Unreasonable use of a word, an extra word in a sentence. In order to correct an error, it is enough to delete the word from the sentence.
Answer: The inevitability of the transition to a new relationship is obvious.
- The new redistribution of money is related to the trade in components and technologies, as well as the provision of branded services.
The word is used in the wrong sense.
Answer: The new reallocation of money is related to the trade of components and technologies, as well as the provision of quality services.
- However, it is impossible wrong If we attribute the roots of entrepreneurship only to the middle of the 19th century, they are much deeper.
The word was poorly chosen with the prefix not-. To correct it, just choose a synonym.
Answer: However, one cannot mistakenly attribute the roots of entrepreneurship only to the middle of the 19th century; they are much deeper.
- Flaw devices casts doubt on the results of experiments.
The word disadvantage has many meanings. It is unclear in what meaning it is used.
Answer: The lack of instruments casts doubt on the results of the experiments.
- You, as an editor, you can leave these terms.
Incorrect use of words when addressing.
Answer: You, as an editor, have the right to leave these terms.
Task No. 2
Explain the difference in the meaning of the phrases:
- A dangerous person is a fearful person.
Answer: A dangerous person is a person who poses a danger to others. A fearful person is a person who acts with caution, distrust, and caution.
- Master what you read - master what you read.
Answer: Master what you read - completely master the material, have a general idea of what you read. Assimilate what you read - understand, remember what you read properly.
- Condemn actions - discuss actions.
Answer: Condemn actions - express disapproval, recognize them as bad.
Discuss actions - analyze, think about, expressing your thoughts.
- Present an opportunity – provide an opportunity.
Answer: To imagine an opportunity – to report, to reproduce in thought.
To provide an opportunity is to give the right to carry out any actions.
- Tactical steps are tactical steps.
Answer: Tactful steps - decent, with a sense of proportion. Tactical steps - developing an action plan that provides various development options and methods of action.
- Household affairs are business affairs.
Answer: Household affairs are the affairs of the head of the family, the house, the owner, or the person using hired labor, a private employer.
Household affairs are matters related to running a household.
Task No. 3
Eliminate errors associated with the unmotivated use of words that have opposite meanings.
- Trying to overcome weakness, she walked forward.
Answer: Trying to overcome her weakness, she moved forward.
- Modesty took over, and he did not enter the room, but went down the steps.
Answer: Modesty took over, and he did not enter the room, but went down the steps.
- There are no chairs available.
Answer: There are no chairs.
- The hidden fossils in the earth have not yet been discovered.
Answer: The hidden fossils in the earth have not yet been found.
- Unreliable facts should alarm us.
Answer: Unreliable facts should alarm us.
- He openly admitted what was hidden from us.
Answer: He openly admitted what was hidden from us.
- Inaction can lead to an accident, as can wrong action.
Answer: Inaction can lead to an accident, as can incorrect behavior.
Task No. 4
Come up with sentences in which the combinations suggested below would be used:
a) as free;
b) as phraseological.
Open your mouth, stew in your own juice, throw a pebble into the garden, take out dirty laundry, keep a stone in your bosom, walk past, extend your hand, tuck it in your belt, roll up your sleeves, cover your mouth.
Answer:
a) A patient was sitting in the dentist’s office with his mouth open. There was a stunning aroma on the terrace where the cherries were boiling in their own juice. To attract my neighbor's attention, I threw a pebble into his garden. When we settled in for the night, we first took out the trash from the hut. Preparing to play “war”, the boys kept stones in their bosoms. The bus passed by without stopping. The director, greeting guests, extended his hand for greeting. Having finished the work, the lumberjack tucked the ax into his belt. Rolling up his sleeves, the boy tried to catch a fish from the aquarium. Holding their mouths shut in fear, the spectators carefully watched the tiger trainer's performance.
b) Young spectators watched what was happening on stage with their mouths open. We did not have the opportunity to travel to the regional center, so we stewed in our own juices. According to his words, I understood into whose garden the pebble was thrown. It is unlikely that the manager will want to wash dirty linen in public. It is difficult to communicate with a person who always carries a stone in his bosom. All village residents helped and extended a helping hand to the fire victims. We outdid everyone in the volleyball competition. All the students at the cleanup worked with their sleeves rolled up, and soon the work was finished. The opponent covered the speaker's mouth without much effort.
