During the described Irkutsk events, Admiral Kolchak was with his trains at the station. Nizhne-Udinsk, where he was detained on the orders of General Zhanin, as can be seen from the telegram sent by Kolchak to Kappel on December 27: “I am detained in Nizhne-Udinsk, where everything is calm so far. The Czechs received an order from General Zhanen not to let even my trains through for their safety. What danger Janin foresaw, giving his order, is now difficult to decide. If the security motive was sincere (which can be doubted), then Janin showed a certain concern for the fate of the admiral. It remains a mystery why this solicitude in a few days turned into complete and heartless indifference when Kolchak was handed over by Janin's subordinates for crucifixion.
Following the stated order not to allow the admiral's trains to pass, a new order followed, this time from the headquarters allied forces, transmitted to Kolchak by the commander of the Czech shock battalion, Major Gassek, that not only trains should be delayed, but the convoy of the Supreme Ruler should be disarmed. This act could in no way be attributed to caring for the person of the admiral, but should have been dictated by the same panicked fear of the Czechs, who feared that Kolchak, with his well-known irascibility, could try to drive through by force, which would entail an armed collision of the convoy with the Czechs.
After the Admiral protested, Russek received new instructions from Janin:
1) The trains of the admiral and with a gold reserve are under the protection of the allied powers.
2) When the situation allows, the trains will be taken out under the flags of England, the United States, France, Japan and the Czech Republic.
3) Nizhne-Udinsk station is declared neutral.
4) Do not disarm the convoy, and in the event of armed clashes between the troops of the admiral and the Lower Uda, disarm both sides.
Following this, the Czechs guarding the admiral received a new instruction: "If the admiral wishes, he can be taken out by the allies under the protection of the Czechs in one car."
I borrow the data given from General Zankevich,166 who served under the admiral as Quartermaster General of the Staff of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief and traveled with Kolchak on the train from Omsk to Irkutsk. Unfortunately, Zankevich does not provide any dates of receipt of the given orders, nor by whom each of them was signed. Without this, it is absolutely impossible to figure out what, in fact, made the admiral decide to abandon his trains and transfer to the Czech carriage, which led him to a tragic end. Meanwhile, the sequence of orders and their text do not give grounds to believe that the Allies "demanded" the admiral to leave the trains and the convoy. One says that the trains will be allowed to pass when the situation allows, the other - "if the admiral wishes." This means that he could wish to stay in Nizhne-Udinsk and wait until the situation allows him to travel in his own trains and with an escort. All these are dark pages.
One must think that Kolchak's psychology had an overwhelming effect, that he was cut off from all relations with the army (Kappel and his staff moved to a sleigh on December 22), and with the Council of Ministers, with which, presumably, the Allies did not give him telegraph communication. In any case, Kolchak decided that with his trains to the east they would not let him through and some other decision had to be made. The idea arose, of which Kolchak himself was an ardent supporter, to move on horseback through Mongolia with the entire convoy of 500 people. The Czechs offered to give accurate information from intelligence, where, in what number, a meeting with the Reds could be expected.
The admiral gathered a convoy, in whose devotion he believed boundlessly, and asked who wanted to go with him. With the exception of a few people, all refused. Disappointment shook Kolchak terribly. Why only ask: the convoy was on duty, he would have ordered him to speak without leading into temptation, and they would have gone without talking. Then it was decided to go with one officer detachment of 60 people, but Kolchak also abandoned this idea for a trifling reason. One of the naval officers who were with him suggested that it would be safer if Kolchak got on the Czech train, and the officers went alone through Mongolia; for them alone, probably, no one will chase. From this conversation, Kolchak drew the conclusion that everyone was abandoning him, and after a long thought he said: "There is nothing to do, we must go." This erroneous conclusion shows, perhaps, most of all, that Kolchak has lost all energy and activity, which is why he stopped at the most passive and at the same time the most offensive decision for even his personal pride.
General Zankevich made another offer - to Kolchak to disguise himself as a soldier and hide in one of the Czech echelons. Fortunately, Kolchak did not take advantage of this advice and did not become like Kerensky. It would be too shameful for the Supreme Ruler to sit in the Czech train in the clothes of a soldier. Yes, the Czechs, undoubtedly, would have given him up in this form, because by issuing him, as we will see below, they bought themselves from the Reds the right to unhindered passage to Lake Baikal. But at the same time, the answer that Admiral Zankevich gave to his proposal is amazing: “I don’t want to owe my salvation to the Czechs.” Why, then, in this case, he immediately moved to the Czechs, although without disguising himself as a soldier? Some strange inconsistency of thinking, indicating a complete loss of mental balance, pushing for the adoption of the most passive of all possible decisions.
It is a pity that neither Kolchak nor his entourage came up with another simplest way out: to transfer to a sleigh and move west towards Kappel's army. It was easy to find out where the latter was when she was following the road through the Czechs or Poles by railway telegraph, since Kappel's headquarters very often stopped for the night at the railway stations. With a distance between Krasnoyarsk and Nizhne-Udinsk of 500 versts, moving towards each other, it was possible to meet with the 3rd Army, which was marching all the time along the highway, in five days. The admiral would have escaped just as surely as we all did.
The admiral left his train and moved to the 2nd class carriage under the flags of English, American, Japanese, French and Czech. This hanging of the allied flags was a comedy, since the question of extraditing the admiral to the Political Center had already been decided by the Czechs, with the approval or only with the connivance of General Zhanen. Sitting on the Czech train, Kolchak did not utter any conditions about his safety. General Zankevich certifies that the instruction received by the head of the echelon, Major Krovak, stated that "in Irkutsk, the admiral will be transferred to the High Allied Command." We and the Czechs, he adds, were sure that the escort from Irkutsk would be entrusted to the Japanese. When approaching Irkutsk, Krovak warned Zankevich that some kind of negotiations were taking place between Syrov and Janin and that he did not know whether the car would go further than Irkutsk. Upon arrival in Irkutsk, the head of the echelon ran towards Syrovoy and, returning after a short time, announced with excitement that it was decided to extradite the admiral to the Irkutsk revolutionary government. Kolchak entered his Golgotha.
It was January 15th. At the station, an act of transferring the Supreme Ruler to the Political Center was hastily drawn up, and the transfer technique was previously established by a special agreement between the Czech doctor Blagosh and the representative of the Political Center Kosminsky. In their zeal in front of the Political Center, the Czechs betrayed everyone who was riding in the admiral's carriage, even women. Only a few people survived, including General Zankevich, who got out of the car unnoticed. The Japanese present at the station silently watched the scene of the transfer of the admiral, but, according to the Japanese colonel Fukuda, when the transfer had already taken place, he, Fukuda, sought out Syrovoy and offered him on the same day, January 15, to take over the transportation of the admiral if the Czechs removed him from jail. Syrovoi refused because the service would expose his troops to the vengeance he wished to avoid by handing over the admiral to the "tribunal of the Russian people".
Admiral Kolchak and Prime Minister Pepelyaev were immediately sent to prison, the rest of the people who accompanied him were transported there the next day. An investigation was ordered over the admiral and Pepelyaev, but it was not brought to the end, and on February 6, 1920, they were shot on the eve of the Kappel army approaching Irkutsk.
When, upon the arrival of the train in Irkutsk, Kolchak was announced that he would be extradited to the revolutionary government, he clutched his head and exclaimed: “So the allies are betraying me!” This exclamation was the cry of a sore soul, quite understandable in the position of the unfortunate admiral, but it hardly corresponded to reality. In fact, what kind of allies could we talk about. After all, not a single government, in the person of its high commissioner, gave a guarantee of the safety of the admiral. If such a guarantee had been given, then it would undoubtedly have been carried out, since the allied governments would never go against their word. And the betrayal itself, like unnecessary cruelty, had no purpose, and would have been an indelible stain on governments. It was not the allies who betrayed Kolchak, but the Czechs, and only the Czechs, and the allies, in the person of their commissars and military missions, who remained still in Irkutsk, only washed their hands like Pilate and did not even make an attempt to keep the Czechs from the baseness they had planned . Of all the allies, if the above story of General Zankevich is correct, only one General Zhanin took a direct part in the extradition of the admiral. This is clear from Major Krovak's message to Zankevich on the way that "some negotiations are under way between Syrov and Zhanin" and that Krovak rushed to Syrovy when the train arrived in Irkutsk.
In order to justify themselves in betrayal, the Czechs in their appeal to Siberia stated that they were handing over Admiral Kolchak to the people's court not only as a reactionary, but also as an enemy of the Czechs, since he allegedly ordered Ataman Semenov not to stop before the explosion of the tunnels in order to delay the Czech movement to the East. In reality, Kolchak never made such an order, but a hint was made about the possibility of it in a telegram from Kappel to Janen, if I am not mistaken, from Achinsk. This telegram passed through my hands; whether it was sent, I do not know. It literally read the following: "... driven to despair, we will be forced to take extreme measures ..." Apparently, the telegram was sent, reached its destination and understood correctly, that is, that if we are destined to die because of Czechs, then the path and they will die with us. The desire and decision are legal in the country where we were the owners, and Janen and the Czechs were not guests invited by us.
To exonerate himself, the Czech commander, General Syrovoy, issued an appeal "To the Brothers", in which he announced that the evacuation of the Czechs had been decided on August 28, completely regardless of the situation on the Siberian front. A dozen Russian trains, according to him, departing in panic fear from Omsk along both routes, threatened to interrupt not only the systematic conduct of the Czech evacuation, but also lure them into rearguard battles with the Bolsheviks. Therefore, says Syrovoy, “I ordered to stop sending trains on the Nikolaevsk line to the east until our trains passed first. That's the only way we got out of there. This did not in the least damage the movement of trains sent to the front and for supplies. Among the detainees, Admiral Kolchak also found himself with his seven trains and began to complain to the allies and Semenov about our army.
