Every student needs to know the analysis of an adjective as a part of speech. It is known that this part of speech adds additional emotional and colorful shades to our speech, making it richer and more intense. This analysis begins to be studied in the elementary grades, but over time the scheme becomes more complex, and this allows for a more detailed analysis and analysis.
Instructions for parsing
In order to correctly perform morphological analysis, you need to know its outline and instructions on how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. For example, define a part of speech, and then indicate its morphological features and function in a sentence.
Analysis plan:
- Determine and prove which part of speech this specified word belongs to.
- Write down the initial form of this word given for parsing.
- Indicate the constant morphological features of the given word.
- Indicate inconsistent grammatical features.
- Syntactic role of a given word.
Any morphological analysis always begins with determining the part of speech of the word being analyzed. If it is an adjective, then it must be indicated. It is worth remembering that this is an independent or significant part of speech, which necessarily denotes some attribute of the subject. Here you can ask a question that will prove that this word being analyzed is an adjective. Such words for analysis answer the following questions: which one? which? which?, and also whose? what? what? what are they?
After determining the part of speech, the parsed word must be put into initial form. For an adjective, the initial form is the given word, which must be written in the masculine gender and singular.
The next step in the analysis is to determine its grammatical features. Typically, analysis begins with constant features, which include ranks by value, and if qualitative, then, accordingly, the degree of comparison.
Places by value which are known to every schoolchild and which can be found in school textbooks:
- High quality.
- Relative.
- Possessive.
Relative indicate the material from which the object is made, the place or time. For example, a straw hat is a hat made of straw, spring rain is rain that falls in the spring, a school site is the site that belongs to the school.
Possessives denote belonging to someone or something. Such words usually answer the question “whose?” For example, a fox's tail is a tail that belonged to a fox, a sister's scarf is a sister's scarf.
Quality give characteristics of the object, describe its appearance and color. For example, a thin pencil, blue ribbon. Qualitative forms two degrees of comparison:
- Excellent.
- Comparative.
Superlative necessarily has two forms: simple and compound. The first is formed according to the following scheme: an adjective in the initial form + -eysh or -aysh, which are suffixes. For example, excellent - most excellent. The compound form is formed from the name of the adjective in the initial form by adding the words: most, most, least, all, everything. For example, the tallest, above all.
comparative It also has two forms: simple and compound. The simple form is formed by adding to this part of speech, which must be in the initial form, such suffixes as -ey, -ee, -e, -she. For example, angry is angrier. The compound form is formed by adding words such as more or less to the adjective that is in the initial form. For example, kinder, less evil. If the adjective is qualitative, then its form should be determined: short or full. The short form of qualitative ones is formed by truncating the ending. For example, low is low, low is low, low is low, low is low.
To determine non-constant characteristics, it is worth finding in the text or sentence the noun to which it refers. It is known that an adjective agrees with a noun in several ways, which change. Non-permanent signs are:
- Number.
- Case.
The syntactic function of the word being parsed is indicated at the last stage. Most often, an adjective is a modifier, but less often it can be part of a compound nominal predicate. For example, a long (definition) table stood in the middle of the room. The girl was beautiful (compound noun predicate).
Example of morphological analysis
I. Short (tail) – adjective. The word "short" denotes a characteristic of an object. The tail (what?) is short.
N. f. - short.
II. Morphological features of the word “short”.
Constant signs: qualitative, comparative degree, full form.
Variable signs: masculine(which), singular (one), nominative (what? short tail).
III. The tail (what?) is short (definition).
Morphological analysis allows you to improve grammatical word analysis skills. Before starting this type of work, it is necessary to study the grammatical characteristics of this part of speech.
It is always worth remembering that you can only parse adjectives if they are given in a sentence, since it is impossible to correctly analyze the specified word without context.
During morphological analysis, the specified word, which is most often highlighted with the number “3,” is written out from the text without changing it. If it is used with a preposition, then they are written out together, if the preposition also refers to an adjective. If the preposition refers to a noun or another part of speech, then it should not be written out. It will not be difficult to carry out such an analysis by studying the grammatical features of the adjective.
Video
This video contains a sample of oral morphological analysis of an adjective.