Task No. 5
Correct errors resulting from the use of phraseological units without taking into account their meaning.
- The crowd heard: “All these bureaucrats must be killed without a twinge of conscience.”
Answer: The crowd heard: “All these bureaucrats need to be killed without trial.”
- The issue of fuel is complex, and you can’t just throw hats at it.
Answer: The issue with fuel is complex, and one cannot simply discount it.
- The old woman was apparently tired; she walked more and more slowly, in one breath.
Answer: The old woman was apparently tired, she walked more and more slowly, on her last breath.
- “White crow” is sometimes called a person who is conscientious and not indifferent to what is wrong...
Answer: “White Crow” - this is what they sometimes call a conscientious person who is not indifferent to unscrupulousness.
- The results of the experiment exceeded our expectations: most of the experimental rabbits practically died.
Answer: The results of the experiment shocked us: most of the experimental rabbits practically died.
- Over the years, we have developed a friendly team.
Answer: Over many years we have developed a friendly team.
- “Boots,” the teacher taught us, “need to be cleaned in the evening so that you can put them on with a fresh head in the morning.”
Answer: “Boots,” the teacher taught us, “need to be cleaned in the evening so that you can quickly put them on in the morning.”
Task No. 6
Divide the phraseological units below into two groups in terms of origin and tradition of use:
a) in book and written speech,
b) in oral and conversational speech.
Come up with phrases with some of them, keeping these features in mind.
Answer:
a) A proverb; Achilles' heel; burn incense; rest on your laurels; voice in the wilderness; sword of Damocles; a colossus with feet of clay; not by bread alone.
b) Rub glasses; in hearts; out of hand (bad); at least poke out your eyes; peace and quiet; keep your eyes open; anywhere; canny; burn with shame; utter nonsense; be careful; without a year a week; lead by the nose; pout your lips.
It's dark as if you poke your eyes out. The athletes rested on their laurels of victory. She couldn't believe that he had been leading her by the nose all this time. It is better to burn with shame than to keep this secret.
Task No. 7
Read the popular expressions below, which go back to biblical and evangelical texts, and explain their meaning.
Answer:
1) Alpha and Omega - means infinity, limitless life, embracing everything and surpassing everything.
“The words Alpha and Omega signify Christ as God, containing everything, beginningless and infinite: Who exists, who existed first, and who has no end,” says Andrew of Caesarea; (alpha and omega are the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet). The expression originated from the Bible.
2) Pandemonium of Babel. Used to mean disorder, turmoil, neglect of affairs. This expression originated from biblical myth about attempts to build a tower in Babylon that was supposed to reach the sky. When the work was completed, the angry God “confused their languages”, people ceased to understand each other, and could not continue the work.
3) Eating from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil - acquiring knowledge, comprehending the meaning of various phenomena, gaining life experience. The expression arose from the biblical myth about the tree of the knowledge of good and evil growing in paradise. Adam was forbidden to eat the fruit on pain of death. For disobeying God, Adam and Eve were expelled from paradise.
4) The voice of one crying in the wilderness is a vain call for something that remains unheeded and unanswered. Expression from the Bible.
5) Egyptian plagues were cruel, destructive disasters. Expression
Originated from the Biblical myth of the ten plagues. God overthrew Egypt for refusing
Pharaoh freed the Jews from captivity: he turned water into blood, sent frogs, midges, ulcers, etc.
6) Golden Calf - worship of wealth, the power of gold, money. Based on the biblical story of a calf made of gold. The Jews, wandering in the desert, worshiped him as God.
7) A stumbling block is a difficulty that someone faces in any matter, a controversial matter.The expression stumbling block is originally found in the Old Testament in the Book of the Prophet Isaiah.
8) Scapegoat - a person who is constantly blamed on someone else, who is responsible for others. An expression that arose from the description of the ritual of the ancient Jews, when human sins were placed on a living goat (donkey), and on the day of atonement the goat was expelled into the desert.
9) Cornerstone - the basis, the main idea, something unshakable.
10) Manna from heaven - something unexpected, rare, valuable. Originated from the biblical myth of manna. God sent messages from heaven to the Jews every morning as they went to the Promised Land.
