Psychology of self-defense. Methods of psychological self-defense (coping). Algorithm of civilized confrontation

I will touch on the important topic of women's self-defense when confronted with an aggressor. As a girl, it is difficult to step over the female role implanted by society. Be gentle, beautiful, sensual and pliable. Excellent qualities, but when faced with aggression they only make the situation worse. Because we are weaker, we cannot physically fight back men and fall into a stupor. At the same time, we lose the last opportunity to somehow influence the situation with the help of psychological techniques.

We have lived our entire lives in a society where a strong display of emotions is considered a weakness, because a person must be able to tightly control his feelings. If the emotional volcano suddenly erupts, then the person receives unflattering nicknames “weak”, “spineless” or even “sick”. We prefer to ignore and suppress strong emotions, both in ourselves and in other people.

This is why we get lost when meeting a real aggressor, become petrified and fall into a stupor. Thus, we deprive ourselves of the last opportunity to resist. At school they don't tell us what to do when meeting a rapist or murderer, and we waste precious seconds. Although there are effective psychological methods stop a person, even if only for a couple of seconds.

Break pattern

According to Erickson, “pattern breaking” is a technique for putting a person into a shock trance by purposefully interrupting an automated action. The second way to break the pattern is through mixing tactics. For example, instructions are given at a fast pace that are mutually exclusive and impossible to follow.

In other words, you need to go against the expected reaction. What behavior does a rapist expect from his victim? Tears and fear, perhaps even physical resistance, that’s what he’s counting on. The first thing a woman needs to do is to disgust herself and not be afraid for her attractiveness.

From theory to practice

Now I will name a few cases from real life my friends, others are taken from forums. All situations clearly demonstrate the power of such psychological tricks. Living people told me, believe me, it worked.

Girlfriend imitated an epileptic attack, when an aggressive man squeezed her at the entrance and had already lifted her skirt. She discovered her acting abilities suddenly, out of fear. She rolled her eyes, began to foam and jerked convulsively, lying on the floor. The aggressor believed, got scared and, apparently, so as not to get his hands dirty, ran away. The girl herself doesn’t know how she came up with such an idea, but it worked effectively.

With the same effect, you can wet yourself, pretend to be mentally retarded, pull out your tongue, blow foam, make terrible grimaces, or even induce vomiting. Everything you can think of and have always been embarrassed to do in public under the pretext “it kills my beauty.” Do everything to kill the sexual desire and attraction of the rapist.

Don't cry, don't be afraid, don't ask

Another story from Internet forums. The girl was returning from work late and had to walk through a dark alley. There a man attacked her, grabbed her and immediately threw her to the ground. There was nowhere to wait for help and the girl did a very unusual thing, she intuitively started stroking his head and back. The man began shouting obscene words, apparently blaming some woman who had offended him in his heart. He burst into tears and disappeared without doing anything.

This is the same as telling a rapist “finally, I’ve been waiting for this for so long and smiling sincerely.” What aggressor would not be surprised to hear cries of “Hurray” in his honor? And then, lo and behold, the savior neighbors will have time to appear. A few seconds gained can save the situation, so it’s worth using any possible means.

Aggressor you can try to scare away. For example, say: “They are meeting me, and now there will be people here” or “I have the cops on my tail.” Pretend that you have already dialed 112, shout “Fire” or throw stones at the windows of nearby houses. Even cold water in face also sometimes works and gives time to dodge and run away. The minimum task is to avoid dark alleys at night and remember to carry a gas spray and a stun gun. Caution and unusual behavior can help a woman avoid an attack by an aggressor.

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One of the means of protecting an individual’s mental health is psychological self-defense. Psychological self-preservation in tense and traumatic situations is mainly carried out at the subconscious level. But there are also targeted ways and techniques of psychological self-defense of the individual from.

The founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, began to thoroughly study this topic. He wrote that the term “psychological defense” is introduced to generally refer to all the techniques that a person uses to save himself from neuroses.

In the modern understanding, psychological protection is a psychoregulatory system of personality stabilization that minimizes the consequences of traumatic and uncomfortable influences.

There are a lot of psychological defenses and their classifications, and even the substantive definitions may be different.

Let's consider the most basic and common methods of psychological protection of the individual.

Each of us does not use all the methods in tense situations, we choose the psychological defense that is more suitable for us and the situation; we can say more that each of the psychotypes chooses a certain way protection.

1. Repression - suppression of traumatic or personally unacceptable influences in the consciousness, removal from consciousness of everything that causes anxiety. Some negative qualities of a person that are not recognized by him may also be subject to repression. For example, as a child, a boy was bitten very badly by a dog; as he grew up, he became afraid of these animals, but does not remember why - “I’m just afraid, that’s all!”

2. Identification - likening a person, a representative of an elite group, using his behavior techniques, copying his manners.

