Water-based varnishes on wood. Varnish for wood - selection of the best solutions for interior and exterior work (95 photos) Colored, highly durable varnishes for wood

To ensure the protection of wooden products, a variety of means are used: impregnations, varnishes, paints. In order not to get confused in choosing this or that product, the buyer should know some of the subtleties of choosing such a composition.

This article will discuss the nuances of choosing a varnish for a wooden surface.

Peculiarities

Varnish is a viscous composition obtained from dissolved resin substances and polymers. When applied to a surface, such a substance forms a shiny film. This coating is used to protect the outer layers of wood, since they are highly vulnerable to various influences.

Thus, the life cycle of a wooden product with the help of the applied substance will be extended.

The properties of each varnish composition completely depend on its components. For example, using alkyd substances, you can protect a wooden coating from moisture, and with the help of alkyd-urea compounds, the coating acquires additional strength.

Kinds

The most important criterion for any varnish composition is its gloss.

Therefore, the parameters of protective substances for tree species are divided as follows:

• High gloss varnish. The brightness of the reflective light from the surface of the wood for this composition reaches 90%. This finishing material is the best in terms of gloss quality.
• Glossy composition. The described parameter varies between 80-90%.
• Semi-gloss varnish. When using this composition, the gloss parameter takes values ​​from 40 to 50%.

• Semi-matte material. Gloss has parameters of 10-15%.
• Matt lacquer. The brightness of the reflective light from the surface is less than 10%.

Varnish coatings are also divided by area of ​​application - they are for both outdoor and indoor use.

Varnishes for interior work. Such compositions are especially popular, because they not only protect surfaces from various types of influences, but also decorate them, making any wooden product beautiful and pleasing to the eye.

Experts divide such varnishing compositions into several types:

• parquet;
• furniture;
• universal.

Parquet

Designed for parquet covering. This board needs a high-quality protective coating, so manufacturers recommend using this particular category of paintwork materials for this. In addition, the coating of the lamellas after applying this composition acquires a rich and sophisticated appearance.

Parquet paints and varnishes have a wide range: in stores you can find both matte and glossy varieties.

When choosing this composition, you should focus on several criteria:

• A room where additional protection is required. For example, if a homeowner wants to varnish the floor of a bedroom, then there is no need to use expensive varnish, because in this room there is no special impact on the floor, which cannot be said about the corridor or kitchen.
• Technological features of the composition. An important factor here is the consistency of the substance and the method of its application.
• Product type. It is presented in the form of a transparent substance or has a certain tint.
• Gloss level. Here we mean matte or glossy.

As mentioned above, it is measured as a percentage.

• Resistance of the composition to various external influences: ultraviolet radiation, loads and other equally important criteria.
• Coating service life.

Parquet varnish can be divided into several varieties, R they will be discussed below:

Primer composition

Used to enhance adhesion to wood during the initial stage of processing. It is necessary if you want to obtain an even color scheme of the product, as well as to isolate the wood from moisture influences.

Using this composition, you can save a lot of money, because very little finishing coating is required. When choosing it, you should be especially careful - the substance must be suitable for the finishing component of the finish.

Water soluble composition

Consumers choose this particular composition most often, since the price-quality ratio is optimal. This substance contains not only water, but also various solvents and emulsifiers. Thanks to this, this product dries a little longer than its analogues.

These compositions have several varieties, differing from each other in the absence or presence of a percentage of solvents, which can be either 5% or 15%. Among the positive aspects of using this composition, it is worth noting the absence of any odor, as well as its non-flammability.

There are many more negative sides, but this fact has virtually no effect on the popularity of this product among consumers.

The disadvantages of using this composition include the following:

1. At the time of application, such a solution is able to penetrate into all the cracks, which creates some inconvenience - a creaking sound appears in the floor. This nuance can be corrected by using a primer at the initial stage, which must contain water.
2. Another disadvantage of using such a composition is poor wear resistance. It is possible to improve this characteristic at the production stage: manufacturers use special substances - additives - as additives to the composition. However, this water-soluble varnish can only be used if there is no high humidity in the room: manufacturers advise using this paintwork material when the level is less than 50%.
3. When applying a water-soluble composition, rollers should be used: brushes and sponges are not advisable for this process.

Polyurethane

The main purpose of such a product is additional protection of the coating from external loads. The composition has high adhesion and dries quickly.

Additionally, it is worth noting other distinctive features of this material:

• Polyurethane compounds consist of either one component or two. Therefore, it is recommended to mix them thoroughly before application.
• In the production of such a substance, a solvent is used, as well as urethane or acrylic.
• When applying and drying the composition, it is necessary to ensure its protection - do not allow water or moisture to come into contact with the substance.
• The use of this product allows for the absence of an additional layer of primer.
• The composition is highly elastic.
• The composition can be used without special requirements for the temperature conditions of the room.
• During operation, the surface where the polyurethane varnish was applied will not be afraid of water.

Alkyd

In the production of this substance, manufacturers use natural ingredients - oil resins. They are wood components or flax substances. These components penetrate well into the structure of the wooden coating and reliably protect it throughout its entire service life.

Alkyd substances are quite toxic components; in their composition you can often see an ingredient such as white spirit.

It is worth noting several more distinctive qualities of this composition:

• When alkyd components are applied to wood, its texture becomes brighter, which enhances the natural beauty of the species.
• Using this varnish, the consumer will forget about the negative effects of moisture and mechanical stress.
• Alkyd coating differs from its analogues in that the solution is not fluid, so when applied, the varnish will not spread and get into all sorts of crevices. This means that there will be no problems with gluing wood to other materials.
• The moment of drying of such a composition should be accompanied by low temperature values, since the varnish is quite sensitive to elevated temperatures.
• Alkyd substances have a low level of wear resistance.
• This paintwork material should be applied to the wood structure in a thin layer, this must be carefully monitored.

Formaldehyde

The basis for such a substance is formaldehyde resins.

They are very harmful to the health of others, so during the application process it is necessary to use protective equipment - respirators.

The main characteristic features of the use of this composition are the following positions:

• such paintwork materials are the most wear-resistant;
• usually this composition is applied as a final coat to a wooden surface without the use of a primer;
• the substance adheres well to wooden surfaces;
• this composition is not afraid of temperature fluctuations and moisture;
• when applying this substance, you can use almost any tool: roller, brush and other objects;
• such compositions have an unpleasant, pungent odor;
• The composition of the varnish is thick, this must be taken into account, since there is a possibility of gluing the boards together.