GAPOU SO "Saratov Regional Pedagogical College"
Russian language lesson
on the topic of:
Saratov 2015
Lesson summary
Russian language in 4th "A" class on the topic:
“Analysis of an adjective as a part of speech”
Subject“Analysis of an adjective as a part of speech”
Target:
Develop the ability to parse adjectives as parts of speech
UUD:
Cognitive: attributing objects to known concepts; building a logical chain of reasoning, proof; ability to use reference literature;
Communicative: verbal display of the content of the actions performed, transfer of mental actions and concepts to the internal plane;
Regulatory: determining the purpose of educational activities; recording the discrepancy between the result of the activity and the regulatory requirement;
Personal: responsible attitude towards learning.
Equipment:
Presentation, textbook.
Basic concepts:
Adjective; noun.
Interdisciplinary connections:
Russian language
Resources
Basic:
Additional:
L. F. Klimanova, L. A. Vinogradskaya, V. G. Goretsky. Russian language: Textbook for grade 4: In 2 parts - Moscow: Prosveshchenie Publishing House, 2012. Part 2
Presentation
Organization of space
Frontal.
I. Organizational moment( 5 minutes)
- Let's check if everyone is ready for the lesson. Ready? Well done. Let's smile at each other. Okay, sit down.
- Hello, my name is Ekaterina Igorevna and today I will give you a Russian language lesson.
Students check their readiness for the lesson.
II.Updating knowledge.
(7 min)
1. Spelling minute.
BUT DO CHKA PE BELO LEN TO MO CHO
Guys, look, our words are scattered, I’ll read a poem now, and you listen carefully and then tell me what our task is.
Look what happened -
So the words scattered
What makes it difficult to recognize them now -
What and who? Where? Oh!
Maybe it will work again
Should we take the words back?
So, what is our task?(make up words)
What words did you get??(milk, night, daughter, stove, squirrel, ribbon, lobe, dot)
What do these words have in common?(letter combinations that are written without b- soft sign)
What other letter combinations are written without ъ?(chn, schn, nsch, nch)
Open your notebooks and write down the number.
I will dictate words to you, you will write them down and underline the letter combinations. (One student works at the board)
Powerful, precision, of course, assistant, deceiver, bathhouse attendant, fan, tip.
Which word is missing?(Fan) Why?(spelled with ь)
2.Work using cards.
Replace with a word with an unpronounceable consonant.
Dishonest(unscrupulous) who loves to command(overbearing) , sad(sad) , constantly envious(envious) , famous(famous) capable of causing harm(dangerous), not written(oral ), people of the same age(peers).
What word might be superfluous?(dangerous - no unpronounceable consonant)
The teachers are listening.
Listen to a poem.
Answer questions.
They open their notebooks.
Write down the words.
Answer questions.
Complete the task using the cards.
Ι II .Self-determination for activity.
( 5 minutes)
Find the adjective among the written words on the board.(powerful)
Describe the word as a part of speech.
Answer questions.
Read the topic of the lesson, formulate the purpose of the lesson.
Formulate the purpose of the lesson.
I V. Work on the topic of the lesson.
(10 min)
How do adjectives change? (by gender (singular only), numbers and cases - number, gender and case depend on the nounto which the adjective refers.)
Work according to the textbook.
Read on page 66 how Anya performed the analysis.
How did she determine the gender, number and case of an adjective?(Anya only parsed the adjective; it needs a dependent noun)
This means that when parsing an adjective, it must be written down together with the noun on which it depends.
See how the analysis is done.Exercise 113 p.66
Find errors in parsing adjectives. Let's fix them.
Do the proper analysis.
Turn to exercise 114 on page 67. Read the assignment.
Find the phrase “adj.+noun.”(white house, wonderful house, living miracle, warm miracle, fluffy miracle, golden miracle)
We parse the first 2 words frontally, the rest independently.
Answer questions.
Working with a textbook.
Answer questions.
Do the exercise.
V. Dynamic pause.
VI. Consolidation of the studied material.
(10 min)
What kind of bird?
It's a beautiful winter day. It's light frost outside. The snow sparkles under the rays of the bright sun. A lovely bird sits on a thorny branch of a Christmas tree. I want to take a better look at her. Gorgeous! She has a black cap on her head. She tied a tie around her short neck. The back, wings and tail are yellow. And what a bright breast! Like a bird in a yellow vest. The bird's beak is thin. She flew up to my window. The nimble bird feasted on delicious lard and sang a joyful song: si-si-si. Did you guess it? This…
Let's read the text.
Underline the adjectives and nouns on which they depend.
Sort out adjectives in phrasesbright sun, on a thorny branch, on a short neck as part of speech.
