirements for this type of copper scrap are clear - there are no traces of corrosion, darkening, no traces of dirt, varnish, paint, heat treatment, oil and paper. There should also be no remnants of tips, terminals, various soldering, reflowing - in general, this is a copper cable of a bright, shiny color with cores from 1.5 to 5 mm.
	Copper Subtle Shine	Thin sheen is a type of copper scrap made from conductors 0.5-1.5 mm thick and 30 cm long, which are laid in a bundle; the requirements are the same as for Glitter copper.	Minimum blockage is not installed
	Mechanical Copper	A subtype of copper scrap group, which includes cores from 0.5 mm, transformer busbars of any thickness and conductors laid in bundles from 30 cm long, all of them must be cleaned mechanically, without blockages in the form of terminals, varnishes, paints, without traces of corrosion, without melted ends, without any remaining insulation. Darkening of the surface film is allowed.	Minimum blockage is not installed
	Copper Oil	This is a mechanically cleaned copper cable with a thickness of each core over 2mm. The requirements for cleanliness of scrap are the same as above - without oxides, traces of paint, varnish, half-stain, paper, ash, dirt, without terminals and melted ends, without traces of insulation, in oil.	The minimum blockage is from 2%, can be increased to 10% based on the result of assessing the cleanliness and appearance of the scrap.
	Copper Annealed	This is scrap copper conductors that have undergone heat treatment, each core is from 1 mm, residues of oil, tips, insulation, and half are not allowed. Discoloration due to corrosion is not permitted.	The basic blockage for annealed copper is set at 0.5%
	Bronze mix	Bronze mix is scrap containing over 70% copper. As a rule, acceptance is carried out in two stages, first they submit it for chemical analysis according to the storage certificate, and then, after the results of the examination, the acceptance itself takes place	Basic blockage on painted bronze scrap 1%
	Brass mix	This type of copper-containing scrap consists of any bronze and brass alloys, products and parts with acceptable traces of heat treatment; traces of paint, varnish, and semi-finish are allowed. As a rule, these are various brass plumbing products and their scrap, various brass tubes.	The basic blockage for brass mix is from 1% and can be increased based on the result of assessing the cleanliness and appearance of the scrap.
	Brass radiators	In short, these are heating batteries with copper plates that have brass tubes in their design. Traces of soldering are allowed. Traces of ferrous metals are not allowed.	The minimum blockage for brass radiators is set at 1%, and can be increased to 4% based on the result of assessing the cleanliness and appearance of the scrap.
Aluminum group, non-ferrous metal scrap containing aluminum	Mix	This is scrap non-ferrous metal containing aluminum. This includes any products excluding zinc-containing products. Residues of plastic, fasteners, and iron are allowed, the main thing is that their weight should not exceed 5% of the total weight of the aluminum scrap being handed over	The basic blockage for aluminum mix is from 2% and can be increased based on the result of assessing the cleanliness and appearance of the scrap.
	Profile	Already from the name it is clear that this includes aluminum products made from AD grade alloys. The requirements are much higher than in the previous category of aluminum scrap, for example traces of paint are allowed, but any components are prohibited, i.e. no wooden or plastic handle fasteners	The minimum blockage is set at 2%, regardless of quality and appearance. However, plastic thermal inserts show at least 17% blockage.
	Silumin	Category Aluminum silumin - characterized primarily by the manufacturing method, this is casting. This includes all frames, products, structures made by this method. Residues of plastic, fasteners, and iron are allowed, the main thing is that their weight should not exceed 5% of the total weight of the aluminum scrap being handed over	The basic blockage for aluminum scrap of the silumin category is 2-5% based on the result of assessing the cleanliness and appearance of the scrap.
	Electrotechnical	Often also called the Electrical Tech category, these are cables and wires made of aluminum; they must be mechanically separated from the braid, terminals, lugs, and cleaned of traces of paint and other inclusions. Traces of oil and darkening are allowed. scrap of aluminum conductor from a mechanically cut cable. The presence of terminals (tips), insulation residues, paint, and non-metallic inclusions is not allowed.	There is no minimum blockage for electrical aluminum scrap. 2 - 5% depending on purity and appearance.
	Food	Sometimes you can find the name of this category as household aluminum scrap, as a rule, these are various dishes, dryers, spoons, plates, household and interior items, the main requirement is that they must be made by pressing and bending, but not casting as in the silumin category, i.e. . the same home cauldrons do not apply here. Food-grade aluminum scrap should not contain iron, wood, paper, or Teflon coating; fasteners and plastic must also be removed.	The blockage level is 2% and does not depend on cleanliness and appearance.
	Tire	Scrap aluminum busbars are conductors used for cable installation. It must be mechanically cleaned of braid, iron and aluminum alloys, and all terminals must be removed. Darkening, oil traces, paint residues are allowed.	Blockage up to 2%, basic is not set
Zinc	Zinc alloys, TsAM	It can be categorized as aluminum scrap, but in general, it is better to characterize it separately. This includes zinc-containing alloys and products made from them, such as faucet parts, handles from old refrigerators, and carburetors. There are no strict requirements for the acceptance of zinc scrap; traces of plastic and other integral parts of the structure are allowed, the main thing is that their weight does not exceed 5% of the total weight of zinc scrap.	Clogging 2 - 5% depending on cleanliness and appearance. Minimum 2%.
Lead group	Rechargeable batteries (AB)	The lead group of scrap includes classic batteries and batteries with leaked electrolyte or without it are allowed. Alkaline batteries are accepted individually.	Minimum blockage is not installed
	Braid	Many cables have a lead braid, which can also be scrapped. This lead braid must be cut mechanically, but the requirements are not strict; there may be blockages in the form of paper, bitumen, and oil.	There is no minimal blockage, as a rule there is no blockage on a clean braid, if there are traces of oil then the blockage is 3%, resin 5%, resin + paper or cardboard 8%. Depending on the degree of contamination, the blockage can increase up to 15%
	Remelting	Zinc-containing scrap in the remelting category is approximately the same as a mix, there are no requirements for the quality and purity of the scrap, it can be with plastic, wood, or inclusions of other metals.	There is no minimum blockage for Remelting; it all depends on the cleanliness and quality of the scrap being delivered.