11) A heavy cross is the absurd fate of a person, the difficult trials that life presents to a person.These expressions arose on the basis of the Gospel legend about Jesus carrying the cross on which he was to be crucified (John 19:17).
12) From onion - unnecessary, incorrect, harmful, sinful. Expression from the Gospel. Jesus, forbidding swearing by heaven, earth, by the head of the swearer, said: “But let your word be: yes, yes, no, no, and what is more than this is from the evil one,” i.e. from the devil.
13) Mortal sin - in religious beliefs - a sin that cannot be atone for, entails eternal torment in afterlife, later the expression lost its ecclesiastical character. Currently: a very big human flaw.
Other tests on the subject Foreign languages
feet of clay, burn with shame, utter nonsense, keep your eyes open, not by bread alone, for a week without a year, lead by the nose, pout.
Answer:
a) A proverb; Achilles' heel; burn incense; rest on your laurels; voice in the wilderness; sword of Damocles; a colossus with feet of clay; not by bread alone.
b) Rub glasses; in hearts; out of hand (bad); at least poke out your eyes; peace and quiet; keep your eyes open; anywhere; canny; burn with shame; utter nonsense; be careful; without a year a week; lead by the nose; pout your lips.
Chemistry is my Achilles heel, I don’t know it well.
It's dark as if you poke your eyes out.
For two weeks now he has been leading me by the nose: he promised to get me the book I needed, but it still hasn’t arrived.
It is better to burn with shame than to keep this secret.
7) Read the ones below idioms, going back to biblical and evangelical texts, explain their meaning.
Alpha and Omega. Babel. Eating from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. Voice in the wilderness. Egyptian executions. Golden calf. Stumbling block. Scapegoat. Foundation stone. Manna from heaven. Heavy cross. From the evil one. Deadly sin. Garden and Gomorrah. Salt of the earth. Vanity of vanities and all sorts of vanity. Daily bread.
Answer:
) Alpha and Omega - means infinity, limitless life, embracing everything and surpassing everything. The basis of everything, the most important thing, the beginning and the end. Alpha and Omega are the names of the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. The expression originated from the Bible. The words Alpha and Omega signify Christ as God, containing everything, beginningless and infinite: Existing, and previously existing, and having no end, says Andrew of Caesarea.
) Pandemonium of Babel. Used to mean extreme disorder, turmoil, confusion, neglect of affairs. This expression originated from the biblical myth of Ancient Babylon about attempts to build a tower that was supposed to reach the sky. When the work was completed, an angry God confused their languages, people ceased to understand each other, and could not continue the construction (pandemonium - the creation of a pillar, the building of a tower).
) Eating from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil - acquiring knowledge, comprehending the meaning of various phenomena, gaining life experience. The expression arose from the biblical myth about the tree of the knowledge of good and evil growing in paradise. Adam was forbidden to eat the fruit on pain of death. For disobeying God, Adam and Eve were expelled from paradise.
) The voice of one crying in the wilderness is a vain call for something, left unheeded, unanswered. Expression from the Bible.
) Egyptian plagues are cruel, destructive disasters. The expression originated from the Biblical myth of the ten plagues. God overthrew Egypt for Pharaoh’s refusal to free the Jews from captivity: he turned water into blood, sent frogs, midges, plagues, etc.
) Golden Calf - worship of wealth, the power of gold, money. Based on the biblical story of a calf made of gold. The Jews, wandering in the desert, worshiped him as God.
) A stumbling block is a difficulty that someone faces in any business, occupation, etc. The expression stumbling block originally appears in the Old Testament in the Book of the Prophet Isaiah. According to the Bible, the stumbling block is a stone laid at the Temple in Jerusalem (Zion). Non-believers stumbled over him.
) A scapegoat is a person who is constantly being blamed for someone else, and is responsible for others. An expression that arose from the description of a special ritual of the ancient Jews, described in the Bible, when human sins were transferred (transferred) to a living goat (donkey), and on the day of absolution the goat was driven into the desert.
) The cornerstone is the basis, the main idea, something unshakable. In Russian villages, before and now, large stones - cornerstones - are placed at the corners of the house.
) Manna from heaven is something unexpected, rare, valuable. The expression originates from the biblical myth of manna. God sent messages from heaven to the Jews every morning as they went to the Promised Land.