In this appeal of "brother Syrovoy" there are as many lies as naivety. Firstly, there were not a dozen Russian echelons, but thousands; secondly, it is generally impossible to depart by rail "in panic", as long as the movement is carried out in accordance with the railway rules. But as soon as the Czechs took the traffic into their own hands, their move really took on the appearance of a stampede by rail. Each echelon took possession of the locomotive as property, put sentries on it and forced the driver to go until the locomotive became unusable without inspection and blowing. Then he rushed and took another from any non-Czech echelon. It is clear that under such conditions there was no need to think about the circulation of steam locomotives.
Just as true is Syrovy's statement that such an order would not harm the return movement for shipments to the front and for supplies. He, of course, knows that neither one nor the other was and could not be. A deliberate lie that the Czechs were in danger of being involved in rearguard battles with the Bolsheviks. They guaranteed themselves against this danger by appointing Poles and Romanians to the rear echelons. Not a single Czech was there, and even the Czech railway commandants were replaced by Polish ones as soon as the last Polish echelon passed. How the Poles felt, we will see later.
The question of the betrayal of Admiral Kolchak by the Czechs cannot be obscured by any appeals "To Siberia" and "To the Brothers". The brothers gave it up because the Irkutsk revolutionaries threatened to obstruct the movement up to and including the explosions of the canvas. Before these threats, "fraternal conscience" gave way. The question is clear.
It would be extreme dishonesty and clearly unwise to transfer to the entire Czech people the crimes committed in Siberia by a small handful of this people, called the "Czech legions", thrown into our distant outskirts and corrupted by our own revolution. But it would be just as stupid and dishonorable to hush up what the Czechs did, and especially their senior commanders, who were obliged to maintain order among them and not allow them to behave like bandits in a friendly and allied country that met the Czechs with open arms.
The most exciting issue in the Russian consciousness is the inaction in the indicated direction of the commander-in-chief of the Czech troops, General Zhanen. Unfortunately, there is no data to understand the reasons and motives for his inaction, either when the Czechs did all sorts of outrages in Siberia and on the railway, or when they so shamefully betrayed Kolchak, who trusted the offer to become under their protection. Those statements in the press, which General Janin himself made, serve not to clarify, but to obscure the issue. In them, when correctly, when biased, he judges our Russian actions, about Kolchak's mistakes, about the lack of sacrifice among the officers, among whom there were those who tried to evade service at the front, etc. But we will be able to sort out these purely Russian cases and without the help of General Janin. But this is what we ourselves will never understand: why General Zhanen did not want to curb the arbitrariness of the Czechs, why he never answered the appeals of Commander-in-Chief Kappel to him, who begged him to leave our Minister of Railways in charge of the Russian railway, and assured that from there will be neither a reduction nor a delay in the movement of the Czechs. And the most important thing that General Zhanen has never said so far is whether he could and wanted to prevent the Czechs from betraying Admiral Kolchak to be shot and by what right did he give the Czechs the freedom to dispose of Kolchak as a prisoner, while voluntarily he surrendered to them only under guard. On this account, we have only an indirect indication from Gints, who reports from the words of an official for assignments Yazvitsky, seconded to Art. Irkutsk for negotiations with the allies, such a phrase of General Zhanin: “We psychologically cannot take responsibility for the safety of the admiral's journey. After I offered him to transfer the gold to my personal responsibility and he refused to trust me, I can’t do anything anymore ”(it would be enough for General Zhanen to announce that not a single Czech will be sent by sea if the admiral is not delivered alive and unharmed in Transbaikalia, and the issue would be resolved not only "psychologically", but also in reality).
Here is a monstrous psychology, where the life of a person, and even the head of an allied government for a quarter of a century, is compared with gold. If you did not entrust me with 657 million gold at one time, then I “psychologically” cannot guarantee your life. In this case, it is also natural to assume "psychologically" that General Zhanen shared the view of the Czechs subordinate to him, that Kolchak should have been brought to the people's court. But by what right did he and the Czechs take such a decision upon themselves? Will generals Zhanen and Syrova ever say this? Hardly. Incidentally, in Monde slave, 24/XII, p. 239, Zhanen explains that he could not send Czechs to the slaughter to save Kolchak. The justification is more than strange, since no one encroached on the Czechs, as well as on Kolchak. In Irkutsk, the forces of the revolutionaries were so insignificant that it would never have occurred to them to engage in battle with the Czechs. In addition, there was a very simple way to secure Kolchak: clear the station from outsiders when he passed and let the train pass without stopping.
As for the atrocities committed by the Czechs on the railway, neither Zhanen nor Syrova can excuse themselves with ignorance. Sitting deep in the rear in Irkutsk, although they should have been closer to the rear echelons, they might not have a clear idea of what was going on where people came into contact with the Bolsheviks. However, they had an infinite number of telegrams from Kolchak, Kappel, the Minister of Railways, and other information, which they had no reason not to trust.
Now this page of history is turned over, but not closed forever.
On December 31, 1917, Admiral Kolchak deliberately went over to the side of the British King, after which he faithfully served him, and all his actions, again consciously, were directed purely against his own Motherland - Russia. And if specifically, then the destruction of its territorial integrity.
Therefore, if we talk about his honor and loyalty, then yes, in relation to the British crown, he kept them until his death - which naturally followed in the form of execution for the betrayal of the Motherland that nurtured and exalted him - Russia and faithful service to her primordial and vile enemies.
Admiral Kolchak: a traitor and only a traitor!
IN Lately more and more often there are almost demands for the rehabilitation of Admiral Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak as an allegedly innocent victim of the political repressions of the Bolsheviks. Sometimes it comes almost to the point of hysteria on the part of the "rehabilitator democrats" who demand a full justification for the actions of this traitor to Russia. So, shortly before his death, the extremely odious "architect of perestroika" and the same traitor - Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev, foaming at the mouth from the TV screens, demanded the complete rehabilitation of A.V. Kolchak.
For what? Why do some traitors care so much about the "honest name" of other traitors who preceded them?! After all, since the gray biblical times, betrayal has been the only a priori unforgivable act forever and ever, and, therefore, regardless of any previous merits to Russia, a traitor must remain a traitor! Have we managed to erect a monument in Irkutsk to a traitor who officially entered the service of the British king!? And a multiple traitor. Even worse. A traitor who not only managed to officially formalize his transition to the side of ardent enemies of Russia, but also de jure formalize the forcible dismemberment of the Russian State! After all, many territorial and political problems, in particular, with the same Baltic limitrophes, were generated precisely by his activities! Judge for yourself.
Kolchak was recruited by British intelligence when he was a captain of the 1st rank and commander of a mine division in the Baltic Fleet. It happened at the turn of 1915-1916. This was already a betrayal of the Tsar and the Fatherland, to whom he swore allegiance and kissed the cross! Have you ever thought about why the fleets of the Entente in 1918 calmly entered the Russian sector of the Baltic Sea?! After all, he was mined! In addition, in the confusion of the two revolutions of 1917, no one removed the minefields. Yes, because Kolchak's entry ticket for joining the British intelligence service was the surrender of all information about the location of minefields and barriers in the Russian sector of the Baltic Sea! After all, it was he who carried out this mining and he had all the maps of minefields and obstacles in his hands!
Further. As you know, on June 28, 1916, Kolchak was appointed to the post of commander of the Black Sea Fleet. However, this happened under the direct patronage of the resident of British intelligence in Russia, Colonel Samuel Hoare and the British ambassador to Russian Empire Buchanan (the king is also good - no, to send English allies to the "Bigben mother" so that they do not interfere in the internal affairs of the empire). This is the second betrayal, because, under such patronage, becoming the commander of one of the then most important fleets of Russia, Kolchak assumed obligations to fulfill the official task of British intelligence to disorganize and reduce the combat capability of this fleet. And, in the end, he fulfilled it - he simply abandoned the fleet and in August 1917 secretly fled to England. What do you want to call the commander of the fleet, who during the war vilely abandons his fleet and secretly flees from the country abroad?! What does he deserve in this case?! At a minimum, more than a clear definition - TRAITOR AND TRAITOR!
Kolchak received the title of Admiral from the hands of the Provisional Government, to whom he also swore allegiance. And who also betrayed! At least by the fact that, having secretly fled to England, already in August 1917, together with the Chief of the Naval General Staff of Great Britain, General Hall, he discussed the need to establish a dictatorship in Russia! Simply put, the question of overthrowing the Provisional Government! If even simpler, then the question of a coup d'état. Otherwise, sorry, how could a dictatorship be established?! To swear allegiance to the already vile Provisional Government that overthrew the tsar, to receive a promotion from him in rank and immediately betray him too!? This is already a genetic pathology! Below I will explain what is the matter here.
Then, at the request of the American ambassador in England, Kolchak was sent to the United States, where he was also recruited by the diplomatic intelligence of the US State Department. Recruitment was carried out by former Secretary of State Eliahu Ruth. That is, along the way, he now betrayed the British too. Although the Britons, of course, knew about this recruitment. The fact that he temporarily betrayed the British - and to hell with him, and with them. The point is different. Having gone to recruit with the Americans, for the second time in a short time he betrayed the same Provisional Government, to which he also swore allegiance and thanks to which he became an admiral. And in general, the list of his betrayals only lengthened.
As a result, becoming a double Anglo-American agent, immediately after the October 1917 coup, Kolchak turned to the English envoy to Japan, K. Green, with a request to the government of His Majesty King George V of England to take him into service! So after all, he wrote in his petition: "... I completely place myself at the disposal of His government ...". “His government” means the government of His Majesty the English King George V! On December 30, 1917, the British government officially granted Kolchak's request.