Examination.
Turn to exercise 115 on page 67. Read the assignment.
After completing the exercise. 115 sums it up.
What is a noun?( Noun - a part of speech that denotes an object and answers the questions who? What?)
What is an adjective?( Name adjective - an independent part of speech denoting property of an object and answering the question “which”, “which”, “which”, “whose”. )
How are they similar?( these are independent parts of speech ) . What is the difference?( they answer different questions - noun. Who? What?, adj. Which? Which? Which? Noun Denote an object, and adj. indicate a sign )
Read the text.
Parse adjectives as parts of speech.
Check the completed task.
Read the assignment.
Answer questions.
VII. Reflection.
(5 minutes)
Read the poem. Write out the phrases “adj. + noun” from the text, sort out the adjectives.
"Kiskino grief"
Pussy is crying in the corridor.
She has
Great sorrow:
Poor Pussy
Do not give
Steal
Sausages!
B.Zakhoder
Read a poem. They analyze the adjective.
VIII .Summarizing.
(2 minutes)
What did we review in class?
What difficulties did you experience while completing the tasks?
What can you praise yourself for?
Answer questions.
IX.Homework.
Write down homework in a diary.
Adjective parsing plan
| I | Part of speech, general grammatical meaning and question. | ||
| II | Initial form (masculine, singular, nominative case). Morphological characteristics: | ||
| A | Constant morphological characteristics: rank by meaning (qualitative, relative, possessive). | ||
| B | Variable morphological characteristics: | ||
| 1 | only for qualitative adjectives: | ||
| a) degree of comparison (positive, comparative, superlative); b) full or short form; |
|||
| 2 | number, gender (singular), case. | ||
| III | Role in sentence(which part of the sentence is the adjective in this sentence). | ||
Examples of parsing adjectives
After swimming we lay on the sand hot from the southern sun(Nagibin).
(On the) hot (sand)
- Adjective; denotes an attribute of an object, answers a question (on the sand) which one?
- N. f. - hot.
hot) and short form ( hot);
B) Variable morphological features: used in the positive degree, in the full form, in the singular, masculine gender, prepositional case.
(From) southern (sun)
- Adjective; denotes a sign of an object, answers a question (from the sun) which one?
- N. f. - southern.
A) Constant morphological characteristics: relative adjective;
B) Variable morphological features: used in the singular, neuter gender, genitive case. - In a sentence it serves as a definition.
Bulgaria is a good country, but Russia is the best(Isakovsky).
good
- Adjective; denotes a feature of an object, answers a question (country) what?
- N. f. - good.
A) Constant morphological characteristics: qualitative adjective; there are degrees of comparison ( better) and short form ( good);
B) Variable morphological features: used in the positive degree, in a short form, in the singular, feminine gender.
better
- Adjective; denotes a feature of an object, answers a question (Russia) what?
- N. f. - good.
A) Constant morphological features: qualitative adjective; quality adjective; there are degrees of comparison ( better), short form ( good);
B) Variable morphological characteristics: used in a comparative degree (simple form). - In a sentence it serves as the nominal part of the predicate.
Without responding to his sister’s words, Nikifor shrugged and shrugged his shoulders(Melnikov-Pechersky).
(on the) sisters (words)
- Adjective; denotes a feature of an object, answers a question (in words) whose?
- N. f. - sisters.
A) Constant morphological features: possessive adjective;
B) Variable morphological characteristics: used in plural, accusative case. - In a sentence it serves as a definition.
Exercise for the topic “3.3.4. Morphological analysis of adjectives"
- 3.3.1. The concept of an adjective. Morphological features of adjectives. Classes of adjectives
Mandatory part school curriculum in the Russian language is morphological analysis of other parts of speech. Students begin to get acquainted with him as early as primary school, and up to high school, such tasks are often encountered.
Definition
Morphological analysis is a determination of which part of speech the lexical unit in question belongs to and a description of its main features.
This type of task presents a certain difficulty for schoolchildren for a number of reasons:
- Lack of clear ideas about parts of speech or complete/partial ignorance of how one part of speech differs from another.
- The need to remember a large volume of morphological features associated with each part of speech.
- In addition to morphology, it is necessary to determine also the syntactic role of a word in a sentence, since this requires knowledge about the members of the sentence, which children often confuse with parts of speech.
Thus, this is a universal tool for training several fairly extensive sections of the theory of the Russian language, so they do not refuse it, even despite its too scientific nature and complete lack of demand in later life.