) A heavy cross is the absurd fate of a person, the difficult trials that life presents to a person. These expressions arose on the basis of the Gospel legend about Jesus carrying the cross on which he was to be crucified.
) From onion - unnecessary, incorrect, harmful, sinful. Expression from the Gospel. Jesus, forbidding swearing by heaven, earth, by the head of the swearer, said: But let your word be: yes, yes, no, no, and what is more than this is from the evil one, i.e. from the devil.
) Mortal sin - in religious beliefs - a sin that cannot be atone for, entails eternal torment in the afterlife; later the expression lost its ecclesiastical character. Currently: a very big human flaw.
When studying both material on phraseology and other grammatical topics (5-6 grade)
Exercise 1. Read the sentences. Highlight phraseological units in them. Using "School explanatory dictionary", determine their meaning and stylistic role.
1. And what’s the point if they give you at least an A plus when your understanding is absolutely zero. Who would want to raise the booby of the king of heaven? (L. Kassil).
2. A night robber, a duelist... and not very clean in his hand (A. Griboedov).
Exercise 2.Read the examples. Instead of dots, insert phraseological units necessary in meaning and structure.
1. Aunt Natasha noticed that we were both walking..., and began to persuade my mother to let Mishka and I stay to live in the village (N. Nosov).
2. It’s time for us, Aunt, to get down to business. Enough for you..., I want to make an artist out of you (A. Chekhov).
For information: kick your ass like you're underwater.
Exercise 3.In these sentences, highlight phraseological units and words that are synonyms for them.
1. Here you are, excuse me, a grown guy, but you’re slaughtering game (D. Granin) - Standing at the board, Petya made annoying mistakes (V. Kataev).
2. We went through this back in third grade. Have you fallen from the moon? (N. Nosov) - Gavrik persistently pretended that he did not understand anything (V. Kataev).
Exercise 4.Select synonyms for these phraseological units and make sentences with three of them.
Play spillikins; green Street; gossips; like a fish in water; like mad; not everyone is at home, you can’t say anything; and the Swede, and the reaper, and the player on the pipe; for one cut; set one's teeth on edge.
For reference: deal with trifles, path without interference, gossips, freely, very quickly, in fact, on one block, an eyesore.
Exercise 5.Read the sentences, highlight the phraseological units in them, prove, using the School Phraseological Dictionary, that they are antonyms.
1. Bone is white, bone is black. – And look, they are so different: they are given different honors (N. Nekrasov).
2. The thin cloth of the frock coats, the whiteness of the collars, the well-groomed faces - all this testified that these were people of white bones (A. Serafimovich).
Exercise 6. According to the Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language, ed. establish the meaning of phraseological units, determine which of them are polysemantic: sore point, give away ends, carry in your arms, on a living thread. With polysemantic phraseological units, compose sentences in such a way that the difference in meaning becomes obvious.
Exercise 7. Find out from the “Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language”, ed. the meaning of the following phraseological units: oak head, offended by God, green street, full speed ahead.
Determine which ones syntactic units they are constructed, which word in their composition is the main one and which is the dependent one.
Exercise 8. Select phraseological units, determine which style they belong to; carry out the analysis according to the proposed scheme.
1. The purpose of our life for him (Lensky) was a tempting riddle, he puzzled over it (A. Pushkin).
2. Hedgehogs are children no matter what, so what’s there to be surprised about? After all, mother always keeps them with a tight rein (E. Serov).
Exercise 9. For each Russian phraseological unit, select the corresponding Ukrainian phraseological unit. Determine in which cases the use of grammatical forms of Russian and Ukrainian phraseological units corresponds to each other, and in which they differ? What are these differences?
Water and stone gouge, stay on the beans, eye to eye.
For reference: wateri camidon't sharpen, s`icTi lick, na chotiri oka.
Exercise 10. Read the catch words below. Remember in which works of art they were heard for the first time. Name the verbs, determine in what tense, number, person each of them is used.
1. The times of Ochakovsky and the conquest of Crimea.
2. The cuckoo praises the rooster because he praises the cuckoo.
3. The province went to write.
Exercise 11.Copy down proverbs, insert unstressed personal endings of verbs, determine their conjugation.
