The plot of Alexander Nevsky brief summary. Brief biography of Alexander Nevsky. Description and portrait of Prince Alexander

Prince Alexander was the son of Grand Duke Yaroslav. His mother's name was Feodosia. Alexander was taller than others, his voice was like a trumpet, and his face was beautiful. He was strong, wise and brave.

A noble man from the Western country named Andreyash specially came to look at Prince Alexander. Returning to his people, Andreyash said that he had never met a person like Alexander.

Hearing about this, the king of the Roman faith from the Midnight Country wanted to conquer the land of Alexander, came to the Neva and sent

Their ambassadors to Novgorod to Alexander with the notification that he, the king, was taking his land captive.

Alexander prayed in the Church of St. Sophia, received a blessing from Bishop Spiridon and went against the enemies with a small squad. Alexander did not even have time to send a message to his father, and many Novgorodians did not have time to join the campaign.

The elder of the land of Izhora, who bore the name Pelugiy (in holy baptism - Philip), Alexander was entrusted with sea patrol. Having scouted out the strength of the enemy army, Pelugius went to meet Alexander to tell him everything. At dawn, Pelugius saw a boat sailing on the sea, and on it the saints

Martyrs Boris and Gleb. They said that they were going to help their relative Alexander.

Having met Alexander, Pelugius told him about the vision. Alexander ordered not to tell anyone about this.

Prince Alexander entered into battle with the Latins and wounded the king himself with a spear. Six warriors especially distinguished themselves in the battle: Tavrilo Oleksich, Sbyslav Yakunovich, Jacob, Misha, Savva and Ratmir.

The corpses of the killed Latins were also found on the other side of the Izhora River, where Alexander’s army could not pass. An angel of God interrupted them. The remaining enemies fled, and the prince returned victorious.

The next year, the Latins again came from the Western Country and built a city on Alexander's land. Alexander immediately razed the city, executed some enemies, took others prisoner, and pardoned others.

In the third year, in winter, Alexander himself went to German soil with a large army. After all, the enemies have already taken the city of Pskov. Alexander liberated Pskov, but many German cities formed an alliance against Alexander.

The battle took place on Lake Peipus. The ice there was covered with blood. Eyewitnesses spoke of the army of God in the air, which helped Alexander.

When the prince returned in victory, the clergy and residents of Pskov solemnly greeted him at the city walls.

The Lithuanians began to ravage the Alexandrov volosts, but Alexander defeated their troops, and from then on they began to fear him.

At that time, there was a strong king in the Eastern country. He sent ambassadors to Alexander and ordered the prince to come to him in the Horde. After the death of his father, Alexander came to Vladimir with a large army. The news of the formidable prince spread across many lands. Alexander, having received a blessing from Bishop Kirill, went to the Horde to see Tsar Batu. He gave him honors and released him.

Tsar Batu was angry with Andrei, the Suzdal prince (Alexander's younger brother), and his governor Nevruy ruined the Suzdal land. After this, Grand Duke Alexander restored the cities and churches.

Ambassadors from the Pope came to Alexander. They said that Pope Alexander had sent two cardinals who would tell him about the law of God. But Alexander replied that the Russians know the law, but do not accept teaching from the Latins.

At that time, the king from the Eastern country forced Christians to go on campaign with him. Alexander came to the Horde to persuade the king not to do this. And he sent his son Dmitry to Western countries. Dmitry took the city of Yuryev and returned to Novgorod.

And Prince Alexander fell ill on the way back from the Horde. He took monasticism before his death, became a schema monk, and died on November 14th.

Alexander's body was carried to the city of Vladimir. The Metropolitan, priests and all the people met him in Bogolyubovo. There were screams and crying.

The prince was laid to rest in the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin. Metropolitan Kirill wanted to unclench Alexander’s hand in order to place the letter in it. But the deceased himself extended his hand and took the letter... The Metropolitan and his housekeeper Sebastian spoke about this miracle.

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Summary of the Tale of the Life of Alexander Nevsky

Entries in any reading diary will allow a student to remember the contents of a book he has ever read. Mainly, it should describe a short plot, dates of main events, and characters. Consider the story “The Life of Alexander Nevsky.” A reader's journal summary must have an outline. It will be easy to understand what the story is about.