From that moment, Kolchak had already officially gone over to the side of the enemy, dressed in the toga of an ally. Why an enemy?! Yes, because at that time only the laziest of the agents of England, the USA and the Entente as a whole could not know that, firstly, on November 15 (28), 1917, the Supreme Council of the Entente adopted an official decision to intervene in Russia. Secondly, already on December 10 (23), 1917, the leaders of the European core of the Entente - England and France - signed a convention on the division of Russia into spheres of influence! And almost a year later, when in November 1918 the German Empire (and the Austro-Hungarian Empire too) was sent to the dustbin of History, and Kolchak was finally thrown back to Russia, under the patronage of the United States, the Anglo-French allies on November 13, 1918 confirmed that the convention itself or, to put it in a purely legal language, prolonged its operation. And Kolchak, who knew all this and was already a double Anglo-American agent, precisely after the confirmation of this convention, under the patronage of the same states, agreed to become supposedly the Supreme Ruler.
That's why I say that it was a bastard and a traitor, officially in the service of the enemy! If he simply cooperated (suppose, within the framework of military-technical supplies) with the former allies in the Entente, as many White Guard generals did, then this would be one thing. Even despite the fact that they also took on not too benevolent obligations that affected the honor and dignity of Russia. However, they at least de facto acted as something independent, without formally transferring to the service of a foreign state. But Kolchak officially entered the service of Great Britain.
And the same Admiral Kolchak, whom the Bolsheviks shot like a mad dog, was not just the self-proclaimed Supreme Ruler of Russia, Admiral Kolchak, against whom the Bolsheviks fought, but who tried to rule over all of Russia official representative the English king and his government, officially in their service! The British General Knox, who oversaw Kolchak in Siberia, at one time openly admitted that the British were directly responsible for the creation of the Kolchak government! All this is now well known, including from foreign sources.
And along the way, Kolchak also carried out an equally important task for the Americans. No wonder E. Ruth "trained" him for the role of the future Cromwell of Russia. And do you know why?! Yes, because the excessively “compassionate” E. Ruth developed a barbaric plan for the enslavement of Russia that had a decent name - “A plan for American activities to preserve and strengthen the morale of the army and civilian population of Russia”, the essence of which was simple, like the revered Yankee popcorn .
Russia was supposed to continue to “supply” the “cannon fodder” to the Entente, that is, to fight for the interests of the Anglo-Saxons alien to Russia itself, while paying with its political and economic enslavement, the “first violin” in which the United States was supposed to play. I emphasize that the economic enslavement of Russia, primarily the seizure of its railways, especially the Trans-Siberian Railway, occupied a central place in this plan. Damn Yankees even formed a special "railway corps" to manage the Russian railways, especially the Trans-Siberian (by the way, the British at that time set their sights on the Russians railways in our North, in the region of Arkhangelsk and Murmansk). And in parallel, the Yankees set their sights on the natural resources of Russia.
So it's time to end the hysterical screeching about the supposedly innocently murdered allegedly honest and decent Admiral A.V. Kolchak. A bastard and a traitor - he is a bastard and a traitor! And he must remain so in history (without denying at the same time his previous scientific merits to Russia, it is impossible not to notice that he crossed them out with his own hand). It has now been finally and documented for sure that he was a traitor to Russia and that he must and will remain so in its history of the 20th century. In the documents of British intelligence, the US Department of State, in the personal correspondence of the "gray eminence" of American politics during the First World War - Colonel House - A. V. Kolchak is directly called their double agent (these documents are known to historians). And it was precisely as their double agent that he had to implement the most criminal plans of the West towards Russia. And the "finest hour" of this traitor came in 1919. However, the West began to pave the way for his future crimes against Russia back in November 1918, at the end of the First World War.
The main thing is that Article 12 of the Compiègne Armistice Agreement stated: “All German troops who are now in the territories that constituted Russia before the war must equally return to Germany as soon as the Allies recognize that the moment has come for this, accepting into account the internal situation of these territories. However, the secret subparagraph of the same article 12 directly obliged Germany to keep its troops in the Baltic to fight Soviet Russia until the arrival of troops and fleets (in the Baltic Sea) of the Entente member countries. Such actions of the Entente were openly anti-Russian, because no one had the slightest right to decide the fate of the occupied Russian territories without the participation of Russia, I emphasize, even if it was Soviet. But it's still "flowers".
The fact is that the terminological "pearl" - "... in the territories that made up Russia before the war" - meant that the Entente de facto and de jure not only agrees with the results of the German occupation of territories, the legality of which became part of Russia before August 1 1914 and even throughout the entire First World War, it never occurred to anyone to challenge, at least openly, but in the same way, that is, de facto and de jure trying to reject, or, as then the Anglo-French allies expressed themselves “elegantly”, to “evacuate” these territories already after the fact of the German occupation. Simply put, as if in the order of the "legitimate trophy" obtained from the defeated enemy - Germany.
And in this regard, I want to draw attention to the following circumstance. As mentioned above, on November 15 (28), 1917, the Supreme Soviet of the Entente made an official decision to intervene in Russia. Unofficially, this decision was agreed upon as early as December 1916 - they were only waiting for the now vaunted "February workers" to plant their "revolutionary ax" in the back of the Entente's most loyal ally, Nicholas II. And in the development of this decision, on December 10 (23), 1917, the Anglo-French convention on the division of the territory of Russia was signed. For the information of readers: this vile convention has not been officially canceled so far!
According to this convention, the allies deigned to divide Russia as follows: the North of Russia and the Baltic states fell into the zone of British influence (this, of course, did not exhaust the “appetites” of the Britons, but this is a separate conversation). France got Ukraine and the South of Russia. On November 13, 1918, the same Anglo-French allies, under the patronage of the United States, brazenly extended the duration of this convention. Simply put, they declared Russia for the second time, even if it was Soviet, really a war, and really a world war, and really the second in a row in the scenario “from the wheels” of the First World War! In fact, it really was a re-announcement of the first "Second World War" in the 20th century in the "off-the-wheels" scenario of the First World War.
Lenin, who tried to recapture the Baltic states by force of arms, no matter how you treat him personally, was absolutely right de facto. And, what is especially important in this regard, de jure too. Because official diplomatic relations were unilaterally severed by the Kaiser's Germany, which soon collapsed, and the Brest-Litovsk Treaty automatically lost any force whatsoever. Consequently, the Baltic States, which remained under German occupation, both de facto and de jure, turned into the territory of Russia, illegally seized and occupied by the troops of the state that had died in the bose, which the Entente also openly steals! Yes, and for the second time declaring to Russia, even if it is Soviet, the next, that is, the next world war, second in a row and in the scenario "from the wheels of the first"! From a purely military-geopolitical point of view, the armed onslaught of the Bolsheviks on the Baltic states that began on November 13, 1918 was absolutely justified in the nature of an objectively necessary counter-offensive in order to protect the state's own territory.
But from an ideological point of view, Lenin was just as wrong, because he gave this armed campaign the appearance of an attempt to "come to the aid of the German revolution", violently rejected by all of Germany, which Ilyich and Co. did not want to understand, since their enthusiasm at that moment, to put it mildly to put it, the idea of a “field revolution”, inadequate to the then realities, simply turned off in their minds even the shadow of a hint of any kind of rational thinking. The result was logical - the defeat was inevitable, especially since the whole of Europe, with desperate efforts, up to inciting vicious anti-Semite phobia in most of its countries, repelled the attacks of Lenin, Trotsky and Co., stunned by the bloody taste of the "world revolution" and their German and other "colleagues" .
But, despite the failure of this armed campaign, the fate of these territories could not be decided without the participation of Russia, even if in the person of some traitor. And the Entente entrusted this vile deed to the now praised Admiral Kolchak, who by that time had become a direct agent of the strategic influence of the Entente.
On May 26, 1919, the Supreme Council of the Entente sent Admiral Kolchak, who was completely controlled by British intelligence (his actions on behalf of the allied command were directly led by the British General Knox and, subsequently, the legendary British geopolitician, and then, as, indeed, until the end of his life, the most authoritative British military spy-intellectual J. Halford Mackinder) a note in which, announcing the break in relations with the Soviet government, he expressed his readiness to recognize his own double agent of strategic influence in admiral's shoulder straps for the Supreme Ruler of Russia!? And here is what is typical. To admit, they recognized him, but only de facto. But de jure - miles sorry, the three fingers of the Entente were shown. But with all this, they demanded purely legal actions from him - they put forward a tough ultimatum to him, according to which Kolchak had to agree in writing to:
1. The separation of Poland and Finland from Russia, in which there was no point, especially in relation to Finland, except for the furious desire, especially of Great Britain, to arrange everything in such a way that these countries gained independence allegedly only from the hands of the Entente (the West). The fact is that the independence of Finland was granted by the Soviet government on December 31, 1917, which, by the way, Finland is still celebrating. That was the right step, because her stay in Russia, where, under the Friedrichsgam Treaty of 1809, she was included by Alexander I (by the way, at the request of the ancestor of the future Fuhrer of Finland, Mannerheim), was not only meaningless, but also dangerous due to separatism blazing there purely nationalist.
As for Poland, after the events of October 1917, it already became independent - Lenin did not interfere. Consequently, from this point of view, the ultimatum to Kolchak was also meaningless.
2. Transferring the issue of the separation of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania (as well as the Caucasus and the Trans-Caspian region) from Russia for consideration by the arbitration of the League of Nations in the event that agreements necessary for the West are not reached between Kolchak and the puppet governments of these territories.