1. A water-soluble composition is perfect for bedrooms;
2. the alkyd composition of the substance can be used for a living room, loggia or office;
3. Formaldehyde substances are usually used in the corridor, hallway and kitchen.

Furniture

By using paints and varnishes for furniture, the home owner will not only receive an excellent option for protection from external factors, but will also thereby emphasize the natural texture of the wooden product.

This composition for wooden furniture can be divided into the following types:

• oil;
• alcoholic;
• alkyd;
• acrylic;
• nitrocellulose;
• epoxy;
• polyurethane.

Oil

This paintwork material can easily thicken during storage. Turpentine is usually used to dilute it. The application of such a composition should be carried out using a high-hardness brush; you can also use a sprayer.

After application, the wood coating will take quite a long time to dry, since the oil composition does not contain volatile solvents. To apply the second layer to the surface of the wood, you must wait until the first one has dried, after which it is recommended to clean the surface from dust and sand it. The process must be repeated before applying the third layer. The result should be a shiny, glossy surface.

The surface treated with this composition is not afraid of moisture, ultraviolet rays and elevated temperatures. To speed up the drying process of the composition, the treated product must be placed in a bright, ventilated room with a low level of humidity.

After drying, you need to ventilate the room until the unpleasant odor disappears. Experts advise polishing the surface to achieve maximum gloss levels.

To do this, use a swab soaked in alcohol. It can be made from a piece of cotton wool or wool the size of a chicken egg. Additionally, this material is wrapped in soft linen cloth. The lower part of the tampon is covered with a small amount of Vaseline or sunflower oil. Then perform circular movements on the surface until there are no dry spots left.

Alcoholic

This type of coating is produced using alcohol and natural resin ingredients.

The composition has the following distinctive characteristics:

1. good adhesion;
2. high strength to mechanical stress;
3. excellent shine;
4. the composition is not moisture resistant.

Typically, this composition is used for coating wooden surfaces that require polishing.

Alkyd

The basis for the production of this type of wood varnish is a solution of synthetic resins and solvent. The film formed after drying is transparent and hard. During the surface coating process, the color scheme does not change. This paintwork material is resistant to moisture and has excellent adhesive properties.

Acrylic

This composition is based on water and has good strength. Wood coated with such a coating does not change its color, and the texture of the wood species is completely preserved. However, it is worth considering the point that the composition is not moisture resistant, so the use of this finishing material in wet rooms is not recommended.

Polyurethane (polyester)

This substance is distinguished by the presence of polyesters and diisocyanates in its composition. It can be either one-component or two-component. Before application, the isocyanate and solution are mixed to obtain the required consistency for use.

These compounds are elastic and form a durable film. Additionally, it is worth noting that the coating is resistant to abrasion and mechanical stress. Furniture coated with this varnish will last for many years.

Nitrocellulose

The basis of this coating is resin with the addition of colloxylin and organic mixtures. Suitable for application to any wooden surface. The varnish is characterized by high strength, smooth surface and excellent decorative properties.

The optimal temperature at which the varnish will dry in about an hour is 20°C.

Once the composition is completely dry, it will become completely safe for human health.

Epoxy

This substance contains a solution of epoxy resin and organic solvents.

The advantages of this type of paintwork:

1. resistance to moisture;
2. mechanical strength of the material;
3. high gloss parameters;
4. harmlessness.

Among the disadvantages, it is worth highlighting the exact adherence to the preparation technology, since the composition is two-component and poor elasticity. The composition is used to cover parquet, doors, furniture, windows and floors.

Universal

There are many options for universal formulations. Below is an example of one of these varnishes.

Acrylic universal glossy varnish Kudo. This composition is necessary to give surfaces a decorative shine. Such surfaces include wooden, metal or plastic products. The composition is easy to apply even to the surface where there is a layer of paint. It is worth noting that the varnish is universal not only due to its ability to be applied to a wide variety of surfaces, but also because it can be used for both interior and exterior work.

The composition features the following characteristics:

• varnish can hide coating defects;
• provides reliable protection against abrasion;
• protects the product from mechanical influences;
• without a specific odor;
• the varnish is completely transparent;
• not afraid of moisture.

Varnish for outdoor use. This composition is distinguished by reliable protection of the surface from environmental factors; all the individual characteristics of each wooden covering are taken into account.

It is worth noting that such varnish is quite expensive, however, due to the fact that the wooden surface will be under reliable protection, this fact can be ignored: over time, the cost of the finishing material will pay off.

Color spectrum

The main task of a paint coating is to create a durable coating and give it a color effect.

Using colored varnish has several advantages:

• protection from external factors;
• decorative function;
• the service life of the material increases.

Homeowners often purchase glossy varnish for their interiors - this applies to rooms that are quite dark. The clear look is one of the few examples where the natural structure of wood is emphasized through the application of varnish.

When choosing a specific color scheme, you need to understand that it has a huge number of shades.

For example, by covering a parquet board with walnut-colored paints and varnishes, you can get several different color effects. It can be beige, red, black or dark brown.

Home owners also like to use tinting compounds. They cover doors, furniture, and parquet. The wood gains an unsurpassed appearance, as well as resistance to mechanical stress. Blue stains, fungus and mold will not form on this surface.

Scope of application

As mentioned above, varnish can be used both for interior and exterior work. It all depends on the composition; you need to study it carefully before purchasing. Interior varnish can be used to paint wooden furniture, doors, floors and other household items.

Paintwork materials for exterior work are used for finishing the following structures and elements:

• building facades;
• furniture parts;
• gazebos;
• enclosing structures;
• wooden flooring;
• terrace designs;
• beams;
• log cabins

For application over large areas, you can use an aerosol paint in a can or spray. A representative of this type of coating material is bitumen varnish. It protects the surface from rotting, mold and mildew.

Consumption

The consumption of paints and varnishes depends on several indicators:

• Category of processed surface. If the wood is endowed with deep pores, then the consumption for it will be clearly higher than for a regular wooden covering. For example, ash and oak will require much more composition than beech or pine.
• Composition viscosity. The viscous composition does not spread over the surface, which means that much more of it will be required.
• The consumption of coatings also depends on the quality of surface grinding. It is worth noting that if the surface is sanded well, then less varnish will be needed.
• Method of applying paints and varnishes. Using a paint gun, you can save a lot on the amount of composition. Roller and brush use up a lot more varnish.