"The Life of Alexander Nevsky." Summary. Plan

In order to consistently describe the events of this work, the student will need a plan in which it is necessary to highlight several important points.

2. Description and portrait of Prince Alexander.

3. The prince’s appeal to the Lord for help.

4. Vision.

5. Battles with the Swedes and Germans.

6. Battle on the ice.

7. Death of Alexander.

"The Life of Alexander Nevsky." Summary. Author

The story “The Life of Alexander Nevsky” was created in the 13th century. The author of this unique ancient historical work, most likely, was a monk-scribe of Vladimir Metropolitan Kirill, who came in 1246 from Galician-Volyn Rus. This author claims that he not only knew the prince personally, but also saw his deeds and exploits with his own eyes.

Description and portrait of Prince Alexander

So, let’s turn to the text of the work “The Life of Alexander Nevsky”. The summary can immediately begin with a description of the prince himself, as in the original of this historical story. Alexander was born to a pious princely couple, Yaroslav and Feodosia. He was very handsome, his voice sounded like a trumpet, his face vaguely resembled the courageous face of Joseph, he had frantic strength, like Samson, he was wise, like Solomon, brave, like Vespasian, who conquered the entire land of Judea. So Alexander won and was not defeated.

Having learned about such a ruler, a nobleman named Andreas came to him from the Western country, who, having met him, said: “I have traveled through many countries and have not seen such a king among kings and a prince among princes.”

The prince's appeal to the Lord for help

Rumors about the military valor of Prince Alexander reached the king of the Roman country of the northern lands. And he decided to fight him and moved his huge army, in which he gathered his best warriors and ammunition. Maddened by the beauty of the Novgorod lands, he stopped and sent messengers to the prince with a message to defend himself, for the one who would ruin them had come to his lands.

Alexander, having learned about the impending threat, went to his knees and began to tearfully pray to the Lord for help and protection of his land from foreign enemies. Having cheered up, he said to the squad: “God is not in power, but in righteousness.” Without notifying his father and without waiting for reinforcements from him, having received the blessing of Archbishop Spyridon, he rushed towards the enemy.

This is how “The Life of Alexander Nevsky” continues its narrative. The summary in the reader's diary must necessarily contain the main events from the life of the saint.

Vision

A night guard was sent to those places, led by the brave husband Pelugius. All night he did not close his eyes and suddenly heard the splashing and sound of water, and then he saw a floating boat, and on it stood the holy martyrs Boris and Gleb. They had a decent conversation, and the guard heard: “Brother Gleb, let’s help our relative Alexander!” Pelugy became numb and when he met the prince he told all this. For Alexander this was a great encouragement. And early in the morning the enemy fell. Six brave sons died from Alexander’s regiment: Gavrilo Oleksich, Sbyslav Yakunovich, Yakov, Mesha, Sava and Ratmir.

Their exploits are described in great detail in the story “The Life of Alexander Nevsky.” A summary in a diary can only describe some facts.

Battles with the Swedes and Germans

The next year, uninvited guests from the Western country came again, coveting the wealth and lands of Novgorod. The prince, without thinking twice, went and destroyed their city, hanged some, and had mercy on others out of the kindness of his heart. He won victories one after another, and took the German city of Pskov. He put some Germans behind bars, killed others. But the daring Germans did not forgive him for this and decided to unite. Their army of thousands moved into battle.

Battle on the Ice

Prince Alexander was also ready for battle. His father, Prince Yaroslav, sent him his younger brother Andrei with his brave squad as reinforcement. And they went against their enemies on the Sabbath, and they were covered with a multitude of slain bodies, on one side and on the other. The Russian prince always fought with prayer, which is why he received unexpected help. There were eyewitnesses of how the army of God in the air helped him. And he won this glorious battle, and glorified his people.

Death of Alexander Nevsky

Rus' remained under the yoke of the horde of Khan Batu. Admired by Alexander's victories, he invited him to his place. Having honored him with dignity, he released the prince. But later Batu became angry with his younger brother Alexander and completely destroyed his possessions, the lands of Suzdal. Alexander had to rebuild cities, churches and gather dispersed residents to their homes.