Along the way, Kolchak was given an ultimatum to recognize that the Versailles "peace" conference had the right to decide the fate of Bessarabia as well.
In addition, Kolchak had to guarantee the following:
1. That as soon as he captures Moscow (the Entente, obviously, naturally "went crazy" that he set such a task for him), he would immediately convene the Constituent Assembly.
2. That he will not interfere with the free election of local self-government bodies. A little explanation. The fact is that under an outwardly very attractive wording, a delayed-action mine of enormous destructive power was hidden. The country then blazed a fire of separatism of various stripes. From purely nationalist to regional and even small-town. Moreover, literally everyone was involved in this destructive process, including, regrettably, even purely Russian territories, almost completely Russian in terms of population composition. And giving them the freedom to elect local self-government bodies automatically meant giving them the freedom to separately declare the independence of their territory, and, accordingly, secession from Russia. That is, the ultimate goal was to destroy the territorial integrity of Russia by the hands of its own population! The West, by the way, always tries to do just that. In the same way, by the way, in 1991 the USSR was destroyed.
3. That he will not restore "special privileges in favor of any class or organization" and in general the former regime, which restricted civil and religious freedoms. A little explanation. Simply put, the Entente was not at all satisfied not only with the restoration of the tsarist regime, but even with the regime of the Provisional Government. And if it is even simpler, then a single and indivisible Russia, as a state and country. It is at this point, not to mention others, that the meanness of Kolchak's repeated betrayal is most clearly manifested. Someone, but he was well aware that the news of the overthrow of the king was perceived, in particular, in the same England, to the service of the king of which he volunteered, by the British parliament with standing ovations, and its prime minister, Lloyd George - just like that and exclaimed: "The goal of the war has been achieved!". That is, he openly admitted that the First World War was started precisely for this! And, therefore, recognizing this point of the Entente's ultimatum, Kolchak once again proved that he was a traitor deliberately acting against Russia!
On June 12, 1919, Kolchak gave the necessary written answer to the Entente, which she considered satisfactory. Once again I draw attention to the special meanness of the Entente. After all, she recognized Kolchak only de facto, but she issued an ultimatum de jure. And the answer from the only recognized de facto traitor to Russia, the Entente recognized de jure! That's what the West means!
As a result, some Kolchak in one fell swoop crossed out all the conquests of Peter the Great and the Nishtad Treaty of August 30, 1721 itself! When he completed the tasks assigned to him and huge chunks of the territory of the Russian state were de jure torn away, his fate was sealed. The Moor has done his job - the Moor can not only retire, but it is also obliged to be killed, preferably by proxy. So that the ends would all really be in the water. Through the hands of the representative of the Entente under Kolchak, General Janin (the Anglo-Saxons remained true to themselves here too - they framed the representative of France for this unseemly deed) - and with the assistance of the Czechoslovak corps (they were still enemies of Russia, who raged at the direction of their Western masters on the Trans-Siberian Railway), the puppet admiral was surrendered Bolsheviks. Well, they shot him like a dog, and rightly so! There is no need to squander the territory of a great state and a great country that has been gathering for centuries!
It remains to say the following. On what the Anglo-Saxons "took" Kolchak - whether on boundless vanity, whether on the use of drugs (Kolchak was an avid cocaine addict) or on both at the same time, or on something else - now can not be established. But something can still be said. Apparently, in Kolchak they “kindled” a sense of tribal revenge for their distant ancestor, the commander of the Khotyn fortress in 1739, Ilias Kalchak Pasha, from whom the Kalchak family began in Russia. Ilias Kalchak Pasha - this is how his name was written in the 18th century. - was forced to surrender to Russian troops under the command of Minich during the next Russian-Turkish war. After 180 years, a distant descendant of Ilias Kalchak Pasha - A.V. Kolchak - handed over to the West all the conquests of Peter I and his heirs!
That was an openly Jesuit move of the West! With the hands of a traitor, it was in admiral's shoulder straps, moreover, not of Russian origin - after all, Kolchak was a "Krymchak", that is, a Crimean Tatar - to deprive Russia of access to the Baltic Sea, for the right to have which, Russia of Peter the Great waged the Northern War with Sweden for over 20 years ! All the works of Peter the Great, his predecessors and successors were completely crossed out, including the famous Nishtad Peace Treaty of August 30, 1721, which legitimized Russia's right to free access to the Baltic Sea and further to the Atlantic! Moreover. This is how Russia got a headache in the face of the viciously Russophobic so-called Baltic states. So it was before the Second World War, so it continues today.
And now "the scum of democracy" - this inherently charming expression belongs to one of the most respected people in the world, the "king of dynamite" and the founder of world famous Nobel Prizes Alfred Nobel - Kolchak is sung not only allegedly as a patriot of Russia, but also as an innocently murdered victim of the political repressions of the Bolsheviks!? Yes, the Bolsheviks did the right thing three times, that they shot him like a mad dog - for a traitor, especially of such a level, there can be nothing else !!!
On December 31, 1917, Admiral Kolchak deliberately went over to the side of the British King, after which he faithfully served him, and all his actions, again consciously, were directed purely against his own Motherland - Russia. And if specifically, then the destruction of its territorial integrity.
Therefore, if we talk about his honor and loyalty, then yes, in relation to the British crown, he kept them until his death - which naturally followed in the form of execution for the betrayal of the Motherland that nurtured and exalted him - Russia and faithful service to her primordial and vile enemies.
Recently, almost demands have been heard more and more often for the rehabilitation of Admiral Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak as an allegedly innocent victim of the political repressions of the Bolsheviks. Sometimes it comes almost to the point of hysteria on the part of the "rehabilitator democrats" who demand a full justification for the actions of this traitor to Russia. So, shortly before his death, the extremely odious "architect of perestroika" and the same traitor - Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev, foaming at the mouth from the TV screens, demanded the complete rehabilitation of A.V. Kolchak. For what? Why do some traitors care so much about the "honest name" of other traitors who preceded them?! After all, since the gray biblical times, betrayal is the only a priori unforgivable act forever and ever, and, therefore, regardless of any previous merits to Russia, a traitor must remain a traitor! Have we managed to erect a monument in Irkutsk to a traitor who officially entered the service of the British king!? And a multiple traitor. Even worse. A traitor who not only managed to officially formalize his transition to the side of ardent enemies of Russia, but also de jure formalize the forcible dismemberment of the Russian State! After all, many territorial and political problems, in particular, with the same Baltic limitrophes, were generated precisely by his activities! Judge for yourself. Kolchak was recruited by British intelligence when he was a captain of the 1st rank and commander of a mine division in the Baltic Fleet. It happened at the turn of 1915-1916. This was already a betrayal of the Tsar and the Fatherland, to whom he swore allegiance and kissed the cross! Have you ever thought about why the fleets of the Entente in 1918 calmly entered the Russian sector of the Baltic Sea?! After all, he was mined! In addition, in the confusion of the two revolutions of 1917, no one removed the minefields. Yes, because Kolchak's entry ticket for joining the British intelligence service was the surrender of all information about the location of minefields and barriers in the Russian sector of the Baltic Sea! After all, it was he who carried out this mining and he had all the maps of minefields and obstacles in his hands! Further. As you know, on June 28, 1916, Kolchak was appointed to the post of commander of the Black Sea Fleet. However, this happened with the direct patronage of the British intelligence resident in Russia, Colonel Samuel Hoare, and the British ambassador to the Russian Empire, Buchanan (the tsar is also good - no, to send English allies to the "Bigben mother" so that they do not interfere in the internal affairs of the empire). This is the second betrayal, because, under such patronage, becoming the commander of one of the then most important fleets of Russia, Kolchak assumed obligations to fulfill the official task of British intelligence to disorganize and reduce the combat capability of this fleet. And, in the end, he fulfilled it - he simply abandoned the fleet and in August 1917 secretly fled to England. What do you want to call the commander of the fleet, who during the war vilely abandons his fleet and secretly flees from the country abroad?! What does he deserve in this case?! At a minimum, more than a clear definition - TRAITOR AND TRAITOR! Kolchak received the title of Admiral from the hands of the Provisional Government, to whom he also swore allegiance. And who also betrayed! At least by the fact that, having secretly fled to England, already in August 1917, together with the Chief of the Naval General Staff of Great Britain, General Hall, he discussed the need to establish a dictatorship in Russia! Simply put, the question of overthrowing the Provisional Government! If even easier - the question of a coup d'état. Otherwise, sorry, how could a dictatorship be established?! To swear allegiance to the already vile Provisional Government that overthrew the tsar, to receive a promotion from him in rank and immediately betray him too!? This is already a genetic pathology! Below I will explain what is the matter here. Then, at the request of the American ambassador in England, Kolchak was sent to the United States, where he was also recruited by the diplomatic intelligence of the US State Department. Recruitment was carried out by former Secretary of State Eliahu Ruth. That is, along the way, he now betrayed the British too. Although the Britons, of course, knew about this recruitment. The fact that he temporarily betrayed the British - and to hell with him, and with them. The point is different. Having gone to recruit with the Americans, for the second time in a short time he betrayed the same Provisional Government, to which he also swore allegiance and thanks to which he became an admiral. And in general, the list of his betrayals only lengthened. As a result, becoming a double Anglo-American agent, immediately after the October 1917 coup, Kolchak turned to the English envoy to Japan, K. Green, with a request to the government of His Majesty King George V of England to take him into service! So he wrote in his petition: "...I place myself entirely at the disposal of His government..."