The average consumption of paints and varnishes is known: usually 1 liter of substance covers about 8-10 square meters of surface. When applied as a second layer, the coating can cover an area of ​​20 square meters. m.

Applying varnish in 2 layers guarantees color fastness and the required surface protection.

How to cover?

To varnish wood texture, use the following application technology:

• The old surface must be sanded using sandpaper.
• After this, you should sand the surface and remove dust from it.

It is worth polishing the surface more carefully, because the amount of paintwork materials depends on this.

• If tinting varnish is used, then you need to use stain.
• Then you need to apply a primer. In this case, you must follow all the rules for its use.
• The final step is to apply the varnish using a brush, roller or spray.

To make the process easier, apply the varnish using a roller.. The brush is suitable for hard-to-reach places. To ensure that no marks from the brush remain on the surface, you need to choose it with a slight fluff at the end.

As for the sprayer, it can cover large areas in a short period of time.

If you need to varnish the surface of wooden furniture, you should use two layers, and when treating the floor - three.

Manufacturers

Currently, there are many more manufacturers of paints and varnishes than a few years ago. This is due, first of all, to the active construction of new buildings and structures.

• Among domestic firms it is worth highlighting the Technocolor company. This manufacturer produces water-based acrylic and polyurethane compositions for wood. The color palette includes more than 50 shades, including white and even red paintwork. This manufacturer also produces other types of paints and varnishes, but in more limited quantities.

Since ancient times, wood has been successfully used in construction work, furniture manufacturing, and interior and exterior decoration of buildings. The material is durable, environmentally friendly and easy to use, but in order for it to last for many years and not lose its attractive appearance, wood varnishes are used to process it, which protect the surface from abrasion and also allow the beautiful texture of the wood pattern to be left open.

Types of varnishes for wood

Wood varnishes are single- or multi-component viscous compositions that, after application to the surface, form a durable film with a matte or glossy sheen. The modern market offers a wide range of paints and varnishes, differing in content, drying speed, and areas of application:

• Oily - have a high concentration of oils, resins and organic compounds, therefore they have a thick consistency and are difficult to apply with a brush. After their application, a thick film with a yellowish tint is formed on the surface.
• Resin - contain natural, thermosetting or thermoplastic resins. The properties and scope of application are similar to oil varnishes.
• Acrylic - they are based on water, so these wood varnishes are considered environmentally friendly. Coatings and varnishes have high elasticity rates and do not have a too thick structure; therefore, their consumption is lower than that of many other compositions.
• Epoxy is the most versatile product that can be used for almost any job. They have high hardness, resistance to moisture and resist mechanical damage well.
• Alcohol polishes - thanks to ethyl alcohol, they dry in literally half an hour. Their features include increased strength and the ability to obtain a surface with a beautiful shine. Among the disadvantages, it is worth noting the low water resistance.
• Alkyd - have a completely synthetic composition and are distinguished by strength, abrasion resistance, and fire resistance. They do not deform due to temperature changes and help slow down the aging process of wood.
• Nitrovarnishes are similar in composition to alkyd ones, but dry much faster. Since they are not resistant to moisture and are destroyed by ultraviolet rays, they are most often used as wood varnishes for interior work.
• Polyester – refers to multi-component paints and varnishes. When applied, they form a thick film that is resistant to moisture and chemicals.
• Alkyd-urea - are two-component compositions to which it is necessary to add acidic hardeners. They are characterized by increased strength and moisture resistance.
• Acrylic-urethane - have excellent adhesive properties and are practically odorless, but are destroyed at low temperatures.
• Alkyd-urethane - compared to alkyd, they last 2 times longer, are easy to apply and spread over the surface. They have high elasticity, so they do not crack during use.
• Polyurethane – characterized by high wear resistance and resistance to the external environment. They are in high demand due to their low toxicity and the ability to impart a lasting shine to wood.

Specifications

More detailed technical characteristics of wood varnishes can be found in the table below.

Varnish type for wood	Compound	Drying time	Application
Oil	Condensed drying or natural oils	24-72 hours	Coating of furniture and other wooden products, excluding floors
Smolyanoy	Artificial and natural resins	24 - 72 hours	Use similar to oil formulations
Acrylic	Acrylic dispersion, plasticizer, water base	2-3 hours	Finishing of floors, reconstruction of wood products, external and internal work, including wet wood
Epoxy	Epoxy resin	8-12 hours	Coating surfaces subject to increased loads (wooden floors, doors, parquet)
Nitrolac	Cellulose nitrate, plasticizer, solvent, resins	20-50 minutes	Musical instruments, pencils
Alkyd	Solvent, drier, alkyd resin	up to 48 hours	Furniture, parquet, floating floors
Alcoholic	Resin, ethyl alcohol	20-30 minutes	Musical instruments, furniture
Polyester	Polyester resin	3-6 hours	Surfaces that require a thick glossy film (for example, musical instruments)
Alkyd-urea	Urea, alkyd resin	From several hours to several days	Any types of wood coverings
Acrylic-urethane	Urethane, solvent, acrylic dispersion	1-2 hours	Interior work (parquet, walls and floors of wooden houses or baths)
Alkyd-urethane (yacht)	Urethane, solvent, alkyd resin	6-12 hours	Coating of ship surfaces
Polyurethane	Resins and hardener	14-20 days	Coating of garden buildings, parquet, external and internal walls of wooden buildings, sea yachts

Wood varnish consumption

On average, the consumption of varnish for covering wood is 1 liter for every 8–10 m². In the case of subsequent applications, the material is consumed slightly less - 1 liter per 10–12 m², however, when treating surfaces, a number of certain criteria should be taken into account, which have a direct impact on the volume of consumption of the compositions:

• Type of wood. Wood with deep pores will require more product than wood with fine pores.
• Viscosity. The thicker the material, the more of it must be used to cover each square meter. To reduce overall consumption, solvent (or water, if the material is water-based) is often added to wood varnish.
• Quality of wood processing. If the wood is well sanded, it requires less compound.
• Method of application. When treating a surface with a roller or brush, more wood varnish is consumed than when spraying with a spray gun.