Alexander Nevsky was generous and kind; God filled his land with wealth and glory and extended his days. The priests of Great Rome wanted its people to accept the Catholic faith, but the prince was adamant.

Returning from the Horde, Alexander Nevsky fell ill and, having taken monastic vows, receiving the name Alexey, rested peacefully. He was buried in the city of Vladimir in the Church of the Nativity of the Holy Mother of God.

Before placing the prince’s holy body in the tomb, Metropolitan Kirill and Savastyan the Economist wanted to put a letter in his hand, but the prince himself held out his hand for it, as if alive. They were overcome with confusion. This is how the Lord Jesus Christ Himself glorified His saint.

This is how the historical story “The Life of Alexander Nevsky” ended. A brief summary for school-age children in their reading diary will forever leave an indelible memory of the Great Novgorod Nevsky.

Born on May 13, 1221 in the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky. He was the son of the Pereyaslavl prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. In 1225, according to the decision of his father, initiation into warriors took place in Nevsky’s biography.

In 1228, together with his older brother, he was transported to Novgorod, where they became princes of the Novgorod lands. In 1236, after the departure of Yaroslav, he began to independently defend the lands from the Swedes, Livonians, and Lithuanians.

Personal life

In 1239, Alexander married the daughter of Bryachislav of Polotsk, Alexandra. They had five children - sons: Vasily (1245 - 1271, Prince of Novgorod), Dmitry (1250 - 1294, Prince of Novgorod, Pereyaslavl, Vladimir), Andrey (1255 - 1304, Prince of Kostroma, Vladimir, Novgorod, Gorodets), Daniil ( 1261 – 1303, Moscow prince), as well as daughter Evdokia.

Military activities

The biography of Alexander Nevsky is significant for its many victories. So, in July 1240, the famous Battle of the Neva took place, when Alexander attacked the Swedes on the Neva and won. It was after this battle that the prince received the honorary nickname “Nevsky”.

When the Livonians took Pskov, Tesov, and approached Novgorod, Alexander again defeated the enemies. After this, he attacked the Livonians (German knights) on April 5, 1242 and also won a victory (the famous Battle of the Ice on Lake Peipus).

After the death of his father in 1247, Alexander took over Kyiv and “The Whole Russian Land.” Kyiv at that time was devastated by the Tatars, and Nevsky decided to stay and live in Novgorod.

The prince repelled enemy attacks for 6 years. Then he left Novgorod for Vladimir and began to reign there. At the same time, wars with our western neighbors continued. The prince was assisted in his military campaigns by his sons, Vasily and Dmitry.

Death and legacy

Alexander Nevsky died on November 14, 1263 in Gorodets and was buried in the Nativity Monastery in the city of Vladimir. By order of Peter I, his relics were transferred to the Alexander Nevsky Monastery (St. Petersburg) in 1724.

Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky plays an exceptional role in the history of Rus'. Throughout his entire life, Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky did not lose a single battle. He was considered the favorite prince of the clergy, the patron of the Orthodox Church. He can be briefly described as a talented diplomat, a commander who was able to protect Rus' from many enemies, as well as prevent the campaigns of the Mongol-Tatars.

Nowadays, streets and squares are named after him, monuments have been erected in his honor, and Orthodox churches have been erected in many cities of Russia.

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Biography test

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And a true Christian, Saint Alexander was a brave warrior, a talented commander, a strong defender of the Motherland, a “sorrowful” man of prayer for his native people, “the sun of the Russian land.” He was born on May 30, 1220 in the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky. His father, Yaroslav, in Baptism Theodore (+ 1246), was “a meek, merciful and philanthropic prince.” The mother of Saint Alexander, Theodosia Igorevna, the Ryazan princess, was the third wife of Yaroslav. Saint Alexander was their second son.

The princely tonsure of the youth Alexander (the rite of initiation into a warrior) was performed by Saint Simon, Bishop of Suzdal (+1226; commemorated May 10). From the gracious elder-hierarch Saint Alexander received his first blessing for military service, for the defense of the Russian Church and the Russian land.