."His government" - means the government of His Majesty the English King George V! On December 30, 1917, the British government officially granted Kolchak's request. From that moment, Kolchak had already officially gone over to the side of the enemy, dressed in the toga of an ally. Why an enemy?! Yes, because at that time only the laziest of the agents of England, the USA and the Entente as a whole could not know that, Firstly, On November 15 (28), 1917, the Supreme Soviet of the Entente adopted an official decision to intervene in Russia. Secondly, already on December 10 (23), 1917, the leaders of the European core of the Entente - England and France - signed a convention on dividing Russia into spheres of influence! And almost a year later, when in November 1918 the German Empire (and the Austro-Hungarian Empire too) was sent to the dustbin of History, and Kolchak was finally thrown back to Russia, under the patronage of the United States, the Anglo-French allies on November 13, 1918 confirmed that the convention itself or, to put it in a purely legal language, prolonged its operation. And Kolchak, who knew all this and was already a double Anglo-American agent, precisely after the confirmation of this convention, under the patronage of the same states, agreed to become supposedly the Supreme Ruler. That's why I say that it was a bastard and a traitor, officially in the service of the enemy! If he simply cooperated (suppose, within the framework of military-technical supplies) with the former allies in the Entente, as many White Guard generals did, then this would be one thing. Even despite the fact that they also took on not too benevolent obligations that affected the honor and dignity of Russia. However, they at least de facto acted as something independent, without formally transferring to the service of a foreign state. But Kolchak officially entered the service of Great Britain. And the same Admiral Kolchak, whom the Bolsheviks shot like a mad dog, was not just the self-proclaimed Supreme Ruler of Russia, Admiral Kolchak, against whom the Bolsheviks fought, but the official representative of the English king and his government, who was officially in their service, who tried to rule over all of Russia! The British General Knox, who oversaw Kolchak in Siberia, at one time openly admitted that the British were directly responsible for the creation of the Kolchak government! All this is now well known, including from foreign sources. And along the way, Kolchak also carried out an equally important task for the Americans. No wonder E. Ruth "trained" him for the role of the future Cromwell of Russia. And do you know why?! Yes, because the excessively “compassionate” E. Ruth developed a barbaric plan to enslave Russia that had a decent name - “A plan for American activities to preserve and strengthen the morale of the army and civilian population of Russia”, the essence of which was simple, like the revered Yankee popcorn . Russia was supposed to continue to “supply” the “cannon fodder” to the Entente, that is, to fight for the interests of the Anglo-Saxons alien to Russia itself, while paying with its political and economic enslavement, the “first violin” in which the United States was supposed to play. I emphasize that the economic enslavement of Russia, primarily the seizure of its railways, especially the Trans-Siberian Railway, occupied a central place in this plan. Damn Yankees even formed a special "railway corps" to manage Russian railways, especially the Trans-Siberian (by the way, the British at that time set their sights on Russian railways in our North, in the area of Arkhangelsk and Murmansk). And in parallel, the Yankees set their sights on the natural resources of Russia. So it's time to end the hysterical screeching about the supposedly innocently murdered allegedly honest and decent Admiral A.V. Kolchak. A bastard and a traitor - he is a bastard and a traitor! And he must remain so in history (without denying at the same time his previous scientific merits to Russia, it is impossible not to notice that he crossed them out with his own hand). It has now been finally and documented for sure that he was a traitor to Russia and that he must and will remain so in its history of the 20th century. In the documents of British intelligence, the US State Department, in the personal correspondence of the "gray eminence" of American politics during the First World War - Colonel House - A.V. Kolchak is directly called their double agent (these documents are known to historians). And it was precisely as their double agent that he had to implement the most criminal plans of the West towards Russia. And the "finest hour" of this traitor came in 1919. However, the West began to pave the way for his future crimes against Russia back in November 1918, at the end of the First World War. As you know, on November 11, 1918, in the suburbs of Paris - Compiègne - the Compiegne Agreement was signed, which put an end to the First World War. When it is mentioned, it is usually quite "elegant" to forget to mention that it was just a 36-day armistice agreement. In addition, it was signed without the participation of Russia, which bore the brunt of the war in the status of the tsarist empire, and then, having already become Soviet, rendered a colossal service to the same Entente with its revolutionary banditry in Germany. Without the help of Lenin and Co., the Entente would have been fiddling with Kaiser Germany for a long time to come. But this is so, a saying ... The main thing is that Article 12 of the Compiègne Armistice Agreement said: “All German troops that are now in the territories that constituted Russia before the war must equally return to Germany as soon as the Allies recognize that the moment has come for this, taking into account the internal situation of these territories. However, the secret subparagraph of the same article 12 directly obliged Germany to keep its troops in the Baltic to fight Soviet Russia until the arrival of troops and fleets (in the Baltic Sea) of the Entente member countries. Such actions of the Entente were openly anti-Russian, because no one had the slightest right to decide the fate of the occupied Russian territories without the participation of Russia, I emphasize, even if it was Soviet. But it's still "flowers". The fact is that the terminological "pearl" - "... in the territories that made up Russia before the war"- meant that the Entente de facto and de jure not only agreed with the results of the German occupation of the territories, the legality of which was part of Russia before August 1, 1914 and even throughout the First World War, it never occurred to anyone to dispute , in any case, openly, but in a similar way, that is, both de facto and de jure, is trying to tear away, or, as the Anglo-French allies then “elegantly” expressed it, “evacuate” these territories already after the fact of the German occupation. Simply put, as if in the order of the "legitimate trophy" obtained from the defeated enemy - Germany. And in this regard, I want to draw attention to the following circumstance. As mentioned above, on November 15 (28), 1917, the Supreme Soviet of the Entente made an official decision to intervene in Russia. Unofficially, this decision was agreed upon as early as December 1916 - they were only waiting for the now vaunted “February workers” to plant their “revolutionary ax” in the back of the Entente’s most loyal ally, Nicholas II. And in the development of this decision, on December 10 (23), 1917, the Anglo-French convention on the division of the territory of Russia was signed. For the information of readers: this vile convention has not been officially canceled so far! According to this convention, the allies deigned to divide Russia as follows: the North of Russia and the Baltic states fell into the zone of British influence (this, of course, did not exhaust the “appetites” of the Britons, but this is a separate conversation). France got Ukraine and the South of Russia. On November 13, 1918, the same Anglo-French allies, under the patronage of the United States, brazenly extended the duration of this convention. Simply put, they declared Russia for the second time, even if it was Soviet, really a war, and really a world war, and really the second in a row in the scenario “from the wheels” of the First World War! In fact, it really was a re-announcement of the first "Second World War" in the 20th century in the "off-the-wheels" scenario of the First World War. As for the second "pearl" from Article 12 of the Compiègne Agreement - “Having regard to the internal situation of these territories”, - then here is another international legal "trick" of the Entente. Not risking calling these territories states - the question of recognizing their fake sovereignty will be raised only on February 15, 1919 during the Versailles so-called "peace" conference - the Entente, nevertheless, prepared to steal them. Especially in the part concerning the Baltics, although I knew very well that it would be completely illegal! Because in this way, behind the scenes and without any participation of Russia, the Nishtad Treaty of August 30, 1721 between Russia and Sweden will be brazenly broken! According to this agreement, the territories of Ingria, part of Karelia, all of Estonia and Livonia with the cities of Riga, Revel (Talinn), Derpt, Narva, Vyborg, Kexholm, the islands of Ezel and Dago passed to Russia and its successors in full, undeniable and eternal possession and ownership! By the time the Compiègne truce was signed, for almost two centuries no one in the world even tried to challenge it, especially since the Nishtad Treaty itself was confirmed in writing and guaranteed by the same England and France. But the Entente was afraid to openly steal. First of all, because during the period of the actual German occupation, as well as after the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the German occupation authorities forcibly “cut” huge pieces of purely Russian territories to the Baltic territories. To Estonia - parts of the St. Petersburg and Pskov provinces, in particular, Narva, Pechora and Izborsk, to Latvia - the Dvina, Lyudinsky and Rezhitsky counties of the Vitebsk province and part of the Ostrovsky county of the Pskov province, to Lithuania - parts of the Suwalki and Vilna provinces inhabited by Belarusians (not very , obviously capable of understanding something, but with giblets sold to the West, the authorities of the modern Baltic limitrophes are now all the time trying, speaking in a purely folk language, to “spread the mitten” wider on these lands). The Entente was also afraid because first it was necessary to change the power structures of a purely pro-German orientation formed by the German occupation authorities (German intelligence widely planted its agents of influence there) to authorities with a pro-Entente orientation. But this is just one side of the coin. The second was the following. Under the direct pressure of the Entente, which put this as a strict precondition for a truce, on November 5, 1918, the Kaiser's government of Germany unilaterally severed diplomatic relations with Soviet Russia. There was no need to look for a blessing and a reason - the Soviet embassy, headed by a long-time patient of the best European and Russian psychiatrists A. Joffe interfered so openly and so impudently in the internal affairs of Germany that it was impossible not to notice this. However, it was, as they say, "debt paid off" - a year before that, the Nemchura behaved in exactly the same way in Russia. The rupture of diplomatic relations meant that even according to the norms of the then robbery international law all previously signed and ratified treaties between the two states automatically lost their legal force. Moreover, on November 9, 1918, the Kaiser's empire also sank into oblivion: the monarchy fell, the Kaiser went on the run (he took refuge in Holland), and the Social Democrats led by Ebert-Scheidemann came to power in Germany. At the time of the signing of the November 11, 1918, Compiègne truce, the Social Democratic, we use the parliamentary rule and put an end in order not to use foul language, .... led by Ebert-Scheidemann, she managed a super-unique, super-unprecedented even for the robbery history of the West and the same trick of its jurisprudence. Automatically devoid of any legal force, the already predatory Treaty of Brest-Litovsk of March 3, 1918, just six days after its, I emphasize, automatic