1. I love... to ride, I love... to carry sleighs.
2. Where p..., there and ro...
3. Forest rub... - wood chips...
4. Stupid judgment..., but smart reasoning....
1) Explain why the highlighted words are used poorly. Correct errors in word usage.
1. The future inevitability of the transition to new relationships is obvious.
Answer: Unreasonable use of the word promising, an extra word in a sentence, because inevitability cannot be prospective. In order to correct an error, it is enough to delete the word from the sentence.
The inevitability of the transition to a new relationship is obvious.
2. The new reallocation of money is related to the trade of components and technologies, as well as the provision of branded services.
Answer: Using the word in the wrong meaning.
The new redistribution of money is associated with the trade of components and technologies, as well as the provision of quality support services.
3. However, it is impossible and incorrect to attribute the roots of entrepreneurship only to the middle of the 19th century; they are much deeper.
Answer: The word was poorly chosen with the prefix not-. To correct, you should choose a synonym.
However, it is also wrong to attribute the roots of entrepreneurship only to the middle of the 19th century; they are much deeper.
4. The lack of instruments casts doubt on the results of the experiments.
Answer: The word lack has many meanings. It should be replaced.
The lack of instruments casts doubt on the results of the experiments.
5. You, as an editor, can keep these terms.
Answer: Incorrect use of words when addressing.
You, as an editor, have the right to retain these terms.
2) Explain the difference in the meaning of the phrases: A dangerous person is a fearful person; master what you read - master what you read; condemn actions - discuss actions; present an opportunity - provide an opportunity; tactical steps - tactical steps; household affairs - economic affairs.
1. A dangerous person is a fearful person.
Answer: A dangerous person is a person who poses a danger to others. A cautious person is a person who is distrustful, cautious, and acts with caution; acting cautiously out of fear or fear of something.
2. Master what you read - master what you read.
Answer: Master what you read - learn something, master something. Here: master the material read, have a general idea of what you read. Assimilate what you read - understand, remember what you read properly.
3. Condemn actions - discuss actions.
Answer: Condemn actions - express disapproval, recognize as bad. Discuss actions - consider, analyze, think about, expressing your thoughts about something or someone’s behavior or action.
4. Present an opportunity - provide an opportunity.
Answer: To provide an opportunity - for familiarization, information, for any conclusion, official consideration; reproduce in thought. To provide an opportunity - to give the opportunity to possess, dispose of, use something.
5. Tactical steps - tactical steps.
Answer: Tactful steps - decent, with a sense of proportion. Tactical steps - developing an action plan that provides various development options and methods of action.
6. Household affairs - economic affairs.
Answer: Household affairs - the affairs of the head of the family, house, owner, or person using hired labor, a private employer. Household affairs are matters related to running a household.
3) Eliminate errors associated with the unmotivated use of words that have opposite meanings.
1. Trying to overcome weakness, she walked forward.
Answer: Trying to overcome weakness, she walked forward.
2. Modesty took over, and he did not enter the room, but went down the steps.
Answer: Modesty took over, and he did not enter the room, but went down the steps.
3. There are no chairs.
Answer: There are no chairs.
4. Fossils hidden in the earth have not yet been discovered.
Answer: Minerals found in the ground have not yet been discovered
5. Unreliable facts should alert us.
Answer: False information should alert us.
6. He openly admitted what was hidden from us.
Answer: He honestly admitted what was hidden from us.
7. Inaction can lead to an accident, just like wrong action.
Answer: Inaction, as well as violation of rules, can lead to an accident.
4) Come up with sentences in which the combinations proposed below would be used: a) as free; b) as phraseological.
Open your mouth, stew in your own juice, throw a pebble into the garden, take out dirty laundry, keep a stone in your bosom, walk past, extend your hand, tuck it in your belt, roll up your sleeves, cover your mouth.