How to choose wood varnish

Any varnish used to coat wood is designed to protect the surface being treated from mechanical damage, exposure to moisture and sunlight, and processes of rotting and destruction. The choice of a particular material largely depends on its technical characteristics, composition and scope of use, so you should clearly understand which product is suitable in a particular case. When purchasing, it is recommended to pay attention to the following parameters:

• Wear resistance. Floor coverings place the highest demands on wear resistance. Polyurethane wood varnishes, which offer optimal protection against abrasion, are considered the most suitable for them. This category also includes acrylic-urethane and alkyd-urethane coatings.
• Gloss level. This parameter plays a significant role in interior design. Every living space contains objects with the same level of shine, so when purchasing, you should consider the similarity of the varnish with the overall design.
• Application area. If you are going to finish the interior, you need to buy wood varnish for interior work. If on the street - for outdoors.
• Drying speed. Each product has its own drying time, which varies from 20 minutes to several weeks. Water-based compounds dry the fastest, polyurethane ones take the longest.

Fire safety. If interior work is carried out in wooden houses, it is advisable to choose paintwork materials with good resistance to high temperatures. In stores you can find a wide selection of flame retardant materials. They are more expensive than regular wood varnishes, but the cost of fire safety still does not compare with the costs that may be required to restore after a fire.

Wood varnish for interior work

The main criterion when purchasing wood varnish for interior work is its toxicity level. High requirements for environmental cleanliness dictate their conditions, therefore, when treating surfaces inside the house, you should choose a material that will be as safe as possible for health. In this regard, preference is given to oil and acrylic compositions, which can be applied to furniture, window frames and other products, even in a children's room.

When wood varnish is selected to cover a floor or steps on a wooden staircase, its resistance to wear is taken into account. If rooms have a high level of traffic (for example, a kitchen or living room), the best option would be polyurethane or alkyd-urethane varnishes. For the bedroom or nursery, acrylic and oil products are used.

The drying time of the coating is essential. It is better to leave the house during the renovation period, but if this is not possible, then surface treatment is carried out in the warm season, when you can open the windows for a long time and ventilate the rooms. The exception is water-dispersion-based wood varnish, which is used without any restrictions.

Exterior varnish

From the point of view of the final result, materials for external coating are not much different from wood varnishes for interior work. However, when choosing compositions for exterior finishing, it should be taken into account that any outdoor surfaces require higher protection from moisture, mold and rot. For this reason, the best option would be products that, after application, form a water-repellent and vapor-permeable film:

• yacht;
• oil;
• alkyd;
• acrylic.

Another criterion for choosing a varnish for wood is its resistance to ultraviolet rays. The influence of the sun is one of the main reasons for the rapid wear of coatings, since in the process of burning out the compositions quickly lose their protective characteristics. Therefore, when choosing a material, it is necessary to give preference to products with special additives that increase the resistance of paint and varnish coatings to ultraviolet radiation.

How to work with wood varnish correctly, technology

The optimal conditions for applying wood varnish are dry, windless weather with temperatures not lower than +10 °C. It is best if the humidity level is no higher than 80% and the temperature is from 15 to 35 °C. Before you begin surface treatment, you should prepare a mask, gloves and safety glasses. Suitable accessories are required even if the work is carried out outdoors and the material is non-toxic.

Application of the compositions involves several successive steps:

• Selecting a tool. For coating, brushes, a roller or a spray gun are usually used. Brushes with natural bristles are suitable for applying oil-based varnishes, while brushes with synthetic bristles are suitable for obtaining a smooth surface. Rollers are relevant if you need to cover a large area. Spray guns are considered the most convenient tool that can be used to treat not only facades and fences, but also hard-to-reach places.
• Surface preparation. To achieve good adhesion of wood varnish, the surface should be prepared. To do this, the old coating (if any) is removed from it, and the cracks and cracks are filled with putty. Next, the wood is cleaned of dust and sanded with sandpaper.
• Primer. Surface priming is not always used, but it can make the surface smoother and reduce material consumption. Primer compositions are selected depending on the characteristics of the paintwork material and the wishes for the final result. In particular, for water-dispersion varnishes, an aqueous or acrylic primer is used, and to increase the wear resistance of wood, an alkyd primer is used.
• Applying wood varnish. The processing process itself begins with the preparation of the composition and its dilution with a solvent (if necessary). Next, the first layer is applied, and the varnish is applied in stripes on the horizontal surface, and in cross movements on the vertical surface. After processing, you need to wait until the material dries, then sand the coating with fine-grained sandpaper and apply a second layer. If necessary, after the composition has dried, the wood is covered with another 1–2 layers.

With the right choice of varnish for coating wood and following the rules for its application, you can achieve a perfectly smooth and aesthetic surface, well protected from the effects of the external environment.

Quite often, the average consumer, when choosing paints and varnishes for wood, torments himself with various questions. What is the best varnish to buy? How to choose? What should you pay attention to? However, choosing a good and suitable varnish with such an abundance of assortment on modern building materials markets is not such a difficult task. When purchasing paint and varnish material for wood, it is important to take into account the properties and specifics of the surface being treated. You can’t, for example, just go to the market and buy frost-resistant varnish for exterior woodwork from the first seller you come across, without taking into account the characteristics of this paintwork material.

Working with wood varnish

Painting wooden products indoors is required to ensure their protection from the formation and influence of various fungi and molds, damage by insects, or for decorating or restoring wooden objects. Exterior painting is primarily used to add shine or matte to wooden facades and other external surfaces. Therefore, any wood varnish, including acrylic, must be selected taking into account the properties and texture of the wood. Surface treatment must be performed in several layers. If the wood has high porosity, small cracks or scratches, then it should be pre-primed and puttied. Also, when choosing a paint and varnish material, you should take into account the degree of load exerted on the object or surface being processed.

What should you look for when choosing?

Any wood varnish is designed to protect the treated wood from various damages, atmospheric influences and decay processes. Depending on the technical characteristics, composition, properties and scope of application, paints and varnishes can be intended for both external and internal types of work. Therefore, before purchasing, you should clearly understand which paintwork and varnish will suit you in a particular case. Before you go to the store, you should read the characteristics and conditions of use of a particular composition and whether it meets your needs.