denunciation by the German side, is suddenly resurrected by the Social Democrats who came to power in Germany . Even worse. Together with the function of control over its execution, as if supposedly continuing to operate, the treaty was voluntarily handed over to the Entente as a "trophy"!? Naturally, with all the ensuing extremely negative geopolitical, strategic and economic consequences for Russia, even for the Soviet one! After all, it was about the theft of a Million Square Kilometers of Strategically Important Territories of the Russian State, along with their natural, economic and demographic resources! Resources, which, even at that time, were measured in more than tens of billions of gold rubles! Lenin, who tried to recapture the Baltic states by force of arms, no matter how you treat him personally, was absolutely right de facto. And, what is especially important in this regard, de jure too. Because official diplomatic relations were unilaterally severed by the Kaiser's Germany, which soon collapsed, and the Brest-Litovsk Treaty automatically lost any force whatsoever. Consequently, the Baltic States, which remained under German occupation, both de facto and de jure, turned into the territory of Russia, illegally seized and occupied by the troops of the state that had died in the bose, which the Entente also openly steals! Yes, and for the second time declaring Russia, even Soviet, the next, that is, the next world war, the second in a row and in the scenario “from the wheels of the first”! From a purely military-geopolitical point of view, the armed onslaught of the Bolsheviks on the Baltic states that began on November 13, 1918 was absolutely justified in the nature of an objectively necessary counter-offensive in order to protect the state's own territory. But from an ideological point of view, Lenin was just as wrong, because he gave this armed campaign the appearance of an attempt to "come to the aid of the German revolution", violently rejected by all of Germany, which Ilyich and Co. did not want to understand, since their enthusiasm at that moment, to put it mildly to put it, the idea of a “field revolution”, inadequate to the then realities, simply turned off in their minds even the shadow of a hint of any kind of rational thinking. The result was logical - the defeat was inevitable, especially since all of Europe, with desperate efforts, up to inciting vicious anti-Semite phobia in most of its countries, repelled the attacks of Lenin, Trotsky and Co., stunned by the bloody taste of the "world revolution" and their German and other "colleagues" . But, despite the failure of this armed campaign, the fate of these territories could not be decided without the participation of Russia, even if in the person of some traitor. And the Entente entrusted this vile deed to the now praised Admiral Kolchak, who by that time had become a direct agent of the strategic influence of the Entente. On May 26, 1919, the Supreme Council of the Entente sent Admiral Kolchak, who was completely controlled by British intelligence (his actions on behalf of the allied command were directly led by the British General Knox and, subsequently, the legendary British geopolitician, and then, as, indeed, until the end of his life, the most authoritative British military spy-intellectual J. Halford Mackinder) a note in which, announcing the break in relations with the Soviet government, he expressed his readiness to recognize his own double agent of strategic influence in admiral's shoulder straps for the Supreme Ruler of Russia!? And here is what is typical. To admit, they recognized him, but only de facto. But de jure - miles sorry, the three fingers of the Entente were shown. But with all this, they demanded purely legal actions from him - they put forward a tough ultimatum to him, according to which Kolchak had to agree in writing to:
1. The separation of Poland and Finland from Russia, which made no sense, especially in relation to Finland, except for the furious desire, especially of Great Britain, to arrange everything in such a way that these countries allegedly gained independence from the hands of only the Entente (the West). The fact is that the independence of Finland was granted by the Soviet government on December 31, 1917, which, by the way, Finland is still celebrating. That was the right step, because her stay in Russia, where, according to the Friedrichsham Treaty of 1809, Alexander I included her (by the way, at the request of the ancestor of the future Fuhrer of Finland, Mannerheim), was not only meaningless, but also dangerous due to separatism blazing there purely nationalist. As for Poland, after the events of October 1917, it already became independent - Lenin did not interfere. Consequently, from this point of view, the ultimatum to Kolchak was also meaningless. 2. The transfer of the issue of the separation of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania (as well as the Caucasus and the Trans-Caspian region) from Russia for consideration by the arbitration of the League of Nations in the event that agreements necessary for the West are not reached between Kolchak and the puppet governments of these territories.
Along the way, Kolchak was given an ultimatum to recognize that the Versailles "peace" conference had the right to decide the fate of Bessarabia as well. In addition, Kolchak had to guarantee the following:
1. That as soon as he captures Moscow (the Entente, obviously, naturally "went crazy" that he set such a task for him), he would immediately convene the Constituent Assembly. 2. That it will not interfere with the free election of local self-government bodies. A little explanation. The fact is that under an outwardly very attractive wording, a delayed-action mine of enormous destructive power was hidden. The country then blazed a fire of separatism of various stripes. From purely nationalist to regional and even small-town. Moreover, literally everyone was involved in this destructive process, including, regrettably, even purely Russian territories, almost completely Russian in terms of population composition. And giving them the freedom to elect local self-government bodies automatically meant giving them the freedom to separately declare the independence of their territory, and, accordingly, secession from Russia. That is, the ultimate goal was to destroy the territorial integrity of Russia by the hands of its own population! The West, by the way, always tries to do just that. In the same way, by the way, in 1991 the USSR was destroyed. 3. That he will not restore "special privileges in favor of any class or organization" and in general the former regime, which restricted civil and religious freedoms. A little explanation. Simply put, the Entente was not at all satisfied not only with the restoration of the tsarist regime, but even with the regime of the Provisional Government. And if it is even simpler, then a single and indivisible Russia, as a state and country. It is at this point, not to mention others, that the meanness of Kolchak's repeated betrayal is most clearly manifested. Someone, but he was well aware that the news of the overthrow of the king was received, in particular, in the same England, to the service of the king of which he volunteered, the British Parliament stood with a standing ovation, and its Prime Minister - Lloyd - George just exclaimed: "The goal of the war has been achieved!" That is, he openly admitted that the First World War was started precisely for this! And, therefore, recognizing this point of the Entente's ultimatum, Kolchak once again proved that he was a traitor deliberately acting against Russia!
On June 12, 1919, Kolchak gave the necessary written answer to the Entente, which she considered satisfactory. Once again I draw attention to the special meanness of the Entente. After all, she recognized Kolchak only de facto, but she issued an ultimatum de jure. And the answer from the only recognized de facto traitor to Russia, the Entente recognized de jure! That's what the West means! As a result, some Kolchak in one fell swoop crossed out all the conquests of Peter the Great and the Nishtad Treaty of August 30, 1721 itself! When he completed the tasks assigned to him and huge chunks of the territory of the Russian state were de jure torn away, his fate was sealed. The Moor has done his job - the Moor can not only retire, but it is also obliged to be killed, preferably by proxy. So that the ends would all really be in the water. Through the hands of the representative of the Entente under Kolchak, General Janin (the Anglo-Saxons remained true to themselves here too - they framed the representative of France for this unseemly deed) - and with the assistance of the Czechoslovak corps (they were still enemies of Russia, who raged at the direction of their Western masters on the Trans-Siberian Railway), the puppet admiral was surrendered Bolsheviks. Well, they shot him like a dog, and rightly so! There is no need to squander the territory of a great state and a great country that has been gathering for centuries! It remains to say the following. On what the Anglo-Saxons "took" Kolchak - on immense vanity, whether on the use of drugs (Kolchak was an avid cocaine addict) or on both at the same time, or on something else - now it is impossible to establish. But something can still be said. Apparently, in Kolchak they “kindled” a sense of tribal revenge for their distant ancestor - the commander of the Khotyn fortress in 1739, Ilias Kalchak Pasha, from whom the Kalchak family began in Russia. Ilias Kalchak Pasha - this is how his name was written in the 18th century. - was forced to surrender to Russian troops under the command of Minich during the next Russian-Turkish war. After 180 years, a distant descendant of Ilias Kalchak Pasha - A.V. Kolchak - handed over to the West all the conquests of Peter I and his heirs! That was an openly Jesuit move of the West! With the hands of a traitor, it was in admiral's shoulder straps, moreover, not of Russian origin - after all, Kolchak was a "Krymchak", that is, a Crimean Tatar - to deprive Russia of access to the Baltic Sea, for the right to have which, Russia of Peter the Great waged the Northern War with Sweden for over 20 years ! All the works of Peter the Great, his predecessors and successors were completely crossed out, including the famous Nishtad Peace Treaty of August 30, 1721, which legitimized Russia's right to free access to the Baltic Sea and further to the Atlantic! Moreover. This is how Russia got a headache in the face of the viciously Russophobic so-called Baltic states. So it was before the Second World War, so it continues today. And now, the "democratic scum" - this inherently charming expression belongs to one of the most respected people in the whole world, the "king of dynamite" and the founder of the world-famous Nobel Prizes Alfred Nobel - sing Kolchak not only as allegedly a patriot of Russia, but also as innocently murdered victim of political repression of the Bolsheviks!? Yes, the Bolsheviks did the right thing three times, that they shot him like a rabid dog - for a traitor, especially of such a level, there can be nothing else !!! Arsen Martirosyan
Kolchak's regime was an ugly combination of outward Russian state paraphernalia with Socialist-Revolutionary ministers, semi-English uniforms and French advisers. Among these advisers was the brother of Yakov Sverdlov. Especially blasphemous is the title of Kolchak - "Supreme Ruler". It is known that such a title belonged to only one person in Russia - the Sovereign Emperor. Who and by what right awarded this title to Vice Admiral Kolchak?
Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak was born on November 4, 1873. He came from a Turkish family, and his grandfather Ilias Kolchak Pasha was the commandant of the Turkish fortress of Khotyn, in the 1790s he was captured by the Russians and went to their service. Already Kolchak's father heroically distinguished himself in the defense of Sevastopol during the Crimean War.
Elementary education the future admiral received houses, and then studied at the 6th St. Petersburg classical gymnasium.