Answer:
a) A patient was sitting in the dentist’s office with his mouth open. There was a stunning aroma on the terrace where the cherries were boiling in their own juice. To attract my neighbor's attention, I threw a pebble into his garden. When we settled in for the night, we first took out the trash from the hut. Preparing to play “war”, the boys kept stones in their bosoms. The bus passed by without stopping. The director, greeting guests, extended his hand for greeting. Having finished the work, the lumberjack tucked the ax into his belt. Rolling up his sleeves, the boy tried to catch a fish from the aquarium. Holding their mouths shut in fear, the spectators carefully watched the tiger trainer's performance.
b) Young spectators watched what was happening on stage with their mouths open. We did not have the opportunity to travel to the regional center, so we stewed in our own juices. According to his words, I understood into whose garden the pebble was thrown. It is unlikely that the manager will want to wash dirty linen in public. It is difficult to communicate with a person who always carries a stone in his bosom. All village residents helped and extended a helping hand to the fire victims. We outdid everyone in the volleyball competition. All the students at the cleanup worked with their sleeves rolled up, and soon the work was finished. The opponent covered the speaker's mouth without much effort.
5) Correct errors resulting from the use of phraseological units without taking into account their meaning.
1. A voice was heard in the crowd: “All these bureaucrats must be killed without a twinge of conscience.”
Answer: The crowd heard: “All these bureaucrats need to be killed without trial.”
2. The issue with fuel is complex, and you can’t just throw hats at it.
Answer: The issue with fuel is complex, and one cannot simply discount it.
3. The old woman was apparently tired; she walked more and more slowly, in one breath.
Answer: The old woman was apparently tired, she walked more and more slowly, on her last breath.
4. “White Crow” - this is what they sometimes call a conscientious person who is not indifferent to what is wrong.
Answer: “White crow” is what they sometimes call a conscientious person who is not indifferent to unscrupulousness.
5. The results of the experiment exceeded our expectations: most of the experimental rabbits practically died.
Answer: The results of the experiment shocked us: most of the experimental rabbits practically died.
6. Over the years, we have developed a friendly team.
Answer: Over many years we have developed a friendly team.
7. “Boots,” the teacher taught us, “need to be cleaned in the evening so that you can put them on with a fresh head in the morning.”
Answer: “Boots,” the teacher taught us, “need to be cleaned in the evening so that you can quickly put them on in the morning.”
6) Divide the phraseological units below into two groups in terms of origin and tradition of use:
a) in book and written speech, b) in oral and spoken speech.
Come up with phrases with some of them, keeping these features in mind.
A proverb, rubbing glasses, Achilles' heel, in the hearts, out of hand (bad), burning incense, even if you gouge out your eyes, peace and quiet, resting on your laurels, a voice crying in the wilderness, keeping your eyes open, no matter where, the sword of Damocles, on your mind, a colossus with feet of clay, burn with shame, utter nonsense, keep your eyes open, not by bread alone, for a week without a year, lead by the nose, pout.
a) A proverb; Achilles' heel; burn incense; rest on your laurels; voice in the wilderness; sword of Damocles; a colossus with feet of clay; not by bread alone.
b) Rub glasses; in hearts; out of hand (bad); at least poke out your eyes; peace and quiet; keep your eyes open; anywhere; canny; burn with shame; utter nonsense; be careful; without a year a week; lead by the nose; pout your lips.
Chemistry is my Achilles heel, I don’t know it well.
It's dark as if you poke your eyes out.
For two weeks now he has been leading me by the nose: he promised to get me the book I needed, but it still hasn’t arrived.
It is better to burn with shame than to keep this secret.
7) Read the popular expressions below, which go back to biblical and evangelical texts, and explain their meaning.
Alpha and Omega. Babel. Eating from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. Voice in the wilderness. Egyptian executions. Golden calf. Stumbling block. Scapegoat. Foundation stone. Manna from heaven. Heavy cross. From the evil one. Deadly sin. Garden and Gomorrah. Salt of the earth. Vanity of vanities and all sorts of vanity. Daily bread.
Answer:
1) Alpha and Omega - means infinity, limitless life, embracing everything and surpassing everything. The basis of everything, the most important thing, the beginning and the end. Alpha and Omega are the names of the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. The expression originated from the Bible. “The words Alpha and Omega signify Christ as God, containing everything, beginningless and infinite: Existing, and first existing, and having no end,” says Andrew of Caesarea.
2) Pandemonium of Babel. Used to mean extreme disorder, turmoil, confusion, neglect of affairs. This expression originated from the biblical myth of Ancient Babylon about attempts to build a tower that was supposed to reach the sky. When the work was completed, the angry God “confused their languages”, people ceased to understand each other, and could not continue the construction (pandemonium - the creation of a pillar, the building of a tower).