Types of varnishes for wood

Most paints and varnishes are known for their versatility in relation to wooden surfaces (parquet, doors, railings, steps and much more). If you are interested in odorless wood varnishes, then you should know some of the features of paints and varnishes on the market today.

For exterior work, frost-resistant, moisture- and light-resistant coatings are mainly used. This is due to the fact that only such paints and varnishes are able to provide wood with reliable protection from aggressive weather conditions. It is strictly not recommended to use compositions that create an inelastic film when drying to treat wooden surfaces outside. Such materials include nitro varnishes. Also, paints and varnishes used for outdoor work must contain special antibacterial additives that protect the tree from insect pests and prevent the occurrence of putrefactive processes.

Alkyd varnish for wood. This coating contains alkyd resins and solvent, making it strong, durable and moisture resistant.

Complete drying of the treated surface occurs within 72 hours, however, if faster drying of the applied layers is necessary, then you should choose paintwork materials that contain a hardener. In this case, drying of the coating is reduced to 24 hours.

The alkyd-urethane composition dries even faster. This is possible by adding urethane group components to the varnish. Such varnishes dry in 12 hours, not inferior in strength to alkyd paints and varnishes.

Oil varnishes. Such compositions are characterized by a high concentration of oils, resins and organic solvents. A special feature of oil compositions is the ability to change the color of wood from pale yellow to a thick chocolate shade. However, such paints and varnishes take longer to dry. Drying of the layers, depending on the ambient temperature, can last up to several days.

Nitrolac. This paint and varnish material is made from colloxylin, resins, plasticizers and volatile solvents. Nitrovarnishes are widely used when performing interior finishing work. Since this composition is quick-drying, the drying time of the layers is several hours, and in terms of strength, such a coating is not inferior in strength to similar paints and varnishes.

When coated, nitro varnish creates a transparent and thin protective film on a wooden surface, which reliably closes the pores of the wood, which, in turn, makes it possible to increase the water-repellent characteristics of the wood. It is worth considering that if you need a varnish that is completely harmless to health, then this type of paint and varnish material will not suit you, due to the content of toxic solvents in its composition. And the cost of such a composition does not suit everyone.

Attention ! When working with nitro varnish, you must adhere to safety precautions and use a special respirator.

Water-based acrylic varnish for wood. Such paints and varnishes do not contain organic solvents, so they do not have an unpleasant odor and, therefore, are safer for indoor use. Treating a wooden surface with acrylics makes it possible to increase strength and also preserve the natural color and texture of the wood.

Recommendation! Professionals recommend applying several layers of varnish to make the coating more durable. This increases the drying time, so you need to aim for about two weeks.

Acrylic varnishes are highly sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity and for this reason do not tolerate wet cleaning very well.

Epoxy coatings. They differ in that they dry quite quickly and can be used for work both indoors and outdoors. This is the most versatile paint coating, as it can be used to treat almost any type of surface.

Polyurethane varnish for wood. This material is characterized by water-repellent properties and high wear resistance. These characteristics have made polyurethane varnish one of the most commonly used materials for finishing wood surfaces, especially valuable types of wood.

Yacht varnish. It is considered the most durable among the coatings presented above. The protective composition of yacht varnish is highly resistant to the destructive effects of salty sea water and received its name due to its widespread use in the treatment of wooden boats and yachts. This semi-matte finish combines elasticity and hardness in the best possible way. The varnish is highly resistant to aggressive environmental influences, temperature changes and almost any cleaning agents.

Correct work with paintwork materials

Basically, special odorless paint is used to treat planed or parquet boards, however, some experts recommend using varnish for wooden surfaces for these purposes. In order to carry out high-quality varnishing of wooden products, pay attention to the simple instructions below.

Surface preparation. If the surface to be treated has not been varnished before, it should be thoroughly treated before applying the coating. If there is an old varnish coating, you just need to apply a new layer of varnish on top. Treatment of a wooden surface before varnishing involves thoroughly sanding the wood. After sanding, you need to remove dust from the surface, preferably with a vacuum cleaner, and you can move on to the next stage.

Varnishing. Applying varnish to a cleaned wooden surface is done with a brush, roller or paint sprayer. Quite often, after processing, light wood becomes darker, while dark wood, on the contrary, turns yellow or redder. As a rule, such a change in the color of the wood occurs immediately after applying the varnish. Therefore, it is worth finding out in advance the properties of the composition used.

Different wood has its own hardness, which, in turn, determines the required number of coating layers. Soft woods, such as pine or spruce, require 3-4 layers of varnish, while harder wood requires two. If an alkyd composition is used, then 10% white spirit must be added to apply the first layer.

Consumption per 1m²

And last, but not least, the question of how much varnish is consumed per 1 m². Let us name the main criteria that directly affect the consumption of the composition on wood.

1. Wood. Wood surfaces with deep pores require more material than fine-pore wood.
2. Sanding quality. Higher quality sanded wood requires less material.
3. Viscosity. The thicker the varnish, the greater its consumption per 1 m². For this reason, solvent or water is added to the varnish for applying the first layers if water-based paints are used.
4. Method of application. Lowest varnish consumption when using a spray gun. More material is required when working with a brush or roller.

The average varnish consumption is 1 l/8-10 m², and when applying the second and subsequent layers it is less - 1 l/10-12 m². However, all the above criteria must be taken into account.

To protect the wooden base for a long time and give it a presentable appearance, you should use wood varnish. If you know how to choose the appropriate composition, you can significantly improve the performance characteristics of the product. We invite you to get acquainted with the main types, their distinctive features, and application methods.

Varnish will protect the wood
PHOTO: dekoriko.ru

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Types of wood varnishes

The composition and characteristics of the varnish used may vary significantly. Manufacturers offer a wide range. We invite you to get acquainted with the main varieties used for wood processing.

Large assortment - wide possibilities
PHOTO: antiquepurveyor.com

Oil and resin

Relatively recently, oil-based varnishes for wood have become increasingly popular. Now they are used somewhat less due to the emergence of other options. The basis is resin and oil, which are mixed in certain proportions. Initially, natural ingredients were used. Later, to reduce cost, artificial resins and modified oils began to be introduced into the composition.

Oil varnishes, depending on the percentage of oil, are usually divided into:

• fatty (65-85%);
• average (55-65%);
• skinny (35-55%).