What is morphology
The advantages of this task are easy to see in any example.
For characteristics according to morphological characteristics you will need:
- determine conjugation;
- name the species;
- indicate a reflexive verb or non-reflexive;
- mood;
- determine the number (at any time);
- if necessary, name the time, person and gender;
- characterize the syntactic role in the sentence.
In other words, you need to know everything about the verb, its types, conjugations, and moods.
Morphological analysis is a unique synthetic task that trains all topics at the same time. It easily allows you to identify gaps in a student’s knowledge and indicates which topic was at one time understudied or forgotten.
The system of teaching the Russian language in our country is based on the gradual complication of the material and the expansion of already formed ideas about the parts of speech.
Thus, in elementary school, children learn what a noun, verb, and adjective are, what questions each of these parts of speech answers, and what their role is in a sentence. Over the course of several years, these themes have been firmly established and honed. At the same time, children learn about conjugations and declensions and learn to correctly identify them. And only after that they begin to teach how to do a morphological analysis.
Elements of it can be introduced as early as 4th grade. What is morphological analysis of a word? Grade 5 begins to study and perform in a full manner. In 6th grade, children are introduced to the analysis of adjectives, verbs, numerals, and pronouns. Participles and gerunds, as well as adverbs and functional parts of speech are studied in the 7th grade.
Important! Morphological analysis of adverbs and other parts of speech is not difficult only for those students who have well mastered all the material relating to this or that part of speech.
Obviously, if a student does not understand what moods are and how they differ from each other, then he will not be able to conduct a high-quality and error-free analysis of the verb. In this case, it is recommended to turn again to those chapters of the textbook where these topics were covered.
Below is a table of independent parts of speech of the Russian language.
| Which question does it answer? | Initial form | Constant signs | Variable signs | Syntactic role |
| Noun | ||||
| Who? What? (and all possible case forms) | Nominative case singular numbers | Proper or common noun; animate or inanimate; gender (except for nouns that have only a plural form); declination. | Case, number | In a sentence it is the subject or object. Sometimes it can be predicate. |
| Adjective | ||||
| Which? What? (and variations in gender and number) | Nominative case singular h. husband sort of | Discharge (qualitative, relative, possessive). | Case; number; gender (in units); for qualitative ones, in addition: degree of comparison; form (short or long). | In a sentence it is a definition. Can act as a predicate. |
| Verb | ||||
| What to do? What to do? (variations in time and gender and number) | Infinitive (answers the question What to do? or What to do?) | View; conjugation; repayment; transitivity. | Mood; units or plural; time, person and gender (indicated if available) | It is a predicate in a sentence. Rarely can act as a subject. |
| Numeral | ||||
| How many? Which one is in order? | Nominative | Simple or compound; quantitative or ordinal; for quantitative ones, indicate the whole, fractional or collective. | Case; number and gender (if available) | Often refers to a noun and is one part of a sentence with it. Can act as a subject, predicate, definition. |
| Pronoun | ||||
| Who? What? Which? Where? How many? Where? | Nominative case singular numbers. | Discharge; face (personal) | Case; number and gender (if any) | Can act as a subject, predicate, definition, circumstance, addition. |
| Participle | ||||
| Which? What? (and variations by gender and number) | Nominative case singular husband's numbers gender (indicate from which verb it is formed) | Active or passive; time; view; repayment. | Number; genus (in units); For passive participles indicate the form (full or short); for complete ones, indicate the case. | In a sentence it is a modifier or predicate. Can act as subject or object. |
| Participle | ||||
| Doing what? What did you do? | No (indicate the verb from which it is derived) | Type (perfect or imperfect), recurrence, immutability. | ||
| Adverb | ||||
| Where? Where? When? Where? Why? For what? How? | No | Rank by meaning (adverb of place, time or manner of action); immutability; degree of comparison (if any). | In a sentence it is a circumstance | |
Below we indicate what you should pay attention to in each case. Morphological analysis of a noun requires a thorough knowledge of declensions and cases. This is where children most often make mistakes.
Note! In the Russian language there are differently indeclinable nouns (flame, banner), which should be written about this way, indicating the declension.
Some difficulties may arise with determining the number of some nouns. We remember that collective nouns in the Russian language (rags, detvora) always have only a singular form and cannot change in numbers or be combined with cardinal numerals (you cannot say - two rags, students). It is also useful to remember the general gender of nouns (quiet, simpleton...) and not pay attention to the ending –ya, hastily indicating the feminine gender.