3) Eating from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil - acquiring knowledge, comprehending the meaning of various phenomena, gaining life experience. The expression arose from the biblical myth about the tree of the knowledge of good and evil growing in paradise. Adam was forbidden to eat the fruit on pain of death. For disobeying God, Adam and Eve were expelled from paradise.
4) The voice of one crying in the wilderness is a vain call for something, left unheeded and unanswered. Expression from the Bible.
5) Egyptian plagues are cruel, destructive disasters. The expression originated from the Biblical myth of the ten plagues. God overthrew Egypt for Pharaoh’s refusal to free the Jews from captivity: he turned water into blood, sent frogs, midges, plagues, etc.
6) Golden Calf - worship of wealth, the power of gold, money. Based on the biblical story of a calf made of gold. The Jews, wandering in the desert, worshiped him as God.
7) A stumbling block is a difficulty that someone faces in any business, occupation, etc. The expression stumbling block is originally found in the Old Testament in the Book of the Prophet Isaiah. According to the Bible, the stumbling block is a stone laid at the Temple in Jerusalem (Zion). Non-believers stumbled over him.
8) Scapegoat - a person who is constantly blamed on someone else, who is responsible for others. An expression that arose from the description of a special ritual of the ancient Jews, described in the Bible, when human sins were transferred (transferred) to a living goat (donkey), and on the day of absolution the goat was driven into the desert.
9) Cornerstone - the basis, the main idea, something unshakable. In Russian villages, before and now, large stones - “cornerstones” - are placed at the corners of the house.
10) Manna from heaven - something unexpected, rare, valuable. The expression originates from the biblical myth of manna. God sent messages from heaven to the Jews every morning as they went to the Promised Land.
11) A heavy cross is the absurd fate of a person, the difficult trials that life presents to a person. These expressions arose on the basis of the Gospel legend about Jesus carrying the cross on which he was to be crucified.
12) From onion - unnecessary, incorrect, harmful, sinful. Expression from the Gospel. Jesus, forbidding swearing by heaven, earth, by the head of the swearer, said: “But let your word be: yes, yes, no, no, and what is more than this is from the evil one,” i.e. from the devil.
13) Mortal sin - in religious ideas - a sin that cannot be atone for, entails eternal torment in the afterlife; later the expression lost its ecclesiastical character. Currently: a very big human flaw.
14) Garden and Gomorrah - licentiousness, extreme disorder, noise, turmoil. Originated from the biblical myth of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah in ancient Palestine. For the sins of their inhabitants they were destroyed by fiery rain and earthquake.
15) The salt of the earth is the active, important, creative force of the people. An expression from the Gospel, the words of Jesus to his disciples: “You are the salt of the earth.”
16) Vanity of vanities and all kinds of vanity - petty worries, everything insignificant, useless, without true value.
17) Daily bread is vital. An expression from a prayer given in the Gospel: “Give us this day our daily bread,” that is, give us the bread we need for existence this day. In addition to the direct meaning, it is used in the sense: vital.
8) Find distortions in proverbs, sayings, and popular expressions.
1. Live a hundred years, study a hundred years.
Answer: Live and learn.
2. One medicine cures, another makes you sick.
Answer: One medicine heals, another cripples.
3. The less we love a woman, the more she likes us.
Answer: How more woman we love, the less she likes us.
4. Like a cat in oil.
Answer: Like cheese in butter.
5. Water does not flow under a lying stone.
Answer: A rolling stone gathers no moss.
6. Happy people don't notice.
Answer: Happy hours are not observed.
7. Wait for the wind in the field.
Answer: Look for the wind in the field.
9) Replace archaic words and phrases found in business papers with modern ones: what; above-mentioned; on the subject, herewith; please do not refuse; department entrusted to you; in this letter; this attitude; We hereby confirm that; we notify you.
Which - Which.
Above-mentioned - Above-mentioned.
On a subject - With a purpose.
At the same time - At the same time.
Please do not refuse - I am petitioning.
The department entrusted to you is the department that you manage.
In this letter - In this letter.
This relationship - This relationship.
We hereby confirm that - We certify that.
We notify you - We bring it to your attention.