The former dry much longer than the skinny ones, but they perform a better protective function. They are most often used to protect flooring in residential buildings. Given the high density of the compositions, they are usually diluted before application. Oil varnishes for wood do not last long. It takes 1 to 3 days for them to dry completely.

Oil varnish takes a long time to dry
PHOTO: bionic-house.com.ua

The basis of resin varnishes is natural (for example, amber), thermoplastic or thermosetting resin. Their area of ​​use completely coincides with the area of ​​use of oil compositions.

Alkyd, alkyd-urea and alkyd-urethane

The basis of alkyd is glyphthalic or pentaphthalic resin. Solvent or white spirit is used as a solvent. Manufacturers also add special substances that speed up the drying process of the applied composition. The formed coating is not afraid of moisture. Retains properties under temperature changes. Remains unchanged in direct sunlight.

Alkyd varnish has a long shelf life, reasonable cost and unpleasant odor. Allows you to highlight the natural texture of wood. Applying several layers allows you to achieve the desired depth of color. It may take 2-3 days for each applied layer to dry. Due to its good wear resistance, the composition is used for treating floors, including heated floors. Less commonly used to cover furniture.

Alkyd varnish is suitable for floors
PHOTO: stroybaza.by

In addition to alkyd resins, the composition of alkyd-urea varnish for wood contains amino-formaldehyde resins. They are two-component materials. To harden the coating being formed, an acid-containing hardener is added to the base. The prepared mixture has a limited shelf life, depending on the brand, a couple of hours or several days.

As a result, a durable film is formed on the surface of the wood, providing a sufficient level of protection from moisture. Alkyd-urea grades are used primarily for processing parquet or solid floor boards. They are also in demand when processing wooden furniture and various interior items.

The basis of alkyd-urethane varnishes is an alkyd resin, to which a group of urethanes and an organic solvent are added. The introduction of additional components made it possible to double the service life of the formed coating compared to the alkyd analogue. The substance has an unpleasant odor. Protects the tree from the effects of negative factors. Used for treating ship surfaces.

Alkyd-urethane - reliable protection for wood in wet conditions
PHOTO: archiline.by

Acrylic and acrylic-urethane

Acrylic varnish is an environmentally friendly and safe composition that does not have an unpleasant odor. Can be used to treat bases in children's rooms. Water-soluble compounds take quite a long time to dry. It may take about two weeks for the film to form. Before applying the composition, the wood is primed.

Attention! Manufacturers offer acrylic varnishes for wood containing up to 15% solvent.

Water-based preparations highlight the natural beauty of wood, but do not provide a sufficient level of protection against moisture. Do not support combustion. The mechanical characteristics of the coating are relatively low. Manufacturers significantly improve them by introducing special additives.

For processing inside and outside
PHOTO: i2.wp.com

Acrylic urethane varnish can be diluted with water. It has almost no smell. Has a high level of adhesion to the base. It can be applied at temperatures above +12ºС, and during storage the value should not fall below +12ºС. Used when performing finishing work inside baths and saunas.

Alcohol and epoxy

Alcohol varnish for wood is of limited use. It is based on resin and ethyl alcohol. The latter evaporates quickly, so it takes 20–60 minutes for the formed layer to dry. The coating does not protect the wood base well from moisture, but it has a beautiful shine. It is used to varnish musical instruments and sometimes furniture.

The basis of epoxy varnish is the resin of the same name. It is a two-component drug. Hardening of the formed layer is possible only after adding a certain amount of hardener. Allows you to obtain a hard coating with a sufficient level of moisture resistance and resistance to shock loads. Used for interior and exterior work. It is used to varnish floor coverings. It takes no more than half a day for the applied layer to dry.

Epoxy varnish – two-component composition
PHOTO: gidpokraske.ru

Polyester and polyurethane

Polyester varnish is a multi-component composition. Its basis is polyester resin. A special gun is used for application. The process is quite labor intensive. Requires certain skills and precision. After drying, a durable thick film is formed on the surface of the wood, providing a sufficient level of protection from moisture and aggressive substances. The best option for furniture, floors and some musical instruments.

Polyurethane varnish is the most popular. This group includes yacht varnish. Due to the high strength and hardness of the formed coating, it can be used everywhere. Characterized by increased adhesion to the base. Not afraid of direct sunlight and chemicals. Dries quite quickly (4–12 hours). Can be used for outdoor work. It is demanding to adhere to application technology, since even a small amount of water can significantly deteriorate performance characteristics. It has a high cost.

Polyurethane is the most common wood varnish
PHOTO: i1.wp.com

Ethercellulosic

The composition of cellulose ether varnish includes an organic solvent, resin, plasticizer, and cellulose nitrate. It takes 20–50 minutes to dry. It comes in matte and glossy. The formed coating is well polished. It has sufficient water resistance. It covers musical instruments and pencils.

Takes less than an hour to dry
PHOTO: dekoriko.ru

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of wood varnish include:

• protection from biological influences;
• increased resistance to mechanical damage;
• sun resistance;
• improving the appearance of the base.

Among the disadvantages, it is worth noting the long drying time.

The base is reliably protected
PHOTO: gidpokraske.ru

How to choose wood varnish: basic criteria

A number of criteria will help you purchase a suitable composition, which should be taken into account when choosing a varnish for wood. The main attention should be paid to the purpose of the purchase, the appearance of the coating being formed and its performance characteristics.

By area of ​​application

The area of ​​application is of fundamental importance. Wood varnish is divided into solutions for interior and exterior use. Based on the purpose, various substances are introduced into their composition. To treat surfaces outdoors, coatings must have properties that allow them to resist precipitation and physical impact. Internal work is carried out with a composition that is safe for human health. A surface treated with interior varnish will quickly crack under the influence of the sun and precipitation.

Operating conditions are an important criterion
PHOTO: vagonkapinsk.by

By gloss level

The degree of gloss of the formed coating may vary. When choosing a varnish for wood, you should definitely take into account the design of other interior items and the overall stylistic design.

Advice! The degree of gloss of the formed coating depends on the order of its formation, subsequent polishing, characteristics of the substrate and the chosen shade.