From an early age, Saint Alexander accompanied his father on campaigns. In 1236, Yaroslav, leaving for Kyiv, “planted” his son, Saint Alexander, to reign independently in Novgorod. In 1239, Saint Alexander entered into marriage, taking as his wife the daughter of the Polotsk prince Bryachislav, who in Holy Baptism was the namesake of her holy spouse and bore the name Alexandra. Their father, Yaroslav, blessed them at the wedding with the holy, miraculous Theodore Icon of the Mother of God. This icon was constantly with Saint Alexander, as his prayer image, and after his death it was transferred by his brother, Vasily Yaroslavich (+1276), to Kostroma.

The most difficult time in the history of Rus' began: the Mongol hordes were coming from the east, destroying everything in their path, and German knights were advancing from the west. At this terrible hour, by the Providence of God, Saint Prince Alexander, a great prayer warrior, ascetic and builder of the Russian land, stood up to save Rus'.

Taking advantage of Batu's invasion, the destruction of Russian cities, the confusion and grief of the people, the death of their best sons and leaders, hordes of crusaders invaded the borders of the Fatherland.

The proud Swedish prince Birger sent messengers to Novgorod to Saint Alexander: “If you can, resist, I’m already here and capturing your land.”

Saint Alexander, who was not yet 20 years old at the time, prayed for a long time in the Church of Hagia Sophia. And, remembering the psalm of David, he said: “Judge, O Lord, those who offend me and rebuke those who fight with me, accept weapons and shields, stand to help me.” Archbishop Spyridon blessed the holy prince and his army for battle. Coming out of the temple, Saint Alexander strengthened his squad with words filled with faith: “God is not in power, but in truth. Some with weapons, others on horses, but we will call on the Name of the Lord our God!” With a small squad, trusting in the Holy Trinity, the prince hurried towards the enemies.

And there was a wonderful omen: the warrior Pelguy (Philip in Holy Baptism) standing on the sea patrol saw at dawn a boat sailing on the sea, and on it the holy martyrs Boris and Gleb, in scarlet robes. And Boris said: “Brother Gleb, tell us to row, so we can help our relative Alexander.” When Pelguy reported the vision to the arriving prince, Saint Alexander commanded, out of piety, not to tell anyone about the miracle, but, encouraged, with prayer, he courageously led the army against the Swedes. “And there was a great slaughter with the Latins, and he killed countless numbers of them, and he put a seal on the leader’s face with his sharp spear.” The Angel of God invisibly helped the Orthodox army: when morning came, on the other bank of the Izhora River, where the soldiers of St. Alexander could not pass, there were also many killed enemies. For this victory on the Neva River, won on July 15, 1240, the people called Saint Alexander Nevsky.

The German knights remained a dangerous enemy. In 1241, with a lightning campaign, Saint Alexander returned the ancient Russian fortress of Koporye, expelling the knights. But in 1242 the Germans managed to capture Pskov. The enemies boasted of “subjugating the entire Slavic people.” Saint Alexander, setting out on a winter campaign, liberated Pskov, this ancient House of the Holy Trinity, and in the spring of 1242 he gave the Teutonic Order a decisive battle. On April 5, 1242, both armies met on the ice of Lake Peipsi. Raising his hands to heaven, Saint Alexander prayed: “Judge me, O God, and judge my quarrel with the great people, and help me, God, as of old Moses against Amalek and my great-grandfather, Yaroslav the Wise, against the accursed Svyatopolk.” Through his prayer, God's help and feat of arms, the crusaders were completely defeated.

Contemporaries clearly understood the historical significance of the Battle of the Ice: the name of Saint Alexander was glorified throughout Holy Rus', “across all countries, to the Sea of Egypt and to the mountains of Ararat, on both sides of the Varangian Sea and to the great Rome.”

The western borders of the Russian land were securely fenced; the time had come to protect Rus' from the East. In 1242, Saint Alexander Nevsky and his father, Yaroslav, left for the Horde. Metropolitan Kirill blessed them for a new, difficult service: it was necessary to turn the Tatars from enemies and robbers into allies.