On September 15, 1894, Kolchak was promoted to the rank of midshipman and on August 6, 1894, he was assigned to the 1st-rank cruiser Rurik as an assistant watch officer.
Kolchak deserved the highest characteristics about himself. The commander of the cruiser G. F. Tsyvinsky later, becoming an admiral, wrote: “ Midshipman A.V. Kolchak was an unusually capable and talented officer, had a rare memory, spoke perfectly three European languages, knew the sailing directions of all seas well, knew the history of all almost European fleets and naval battles».
On the cruiser "Rurik" Kolchak departed for the Far East. At the end of 1896, Kolchak was assigned to the cruiser of the 2nd rank "Cruiser" to the position of chief of the watch. On this ship, for several years he went on campaigns in the Pacific Ocean, in 1899 he returned to Kronstadt. On December 6, 1898, he was promoted to lieutenant. In the campaigns, Kolchak not only performed his official duties, but also actively engaged in self-education. He became interested in oceanography and hydrology. In 1899 he published an article "Observations on surface temperatures and specific gravity sea water produced on the cruisers "Rurik" and "Cruiser" from May 1897 to March 1898.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Kolchak participated in the polar expedition of Baron E. V. Toll to the Taimyr Peninsula. Throughout the expedition, Kolchak led an active scientific work. In 1901, E. V. Toll immortalized the name of A. V. Kolchak - named him after open expedition island and cape.
Upon arrival in St. Petersburg, Kolchak reported to the Academy of Sciences on the work done, and also reported on the enterprise of Baron Toll, from whom no news had been received either by that time or later. In January 1903, it was decided to organize an expedition, the purpose of which was to clarify the fate of Toll's expedition. The expedition took place from May 5 to December 7, 1903. It consisted of 17 people on 12 sledges harnessed by 160 dogs. During Kolchak's expedition, it became clear that Toll's expedition had perished.
Then there was the Russo-Japanese War. Kolchak was wounded and captured by the Japanese. After four months in captivity, Kolchak returned to Russia through the United States of America. Upon his return from captivity, he was awarded the St. George weapon "for courage" and promoted to captain of the 2nd rank.
Then there was work at the Naval General Staff, then service at the headquarters Baltic Fleet. While working at the Naval Staff, Kolchak met Admiral L. A. Brusilov. At the same time, Kolchak takes part in the work of the Duma Committee on State Defense, which was chaired by the leader of the Octobrist Party and one of the worst enemies of the Sovereign, A. I. Guchkov. It must be said that Admiral L. A. Brusilov was also very critical of Emperor Nicholas II.
It was in the Baltic, in the rank of captain of the 1st rank, that Kolchak met the First World War. We will not expand here on Kolchak's activities as a naval commander. Suffice it to say that his activities were highly valued by the Russian naval command and the Sovereign himself. It was Nicholas II who promoted Kolchak to vice admiral and appointed him commander of the Black Sea Fleet. At the same time, those around him noted such negative qualities in Kolchak as excessive ambition and irritability. Sometimes Kolchak had nervous breakdowns, during which he retired from business and closed himself in. One of these disruptions was reflected in the memoirs of Rear Admiral A. D. Bubnov, who then held the post of head of the naval department at the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. Bubnov recalled how the news of the fire on the battleship "Empress Maria", which occurred in 1916 and cost the lives of many people, affected Kolchak.
« Doom" Empress Maria», - wrote Admiral Bubnov, - deeply shocked A. V. Kolchak. With his characteristic sublime understanding of his superior duty, he considered himself responsible for everything that happened in the fleet under his command [...]. He withdrew into himself, stopped eating, did not talk to anyone, so that those around him began to fear for his sanity. Upon learning of this, the Sovereign ordered me to immediately go to Sevastopol and hand over to A.V. Kolchak, that he does not see any guilt behind him in the death of the "Empress Maria", treats him with invariable goodwill and orders him to calmly continue his command. Arriving in Sevastopol, I found at the headquarters a depressed mood and anxiety about the state of the admiral, which now began to express itself in extreme irritation and anger. Although I was close to A. V. Kolchak, I confess that I went to his admiral's quarters not without fear; however, the merciful words of the Sovereign I conveyed to him had an effect, and after a long friendly conversation he completely came to his senses, so that in the future everything went into its own track.».
But it was not ambition and irritability that became the reason that the gendarmerie took Kolchak into a secret development. General Spiridovich writes in his memoirs about important meetings in St. Petersburg, in October 1916, under the chairmanship of M. M. Fedorov, in private apartments, including those of Maxim Gorky. These meetings took place at least twice a month. In 1916, at meetings in Gorky's apartment, a "sea plan" of a palace coup appeared, to which A.V. Kolchak, Kapnist allegedly agreed (the initials are unknown).
It is not known whether Spiridovich is right in his memoirs or not, but here are the memoirs of the murderer of G. E. Rasputin, Prince Felix Yusupov. Yusupov recalled that immediately after the February coup, he met with one of the main rebels, M. V. Rodzianko. Yusupov further writes:
« Seeing me, Rodzianko got up, walked over and asked straight away:
- Moscow wants to declare you emperor. What do you say?
It's not the first time I've heard this. For two months now we have been in St. Petersburg, and all sorts of people - politicians, officers, priests - told me the same thing. Soon Admiral Kolchak and Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich came to repeat:
- The Russian throne was not achieved by inheritance or election. He was captured. Take advantage of the opportunity. All the cards are in your hands. Russia is impossible without a tsar. But trust in the Romanov dynasty has been undermined. The people no longer want them».
So, according to Yusupov, Kolchak was among those who tried to replace Emperor Nicholas II on the throne with another person, in particular Felix Yusupov. This passage by Yusupov coincides with the information of Spiridovich. You can, again, not believe Yusupov, especially since the prince was a liar.
But here is some more information. In 1916, shortly before the February coup, the mayor of Tiflis, A. I. Khatisov, met in Tiflis with Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich and offered the latter to take the throne after the overthrow of the Emperor, which should happen in the very near future. At the same time, Khatisov assured the Grand Duke that Admiral Kolchak was completely on their side and was ready to provide the forces of his fleet for these purposes. At the same time, another Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich came to Tiflis to meet with Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich and also persuaded his relative to support the conspiracy against the Tsar, again referring to the loyalty of the Black Sea Fleet. In this regard, it is interesting that in the memoirs of Yusupov, Kolchak and Nikolai Mikhailovich also act in the same bundle.
Immediately after February, it became known about the plan according to which the Black Sea Fleet was to go to Batum and there, and along the entire coast, make a demonstration in favor of Nikolai Nikolaevich, and deliver him through Odessa to the Romanian front and declare Emperor, and the Duke of Leuchtenberg - heir
Thus, there are so many references to Kolchak's involvement in the conspiracy against Emperor Nicholas II that they can hardly be considered mere coincidences.
Be that as it may, but Kolchak immediately and completely recognized both the February coup and the regime of the Provisional Government. On March 5, Kolchak ordered a prayer service and a parade on the occasion of the victory of the revolution; at a rally in Sevastopol, he "expressed his devotion to the Provisional Government."
The admiral spoke about the same devotion during interrogation by the Chekists in 1920. To the interrogator's question: What form of government seemed to you personally for you the most desirable? Kolchak frankly answered: “ I was the first to recognize the Provisional Government, I believed that as temporary form it is desirable under the given conditions; it must be supported by all means; that any opposition to him would cause a collapse in the country, and I thought that the people themselves should establish a form of government in the constituent body, and whatever form they chose, I would submit. I thought that some sort of republican form of government would probably be established, and I considered this republican form of government to meet the needs of the country.
And here is another saying of Kolchak characterizing his "monarchism":
“I took an oath to our first Provisional Government. I took the oath in good conscience, considering this Government as the only Government that had to be recognized under those circumstances, and I was the first to take this oath. I considered myself completely free from all obligations in relation to the monarchy, and after the revolution took place, I took the point of view on which I always stood - that I, after all, did not serve this or that form of government, but I serve my homeland, which I put it above everything, and I consider it necessary to recognize the Government that then declared itself at the head of Russian power.
It is said very clearly, and completely dismisses all subsequent aspirations of Kolchak's fans "about the compulsion" of his service to the Provisional Government, about Kolchak's "secret monarchism". There was no monarchism, but there was great ambition and a desire for personal power. Throughout the spring of 1917, Kolchak communicated directly and by telegraph with Guchkov and Rodzianko. Guchkov repeatedly thanks Kolchak for his professionalism and devotion to the new government. At the same time, it is clear that certain forces saw Kolchak as a new dictator. When Kolchak arrived in Petrograd in June 1917, the so-called “right-wing” newspapers came out with huge headlines: “Admiral Kolchak is the savior of Russia”, “All power to Admiral Kolchak!”.
Interestingly, Admiral Kolchak arrived in Petrograd already in the new naval uniform of the Provisional Government. In the film "Admiral" this form is coquettishly presented in the form of either an American naval uniform, or in the form of a merchant marine uniform. In fact, the new naval uniform of the Provisional Government, introduced by order of the new Minister of War Guchkov, was deprived of shoulder straps, and the cockade was crowned with a five-pointed star. It is clearly visible in Kolchak's photograph of the summer of 1917. It is clear why the authors of the film betrayed the historical truth! How would they show the “fighter against Bolshevism”, who had a five-pointed star on his forehead!