Shine level may vary
PHOTO: teleplast.de

Wear resistance and fire resistance

With significant mechanical impact, increased demands are placed on the level of wear resistance of the coating being formed. When choosing a composition for parquet, you should immediately pay attention to polyurethane varnish for wood. The formed coating will have fairly high wear resistance. The degree of abrasion will be minimal.

Attention! You should avoid buying nitrocellulose varnish. Its wear resistance is minimal.

Wear resistance must be sufficient
PHOTO: antiseptiki.com.ua

Fireproof varnish is used for finishing premises that are subject to increased fire safety requirements. Its compliance with regulatory requirements is confirmed by the appropriate certificate. To ensure a sufficient level of fire resistance, the composition must be applied in compliance with technological requirements.

By drying speed and toxicity

Often, drying speed becomes the main criterion when choosing a suitable composition. The timeliness of finishing work depends on this. The hardening time directly depends on the brand and base of the wood varnish. Water-based varnish shows a minimum period of time. The longest wait will be for the coating formed using nitroglycerin.

When performing work indoors, the toxicity of the composition is of particular importance. The most harmful are varnishes containing solvents: nitrovarnish, acrylic, polyurethane for outdoor use, polyester. With their help, finishing should be done in a workshop or non-residential premises. If the base in the living room is to be varnished, residents should leave it while the work is being carried out.

To treat wood inside the house, use non-toxic varnish
PHOTO: woodpro.by

Leading manufacturers of wood varnishes

When choosing a varnish for wood, you should pay attention to Technocolor products. The domestic company offers acrylic polyurethane and other compounds. Among foreign manufacturers the following stand out:

• AkzoNobel (Holland);
• Tikkurila (Finland);
• Henkel (Germany);
• BASF (Germany);
• DuPont (USA).

Many manufacturers have high-quality varnish
PHOTO: palitra-vl.ru

Popular formulations

When choosing a varnish for wood, you should pay attention to the compositions that are especially popular. They are in demand among buyers due to the good performance characteristics of the coating being formed. Expert reviews will help you make the right choice.

Exterior works

To protect a tree exposed to precipitation, you should pay attention to:

Brand	Characteristics
	Urethane-alkyd; one-component; UV protection	530
Brand Characteristics Average price (as of September 2019), rub. per liter Polyacrylic; one-component; semi-gloss 1200 Polyurethane; semi-gloss 2400 Polyurethane; transparent 2500 Sherwin-Williams Wood Classics Varnish Methods of applying wood varnish The order in which the varnish is applied to the surface affects the appearance and service life of the formed coating. It is better to carry out work on a dry, windless day at temperatures above +10ºС. The optimal temperature range is within 15 – 35ºС with a humidity level of less than 80%. The process itself includes the following steps: tool selection; preparation of the base. Old coating, dust, and existing contaminants should be removed from the surface. If there is fungus or mold on the base, this area is disinfected. The wood is sanded using a sander or sandpaper; applying primer. You can skip this step, but priming will help level the base and reduce varnish consumption; applying varnish with the selected tool after the primer layer has completely dried; grinding the formed layer. Advice! You can remove old varnish using baking soda. Using a sprayer Used for large treatment areas or when applying varnish to a base with complex terrain. Allows you to form a homogeneous layer. The composition applied by spray must have a suitable consistency. The coating is smooth PHOTO: azurka.ru Using a brush or roller When choosing a brush, take into account the composition of the wood varnish. For oil tools, you should choose a tool with natural bristles. A brush with synthetic bristles will help create a smooth surface. A roller is used when processing a large area. The varnish is applied in strips to a horizontal base. If the surface is vertical, make cross movements. After the applied layer has dried, the wood is treated with fine sandpaper. After this, a second layer is applied. Share in the comments, have you ever treated wood with varnish? Which composition did you prefer?

Water-based varnish, which appeared relatively recently, is becoming increasingly popular. This is due to the environmental friendliness of the composition, the absence of an unpleasant odor during application and decent technical characteristics.

Peculiarities

Water-based varnish is a type of paint and varnish product that is primarily environmentally friendly. It contains water and emulsifiers (acrylic or polyurethane). In addition, the composition may contain liquid polymers, antiseptics (in varnishes for wood processing), solvents (their share can be 5–15%), plasticizers (provide increased strength of the varnish layer). The presence of water determines the “setting” of the varnish. First of all, it is this that evaporates, then the film-forming component (solvent), and lastly the binding component (emulsifier).

All water-based varnishes are divided into two large groups - one-component and two-component. One-component compositions, as the name implies, consist of one active component - acrylic or polyurethane.

• Acrylic the compositions are considered more environmentally friendly; they do not create a film on the surface, so the bases can “breathe”. In addition, acrylic varnishes are more elastic, which means they are easier to apply. At the same time, these compositions do not demonstrate the same high strength indicators as polyurethane analogues. The optimal area for use of the product is residential premises with standard environmental conditions.
• Polyurethane varnishes, characterized by a large margin of safety, are used for surfaces in public and administrative buildings. They are suitable for substrates subject to high mechanical loads and prone to damage.

The basis of the two-component varnish is acrylic, to which polyurethane is added to improve performance. An important feature of water-based varnishes is their freezing at subzero air temperatures. Once defrosted, this product is not suitable for use.

Compliance with storage rules allows you to avoid damage to the composition. Water-based varnishes can only be stored at positive temperatures.

Specifications

Speaking about technical characteristics, it is logical to note the advantages of water-based varnishes.

• Environmental friendliness, due to the absence or minimal content of solvents and other aggressive chemical elements in the composition. This ensures that there is no unpleasant odor during the painting and drying process of the water-based varnish. Neither alkyd, nor oil, nor, especially, formaldehyde compositions can demonstrate similar properties.
• High fire safety– the material is completely non-flammable, which allows it to be used on surfaces that are subject to increased fire safety requirements.
• High drying speed– 3–5 hours after application. However, we must not forget that the layer will gain its final strength in 15–30 days.
• Good performance adhesion, but subject to compliance with the technology for preparing working bases.

• Antiseptic ability is typical for acrylic varnishes.
• Durability to temperature changes, increased humidity levels.
• Durability to the influence of ultraviolet rays, which provides reliable protection of surfaces from sunlight and preserves their color.
• Opportunity further use working tools - just wash them with soap or dish soap, rinse and dry.
• It is important that no unpleasant odor, as well as a high drying speed, allow work to be carried out without changing the usual way of life of household members. There is no need to think about where to move children and elderly relatives during the renovation.