Let's look at an example: "By yard a small dog walked decorously.”
- Around the yard (for what?) - noun.
- Beginning f. - "yard". Fast. signs: nat., inanimate, m.r., 2nd class. Non-post. signs: Dat. p., units
- Around the yard.
Morphological analysis of an adjective is unthinkable without knowledge of categories. You should work on this until the child can immediately name which adjective is in front of him.
Verbal adjectives deserve special attention, which differ from participles in the absence of prefixes and the writing of only one N in the suffix (knitted, boiled). They are often (but not always) relative adjectives.
Useful video: morphological analysis of a noun
Example of morphological analysis of an adjective
“She walked decorously around the yard small little dog"
- Small (what?) - adjective.
- Head.f. - “small”. Fast. signs: qualities. Non-post. signs: complete, Im.p., singular female
- Small.
When performing morphological analysis of a verb, you should remember the exceptions to the rule about conjugations and be able to determine the transitivity/intransitivity of verbs.
When completing a task for a participle or gerund, students often make the following mistake: they replace the type of verb from which the participle is formed. For example: left - formed from the perfect verb “to leave” (and not “to leave” or “to go” - imperfect form). To avoid such mistakes, it is important to ask the question not “Which one?” What?”, and “What did you do? What did she do? and so on. (not quite in Russian, but it eliminates problems with identifying the species).
Morphological analysis of the adjective
If it is not entirely clear how to parse participles, we advise you to consider the example below.
“I was awakened by sounds coming from the street through the open window.”
- Those who hear (what are they doing?) - participle. Derived from the verb “to hear.”
- Head.f. - “reaching.” Fast. signs: valid, present, not current, return. Non-post. signs: plural
- Reaching.
Morphological analysis causes the least problems. Since this is an unchangeable part of speech, it is only important to correctly indicate the digit by value. These categories must be learned by heart.
Sample:
"Around the yard decorously a small dog was pacing"
- Decorously (how?) - adverb.
- Sign of action; unism.
- Chinno.
IN Lately Various electronic support services have become available. So, you can do a morphological analysis of a word online, but for this you need to visit professional and trusted pages. In addition, it is better to complete the task yourself first, and use the Internet as a checking authority.
All schoolchildren know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. Without it, our speech would be pale and boring. The kind of imagery and colorfulness that it gives to our language cannot be replaced by any part of speech. We will look in more detail at how to correctly perform the so-called in this article.
Features of the full form
There are permanent and non-permanent signs. Let's start with the first ones. An adjective has only one constant feature - categorization. As you know, there are only three of them:
- Qualitative - describe the appearance of objects, characteristics, color. They stand out from others because they can be compared in degrees. (Positive - low, comparative - lower, superior - the lowest).
- Relative - indicate place, material, time ( brick garage - brick garage; autumn the weather is the kind that can only happen in autumn).
- Possessives are the only group that answers the question “whose?” and denoting belonging to someone ( paternal character, squirrel tail).
It is not difficult to determine the category. You just have to understand the meaning of the word and ask the right question.
The non-constant characteristics include gender (masculine and feminine), case (six of them, like nouns) and number (singular or plural).
A special category here is made up of qualitative ones, since only in them the degree and presence of a short form are still determined. If you study this plan thoroughly, you will know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech.
What does "short" mean?
A participle and an adjective can form a short form. It appears as a result of truncation of the ending: beautiful (full adjective) - beautiful (short adjective), well-groomed (full adjective) - well-groomed (short adjective).
They differ from full forms not only in syntactic functions, but also in spelling features. as a part of speech it has its own “zest”. For example, in a sentence it is never a complete definition. The short form of both the participle and the adjective always plays a more important role: it is the predicate or, more often, part of it. (The girl was smart.)
It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of these forms. In full participles, two letters N are always written in the suffix, and in short participles - one. With an adjective, the situation is different: in the short form we will write as many N as we will use in the full version.
In order to know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech, you need to take into account all its subtleties and features. The short form should be distinguished from the full form and in no case should it be confused with the participle.
Bottom line
An adjective is a special part of speech. Thanks to him, any of us will be able to colorfully convey our emotions, accurately describe the necessary object or its location. IN short forms it not only denotes any attribute, but also gives dynamism to the text.
Now you know everything about how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. Using our simple recommendations, you will cope with the task without difficulty!