3. Rationalization is a logical explanation of “defects” of unattainable goals, self-justification of dubious actions. Rationalization is used by a person to escape from feelings, or to maintain his status, so as not to “fall face down in the mud.” Freud wrote that this method of defense is most often characteristic of schizoid individuals, as well as. A famous example of rationalization is the fable “The Fox and the Grapes.” The fox can't get the grapes and retreats, rationalizing that the grapes are "green." As we see from this example, rationalization can be very useful and objectively beneficial. But it can also bring problems, for example, when a person explains his destructive behavior that this is necessary and this is correct.

4. Denial - a person’s rejection of everything that is not acceptable to him, which also causes anxiety. Children love this method of protection, for example, when they hide under the blanket and as if evil monsters will not be able to find and catch them there. People who lose loved ones due to their death often say they don't believe it, they don't want to accept the fact that their loved one has died - it's all denial.

5. Sublimation - the transfer of mental energy (libido) from instincts unacceptable to the individual to socially acceptable forms of behavior. For example, the sublimation of aggression into sports, or into religion.

6. Projection - the subconscious attribution of one’s personal qualities and value orientations to other people. Predicting the behavior of other people using your models. Reducing the level of anxiety and guilt by identifying in people the corresponding behavioral defects in other people.

7. Reactive transformation - replacing unfulfilled desires with opposite actions. For example, tugging at the pigtails of a girl he likes is replaced by hatred for her because she does not share his love.

8. Compensation and hypercompensation - the special meaning of these terms is approximately the same as what ordinary consciousness puts into them: overcoming and compensating for one’s shortcomings while developing partially preserved functions in the affected area (hypercompensation) or intensively developing one’s abilities in another, unaffected area (compensation). An example of overcompensation is a man confined to a wheelchair, but at the same time a good basketball player. An example of compensation - a girl track and field athlete broke her leg, doctors forbade her to continue playing sports, she compensated for this by becoming an athletics coach. More complex example compensation - a person is impolite and aggressive towards people, criticizes on any occasion, but, realizing his behavior, does not admit it, and unconsciously tries to compensate with very increased politeness, tries to be an ideal person.

9. Regression - a return to previously experienced primitive forms of behavior, the development of dependent behavior, its infantilization. For example, a twenty-five-year-old girl was denied her request, but she, in turn, reacted like this: she pouted and cried.

This article does not describe all types of psychological self-defense. Learn more about how to learn to understand people, what opportunities open up for those who study profiling, as well as how it works human body and how, with the help of its signals and signs, you can determine the truth of words and behavior, you can from the materials.

Most of those reading this are probably familiar with the concept of shielding as a form of psychic self-defense. If not, then shielding essentially involves creating a barrier of energy around oneself, either to block outside energy or to conserve one's own energy. Shielding works very well in terms of protecting you from harmful energy, but you should also be aware that this method has a number of disadvantages, for example, the shield does not protect well from attempts to consume your energy. This disadvantage occurs because the shield is formed directly from your energy, and everyone can feast on the shield itself. It is somewhat like a wooden fort built to protect against a swarm of termites. I would like to briefly talk about some alternative methods of protecting yourself from external forces trying to drain your energy. It should be noted that there is no absolutely foolproof way to protect your spirit, just as there is no absolutely foolproof way to protect your body. The methods I have described will simply complicate the process of absorbing your energy.

Aura retraction:

This method is based on the same principles as the turtle's ability to retract its body into its shell. You will draw your aura into your body, using it as a shell to protect your spirit.

Start the exercise in any position that is comfortable for you. We are all different, and I believe it will be more effective if you personally find out what works best for you. After preparations, begin by using visualization to “draw in” your aura. In relation to your limbs, imagine your aura contracting in your body; reduce its border, starting from the surface of the skin and moving it closer to your bones. Ideally, you want your spirit to be somewhat of a stick in these areas. For your torso and head, I find it best to try to draw/squeeze your energy into the chakras. In my personal experience: The arms and legs are more suitable for compressing energy towards the center line. It's like crushing clay. And in the case of the torso, I feel that it is better to concentrate the energy in the chakras, like magnets attracting iron filings each to itself. I usually try to match the process with my breathing. For the limbs, I usually exhale as I draw the energy closer to the bones, and for the head and torso, I inhale as I draw the energy into the chakras.

I find that this method usually helps defend against something/someone attacking or siphoning your energy, plus I believe that since you are no longer emitting as much energy as before, it makes you much less noticeable to malicious astral beings. A word of caution: even if you don't usually see your aura, you will most likely be able to notice its absence when you look in the mirror. The first time I used this technique, I was somewhat disturbed by the fact that my reflection was inexplicably "dead". This happened because my aura was not visible. So don't be alarmed if something like this happens to you.

Aura hardening:

This method is almost the opposite of the method mentioned above. This method involves compressing your energy not to the center of the body, but concentrating it on the surface, creating a kind of “spiritual armor”.