Like any type of varnish, the composition in question has disadvantages, namely:

• lower strength to mechanical stress compared to similar indicators of other types of varnishes;
• application possible only at temperatures +15–20ºС and air humidity 50–55%;
• high cost compared to other types of varnish.

Dispersion varnish with the addition of polyurethane has high wet strength and resistance to household chemicals, including those containing alcohol. The interior composition usually has an acrylic base, and for application to the floor it is polyurethane, which is characterized by increased strength. There are also varieties of the product intended for different types of bases (wooden, concrete, plasterboard and others).

Separately, it is worth highlighting the self-priming water-based composition used for finishing. One of its main advantages is the ability to spread evenly, forming a smooth surface. The use of the composition can significantly improve the appearance of varnished surfaces.

There are such types of self-priming composition as:

• glossy– allows you to get elegant shiny surfaces, emphasizes the richness of bright colors. Not suitable for application to surfaces with defects, as it makes them even more noticeable;

• matte– derived from alkyd-urethane composition. It does not have a characteristic shine, looks elegant, noble, and also emphasizes the depth of color and visually hides the imperfections of the base.

In addition, there are “intermediate” options - semi-matte and semi-gloss. The latter exhibits a greater degree of gloss, but still does not “reach” the pronounced glossy coatings. Water-based varnish is a colorless transparent composition, and if we are talking about the acrylic version, it is a milky white shade. However, by adding color to them, you can get any shade. Transparent varnish does not change the shade and structure of the surface, but only emphasizes them.

Scope of application

The bulk of water-based products are intended for interior use; their use for exterior finishing is not recommended. The product has a fairly wide scope of application. It increases moisture resistance and other performance characteristics of walls, furniture, and interior elements. However, water-based acrylic compounds cannot withstand increased static and dynamic loads, so they are unsuitable for application over high-traffic flooring. It is acceptable to use them in the bedroom and children's room, for example, but not in the living room and hallway. For these rooms, it is better to choose analogues with a polyurethane binder component.

It should be noted that acrylic varnishes and paints are usually used for home decoration, while more durable polyurethane ones are used for surface treatment in public buildings.

Two-component compositions are most often used for application to wooden floor coverings. In addition, they can be applied to metal, concrete, stone, and drywall. Similar compositions are used when performing the following types of work:

• strengthening the foundation– in this case, they act as a kind of adhesive solution that holds the peeling elements together;
• antiseptic treatment– prevents the appearance of mold and mildew on the treated surface;

• surface protection– treated bases acquire greater strength, including resistance to temperature changes, mechanical damage, and high humidity;
• maintaining surface color saturation– the resulting film protects the substrate from fading under the influence of UV rays;
• surface decoration– depending on the type, such varnish can be used as a tinting composition, imparting a matte or glossy shine;
• simplifying the surface care process– protected bases can be safely wiped with a damp cloth.

Manufacturers: review and reviews

Among the leading manufacturers of water-based varnishes is a Finnish company Tikkurila. The assortment is represented mainly by acrylic varnishes; there are both universal compositions and products for walls, floors, and furniture. Buyers note a complete absence of odor when working with the product. And also from the experience of some users, we can conclude that the composition is best used in rooms facing the non-sunny side.

Varnishes produced under the trademark Eurotex, allow not only to protect surfaces and add gloss to them, but also to create an imitation of valuable and expensive wood species (when applying the composition to wood, of course).

Brand composition brands are also considered a leader LOBA. This German manufacturer regularly expands its line of varnishes, as well as colors for them. The price range is also wide. A large assortment is usually demonstrated by such reputable European brands as Vermeister, Pallmann, Berger-Seidle. In addition to special varnishes for different types of surfaces, as well as wooden furniture, walls and floors, there are modifications for baths and saunas. The latter are characterized by increased heat resistance and moisture resistance.

Products from domestic manufacturers receive positive feedback from customers "Lakra". High quality, absence of odor (a slight specific “aroma” is possible when using polyurethane varnishes), lower cost compared to the price of imported analogues - all these are undoubted advantages of the product. The assortment is represented mainly by finishing coating compositions. The company's products boast a variety of products V33, as it includes options for floors, walls, furniture, as well as universal varnishes. The products amaze with a variety of colors such as wenge, stained oak, pine and others.

If you need to varnish or decorate furniture, it is recommended to use varnishes 3V3 from a French manufacturer. Thanks to their characteristic consistency, they are easier to apply to curved surfaces and to use in hard-to-reach places.

Lacquer stain is characterized by increased wear resistance and strength. Deluxe. In addition, the product allows the base to give a noble appearance, imitation of valuable wood species. According to reviews, this composition, applied in the corridor, does not require updating for about 3 years. At the same time, the impeccable appearance of the floor is maintained even in conditions of high traffic and regular wet cleaning.

This manufacturer’s product range includes another composition for treating parquet boards – Dulux Trade Diamond Glaze. Due to the peculiarities of its composition and production, this varnish provides 10 times greater strength than other water-based varnishes.

• To obtain an impeccable result, as well as maintain the performance characteristics of the varnish It is important to prepare the working foundations in advance. They must be smooth, clean (without grease stains or traces of previous coating), and dry.
• First the primer is applied. This stage of work should not be skipped; the primer should be applied in 2–3 layers, which will reduce the consumption of varnish and increase the strength of its layer.
• Recommended to use special primers, intended for the surface to be finished, for example, for wooden surfaces, a wood primer should be used. It is important to choose compatible primers and varnishes. They both need to be water based.

• Water-based varnishes cannot be applied with brushes. For these purposes, only a roller is used; on larger bases, you can use a spray gun. Using a brush can cause noticeable stripes to appear on the surface to be varnished, so rollers of appropriate sizes are used even in corners and other hard-to-reach areas.
• Before applying each subsequent layer, you must wait complete drying of the previous one. Otherwise, unevenness and roughness of the surface cannot be avoided. If this recommendation is followed, but the dried varnish layer is rough, then this is due to dust settling on the varnish. This problem can be eliminated by grinding the surface with the defect.
• Acrylic and polyurethane varnishes must be mix or shake thoroughly for 2–8 minutes depending on the volume of the container with varnish.