The Lord crowned the sacred mission of the defenders of the Russian land with success, but it took years of work and sacrifice. Prince Yaroslav gave his life for this. The alliance bequeathed by his father with the Golden Horde - then necessary to prevent a new defeat of Rus' - continued to be strengthened by Saint Alexander Nevsky. Batu’s son, Sartak, who converted to Christianity and was involved in Russian affairs in the Horde, becomes his friend and brother-in-arms. Promising his support, Saint Alexander gave Batu the opportunity to go on a campaign against Mongolia, to become the main force in the entire Great Steppe, and to place the leader of the Christian Tatars, Khan Mongke, on the throne in Mongolia (most of the Christian Tatars professed Nestorianism).

Not all Russian princes had the foresight of Saint Alexander. In 1252, many Russian cities rebelled against the Tatar yoke, supporting Andrei Yaroslavich. The situation was very dangerous. Once again a threat arose to the very existence of Rus'. Saint Alexander had to go to the Horde again to ward off the punitive invasion of the Tatars from the Russian lands. Broken, Andrei fled to Sweden.

Saint Alexander became the autocratic Grand Duke of all Rus': Vladimir, Kyiv and Novgorod. A huge responsibility before God and history fell on his shoulders. In 1253 he repelled a new German raid on Pskov, in 1254 he concluded an agreement on peaceful borders with Norway, and in 1256 he went on a campaign to the Finnish land. The chronicler called it a “dark march,” because the Russian army marched through the polar night. Into the darkness of paganism, Saint Alexander brought the light of the Gospel preaching and Orthodox culture. All of Pomerania was enlightened and mastered by the Russians.

In 1256, Khan Batu died, and soon his son Sartak, brother-in-arms of Alexander Nevsky, was poisoned. The Holy Prince went for the third time to Sarai, the capital of the Golden Horde, to confirm the peaceful relations of Rus' and the Horde with the new Khan Berke. In 1261, through the efforts of Saint Alexander and Metropolitan Kirill, a diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church was established in Sarai, the capital of the Golden Horde. The era of the great Christianization of the pagan East had come; this was the historical vocation of Rus', prophetically guessed by Saint Alexander Nevsky. The holy prince used every opportunity to facilitate the lot of the cross for his native land.

In 1262, Tatar tribute collectors and warrior recruiters, the Baskaks, were killed in many Russian cities. They were waiting for Tatar revenge. But the great defender of the people again went to the Horde and wisely directed events in a different direction: citing the Russian uprising, Khan Berke stopped sending tribute to Mongolia and proclaimed the Golden Horde an independent state.

Rus' was saved, Saint Alexander’s duty to God was fulfilled, his life was dedicated to the service of the Russian Church, but all his strength was given. On the way back from the Horde, Saint Alexander fell mortally ill. Before reaching Vladimir, in Gorodets, in the Feodorovsky monastery, the ascetic prince gave up his spirit to the Lord on November 14, 1263, completing the difficult journey of life by accepting the schema with the name Alexy.

Metropolitan Kirill, spiritual father and companion in the ministry of the holy prince, said in his funeral homily: “Know, my child, that the sun has already set on the land of Suzdal. There will no longer be such a prince in the Russian land.” The remains of the holy prince were carried to Vladimir; The journey lasted nine days, and the body remained incorruptible.

On November 23, during his burial in the Nativity Monastery in Vladimir, God revealed “a miracle wonderful and worthy of memory.” When the body of Saint Alexander was laid in the shrine, Metropolitan Kirill and the steward Sebastian wanted to open his hand in order to enclose a parting spiritual letter. The holy prince, as if alive, himself stretched out his hand and took the letter from the hands of the metropolitan. “And horror seized them, and they barely retreated from his tomb. Who wouldn’t be surprised if he was dead and the body was brought from afar in the winter.” Thus God glorified his saint, the holy warrior-prince Alexander. The church-wide glorification of Saint Alexander Nevsky took place under Metropolitan Macarius at the Moscow Council of 1547. The canon to the saint was compiled at the same time by the Vladimir monk Mikhail.