Prepare everything in the most convenient way for you and get ready to use visualization. You can start with any part of the body you want. I find it helpful to think of some kind of hard/durable substance/material and associate the strength of your defense with that. Many may find it helpful while shaping their aura to look at a photograph of themselves wearing medieval armor. Imagining things like iron or stone is also good, and it will work just as well. Personally, I use/imagine forged steel to facilitate this visualization. Whatever you choose, simply begin by visualizing and feeling the surface of your aura, condensing it to the strength of your chosen material. Feel the aura around your arms, legs, chest, head, etc., strengthen it to form your psychic armor and continue this until you are completely protected by this shell. Remember you don't shape normal screen, so your armor shouldn't extend further than your aura normally would. I believe this method naturally pulls energy to the surface of your aura, and I have never needed to do anything special to redirect my energy to the surface. I can't speak for everyone, so this may or may not help you push your energy to the surface.

I think this method is best used when there is no need to be invisible, for example, if you are physically exhausted or through some astral being that constantly bothers you, it will be useful. There is no 100% guarantee of your safety, since there may be things/creatures strong enough to feed from you, no matter how carefully you defend yourself. But there is no doubt that this method makes your energy denser and makes it more difficult to steal. It's kind of like the difference between sucking water or molasses through a straw: the latter will be much more difficult to do due to the density of the substance.

In any case, I hope that the methods given here will help at least a few people who read this article. And I hope that this will expand the repertoire of techniques for those who believe shielding is their only line of defense against astral predators.

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The defense mechanisms of the human psyche are aimed at reducing negative and traumatic experiences and manifest themselves at the unconscious level. This term was coined by Sigmund Freud , and then more deeply developed by his students and followers, most notably Anna Freud. Let's try to figure out when these mechanisms are useful, and in what cases they hinder our development and better respond and act consciously.

website will tell you about 9 main types of psychological defense that are important to realize in time. This is exactly what the psychotherapist does most of the time in his office - he helps the client understand the defense mechanisms that limit his freedom, spontaneity of response, and distort interaction with people around him.

1. Displacement

Repression is the removal of unpleasant experiences from consciousness. It manifests itself in forgetting what causes psychological discomfort. Repression can be compared to a dam that can break - there is always a risk that memories of unpleasant events will burst out. And the psyche spends a huge amount of energy to suppress them.

2. Projection

Projection manifests itself in the fact that a person unconsciously attributes his feelings, thoughts, desires and needs to the people around him. This psychological defense mechanism makes it possible to relieve oneself of responsibility for one’s own character traits and desires that seem unacceptable.

For example, unreasonable jealousy may be the result of a projection mechanism. Defending against own desire infidelity, a person suspects his partner of cheating.

3. Introjection

This is the tendency to indiscriminately appropriate other people's norms, attitudes, rules of behavior, opinions and values ​​without trying to understand them and critically rethink them. Introjection is like swallowing huge chunks of food without trying to chew it.

All education and upbringing is built on the mechanism of introjection. Parents say: “Don’t put your fingers in the socket, don’t go out into the cold without a hat,” and these rules contribute to the survival of children. If a person as an adult “swallows” other people’s rules and norms without trying to understand how they suit him personally, he becomes unable to distinguish between what he really feels and what he wants and what others want.

4. Merger

In merging there is no boundary between “I” and “not-I”. There is only one total “we”. The fusion mechanism is most clearly expressed in the first year of a child’s life. Mother and child are in fusion, which promotes survival little man, because the mother very subtly feels the needs of her child and responds to them. In this case, we are talking about the healthy manifestation of this protective mechanism.

But in relationships between a man and a woman, merging hinders the development of the couple and the development of partners. It is difficult to show your individuality in them. Partners dissolve in each other, and passion sooner or later leaves the relationship.

5. Rationalization

Rationalization is an attempt to find reasonable and acceptable reasons for the occurrence of an unpleasant situation, a situation of failure. The purpose of this defense mechanism is to preserve high level self-esteem and convincing ourselves that we are not to blame, that the problem is not ours. It is clear that it will be more beneficial for personal growth and development to take responsibility for what happened and learn from life experience.

Rationalization can manifest itself as devaluation. A classic example of rationalization is Aesop's fable “The Fox and the Grapes.” The fox cannot get the grapes and retreats, explaining that the grapes are “green.”

6. Denial

7. Regression

Regression allows you to adapt to a traumatic situation through an unconscious return to forms of behavior familiar from childhood: crying, whims, emotional requests, etc. We have learned on an unconscious level that such forms of behavior guarantee support and safety.

Regression makes it possible to throw off the burden of responsibility for what is happening: after all, in childhood, parents were responsible for a lot. Abuse of regression leads to a lack of a successful life strategy, difficulties in relationships with other people and the emergence of psychosomatic diseases.

8. Sublimation

Sublimation manifests itself in the fact that in an attempt to forget about the traumatic event, we switch to activities that are acceptable to us and those around us: we begin to engage in creativity or sports. Sublimation is a productive defense mechanism that has given the world a huge amount of works of art.

It is much more useful for yourself and for society to write poetry, draw a picture, or simply chop wood than to get drunk or beat up a more successful opponent.

9. Reactive formation

In the case of reactive formation, our consciousness protects itself from forbidden impulses by expressing opposing impulses in behavior and thoughts. This protective process is carried out in two stages: first, the unacceptable impulse is suppressed, and then at the level of consciousness the completely opposite one manifests itself, while being quite hypertrophied and inflexible.