Currently, two main standards are used to classify scrap metal: GOST 2787-75 and GOST 1639-2009. The first standard classifies waste from ferrous metals, the second - waste from non-ferrous metals.

All collected scrap metal is divided into three main groups:

1. Black scrap.

2. Colored scrap.

This group includes scrap made of copper, copper alloys, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, lead, complex alloys, and semiconductor scrap.

3. Precious scrap.

These groups have their own classification. It, as well as the markings used within it, are determined by GOST standards.

Classification of ferrous metal scrap

Waste from ferrous metals is classified:

depending on carbon content (2 classes - steel and cast iron secondary metals);
depending on the content of alloying elements (2 classes - carbon (A), alloyed (B), as well as 67 groups);
by quality indicators (28 categories).

The main classification according to GOST 2787-75 assigns general designations for each of the 28 types of ferrous metal scrap. The designation is formed from a letter designation (A or B for carbon or alloy metals) and a digital designation of the scrap metal category by quality.

The main, most common categories of ferrous metal waste include:

3A, 5A, 12A - steel waste. 3A - lumpy, more than 6 mm thick, 5A - oversized, more than 4 mm thick, 12A - industrial, high-quality, household waste, lightweight structures, less than 4 mm thick;
17A, 19A, 20A, 22A - cast iron scrap, industrial waste, plumbing products.

Classification of non-ferrous metal scrap

Waste from non-ferrous metals and alloys is classified according to GOST 1639-2009. This standard determines whether scrap belongs to a particular group in accordance with which metal predominates in its composition. The following categories are highlighted.

, 32 species.
, 17 species.
Cadmium, 2 types.
Cobalt, 3 types.
Magnesium, 8 types.
, 13 types.
Bronze, 15 types.
, 23 species.
, 9 types.
, 26 species.
Tin, 10 types.
Mercury, 6 types.
Lead, 13 types.
, 7 types.
, 13 types.

There are 6 types of bimetal waste and 8 types of complex scrap.

If the scrap metal has a heterogeneous composition, its type is determined by Vinmet employees based on the predominant metal in the chemical composition.

The division of waste into types in each of the listed categories is carried out according to a set of characteristics and parameters. The main ones among them are the following:

origin (industrial waste, broken products, etc.);
physical condition of scrap metal (shavings, paste, pieces or sheets);
dimensions of individual pieces, fragments, structures, their weight, delivery method (stacks, bags, other types of packaging);
the exact chemical composition of metal scrap (determined in laboratory conditions, for each type standards are established for the content of certain impurities);
degree of metal contamination (presence of foreign impurities from metallic and non-metallic materials;
minimum or maximum thickness (set for sheets, pipes, etc.).

The highest quality for each category is the 1st type. As a rule, it is clean metal without foreign inclusions, with minimal contamination. Further, the quality level decreases in order of increasing numerical type designation. For all types of non-ferrous metal waste, GOST establishes standards for acceptance, evaluation, processing and disposal.