Arriving in Petrograd, the Russian "monarchist" Kolchak hurries to meet with the worst enemies of the Russian monarchy and assure them of his full respect. Kolchak paid his first visit to the oldest Marxist G.V. Plekhanov. This is how Plekhanov himself recalled his meeting with Kolchak. " Today... I had Kolchak. I really liked him. It is evident that in his field well done. Brave, energetic, not stupid. In the very first days of the revolution, he took her side and managed to maintain order in the Black Sea Fleet and get along with the sailors. But in politics, he seems to be completely innocent. He led me straight into embarrassment with his cheeky carelessness. He entered cheerfully, in a military way, and suddenly said: - I considered it my duty to introduce myself to you, as the oldest representative of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party.
Enter my position! I am a socialist-revolutionary! I tried to amend: - Thank you, very glad. But let me tell you...
However, Kolchak, without stopping, minted: ... to the representative of the Socialist Revolutionaries. I am a sailor, I am not interested in party programs. I know that in our navy, among the sailors, there are two parties: the Socialist-Revolutionaries and the Social Democrats. I saw their proclamations. I don’t understand what the difference is, but I prefer the Socialist-Revolutionaries, since they are patriots. The Social-Democrats, on the other hand, do not love their fatherland, and besides, there are a lot of Jews among them...
I fell into complete bewilderment after such a greeting, and with the most gracious meekness tried to lead my interlocutor out of error. I told him that not only was I not a socialist-revolutionary, but I was even known as an opponent of this party, who had broken many spears in the ideological struggle against it ... , - not a Jew, but a Russian nobleman, and I love my fatherland very much! Kolchak was not at all embarrassed. He looked at me with curiosity, muttered something like: well, it doesn’t matter, and began to talk vividly, interestingly and intelligently about the Black Sea Fleet, about its state and combat missions. He spoke very well. Probably a good admiral. Only very weak in politics ...».
From this passage, the whole cynicism of Kolchak is visible. He calls the Socialist-Revolutionaries, bloody murderers and terrorists, "patriots of Russia", with only one purpose: to please the "Socialist-Revolutionary", as he suggests, Plekhanov. Hearing from Plekhanov that he had nothing to do with the Socialist-Revolutionaries, but, on the contrary, was a "Social Democrat", Kolchak carelessly throws "it's not important" and continues the conversation. Plekhanov decided that this was a sign of a weak politician, but in fact it was Kolchak's complete moral promiscuity. In this he is very reminiscent of another tsarist officer - Tukhachevsky. We can safely put forward the assumption that if the situation had developed differently, then Kolchak would have joined the Red Army without hesitation.
In addition to Plekhanov, the "monarchist" Kolchak met another "patriot" of Russia, the Social Revolutionary Boris Savinkov, the organizer of the assassination of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich and the organizer of the assassination attempts on Emperor Nicholas II. Close relations were established between the "monarchist" and the "patriot". Suffice it to say that Savinkov represented the Kolchak government and his Union bureau abroad.
Kolchak's connection with Savinkov, a freemason and a secret agent of British intelligence, gave reason to some authors to believe that Kolchak himself was recruited by the British. However, it seems that these statements do not take into account the frenzied ambition of people like Kolchak. The assertion that Kolchak was an English spy is just as absurd as the assertion that Lenin was a German spy. Another thing is that such people were ready for the sake of their ambition to enter into a tactical alliance with anyone to achieve their personal goals.
Kolchak's relationship with Kerensky was also not as acrimonious as it is portrayed in the film. Of course, Kolchak did not say any proud words about Kerensky's responsibility for the collapse of the army and navy to the head of the Provisional Government. Moreover, he turned to him for help. Another thing is that by the summer of 1917, almost the same anarchy was already happening in the Black Sea Fleet as in the Baltic. Performances of sailors and riots were replaced one after another. June 6, 1917 Kolchak was removed from the post of commander of the Black Sea Fleet. Then the admiral, apparently, did not assume that he would never return to naval service again.
They are constantly trying to explain to us that the removal of Kolchak from the post of commander of the fleet was caused solely by Kerensky's fear of the popular personality of the admiral. But in fact, this is not entirely true. Even before the resignation of Kolchak, American Vice Admiral J. G. Glennon and the personal representative of the American president, Senator E. Ruth, arrived in Sevastopol. Apparently already then, in Sevastopol, they turned to Kolchak with a proposal to go to the United States to assist the Americans who had entered the war in organizing the mine business. What real goals this proposal had and when Kolchak agreed to them is not clear, but already in July 1917, in a letter to his mistress A. V. Timereva, Kolchak writes the following: “Now I can speak more or less definitely about my future future. Upon my arrival in Petrograd, I received an invitation from US Ambassador Root and from Admiral Glennon's Naval Mission to serve in the US Navy. Despite the severity of my position, I still did not dare to immediately irrevocably break with the Motherland, and then Ruth and Glennon quite ultimatum suggested that the Provisional Government send me as head of a military mission to America to serve during the war in the U. S. Navy [US Navy]. Now this issue has been resolved by the government in a positive way, and I am waiting for the final formation of the mission.”
On July 27, 1917, Kolchak leaves for the USA, but on the way he stops in England, where he spends almost a month. Officially, the Russian admiral studied British military achievements. However, Kolchak was not going to leave an active political life. Just before leaving, he received a telegram from Petrograd with a proposal to put forward his candidacy for the Constituent Assembly from the Kadet Party. He agreed.
In early August, Kolchak arrives in the United States, where he is met in person. high level. He met with the US Secretary of the Navy, his assistant, the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of War. On October 16, Kolchak was received by President V. Wilson.
Just two months later, Kolchak leaves the United States and heads to the island of Yokohama (Japan). The purpose of this trip is again unclear. One gets the impression that Kolchak is being deliberately brought to the future theater of operations. Here in Yokohama, Kolchak learns about the October Revolution.
Upon learning of the coup, Kolchak began to ask to serve in the British army "at least as a simple soldier." He turned with such a request to the British envoy in Tokyo, Sir Green. After some time, he received a positive response and was sent to Bombay, from where he was supposed to be transported to the British possessions in Mesopotamia. But halfway through, Kolchak received a telegram saying that he should not go to Mesopotamia, since the British crown did not need his services. Therefore, Kolchak moved to Beijing to the Russian Embassy. From here, his path to seizing power in the East of Russia will begin.
The circumstances under which Kolchak's star rose as the "supreme ruler" of Russia are full of ambiguities. It should be said that after the overthrow of the monarchy, France and England considered the territory of Russia as their prey. In the spring of 1918, the high command of the Allies in the Entente decided to overthrow the "pro-German" regime of the Bolsheviks, and establish their own over Russia. full control. All anti-Bolshevik forces were subordinate to the French general M. Janin. The French plans included the occupation of the Far East and Siberia, as well as the Crimea in the South, the British planned to capture Murmansk and Arkhangelsk, the Romanians - Bessarabia. Meanwhile, this situation did not suit the Americans, who seemed to be left with nothing. The United States urgently needed a man in Russia. And Admiral Kolchak became such a person. On November 18, 1918, Kolchak overthrew the pro-Anantov directory and proclaimed himself the "Supreme Ruler of Russia." It is noteworthy that the first of the foreign representatives who visited the admiral was the US Consul General in Irkutsk, Harris. He officially told Kolchak that the US government would give him full support. In 1918-1919, the Americans gave Kolchak 600 thousand rifles, more than 4.5 million rounds of ammunition, 220 thousand shells, a large number of guns and machine guns, 330 thousand pairs of army shoes. In February 1919, the American government sent a special military mission to the south of Russia. It was led by the former US military attache in Petrograd, Lieutenant Colonel Riggs. The task of the mission included organizing all kinds of assistance to the Kolchak armies.
Relying on American support, Kolchak was able to remove General Zhanin from the post of de facto commander in chief, for which the latter did not fail to subsequently take revenge on the admiral by handing him over to death. Kolchak's regime was an ugly combination of outward Russian state paraphernalia with Socialist-Revolutionary ministers, semi-English uniforms and French advisers. Among these advisers was the brother of Yakov Sverdlov, Zinovy Sverdlov, who then bore the surname Peshkov. The head of the Kolchak government was V.N. Pepelyaev, a cadet who enthusiastically greeted the February Revolution, a former commissar of the Provisional Government.
Especially blasphemous is the title of Kolchak - "Supreme Ruler". It is known that such a title belonged to only one person in Russia - the Sovereign Emperor. Who and by what right awarded this title to Vice Admiral Kolchak?
Kolchak was never free in his decisions. He spoke about this himself. Lieutenant General K. V. Sakharov, a close associate of Kolchak, gives the following conversation with him:
« - The Russian people cannot, continued the admiral, stop at anyone, nor be satisfied with anyone.
- How do you imagine, Your Excellency, the future?
—Just like every honest Russian. /.../ All sections of the Russian people, starting with the peasants, think only about the restoration of the monarchy, about calling their people's Leader to the throne - the legitimate Tsar. Only this is successful.
- So why not announce now that the Omsk government understands the people's desires and will follow them this way?
The admiral laughed sarcastically.
- And what will our foreigners, allies say? What will our ministers say?
The most frankly democratic nature of the Kolchak regime was revealed by the head of the "Arkhangelsk government" Socialist-Revolutionary N.V. Tchaikovsky. In 1919, he was summoned to Versailles for a conference of the victorious powers, where on May 9 he had a conversation with US President Wilson and British Prime Minister Lloyd George. It was about Kolchak. Tchaikovsky assured high-ranking interlocutors that "Kolchak is supported by democratic forces" and that the admiral would follow a "democratic policy."
In this regard, I would like to say a few words about the role of Kolchak in the investigation of the Yekaterinburg atrocity. There is an order from Kolchak to assist the investigation of N. A. Sokolov to investigate the murder Royal Family. On the margins of this document is the following resolution of General Dieterichs, apparently made by him later: “ The Supreme Ruler really did not want to give me this order, since he is under the strong influence of the German-Jewish Party and any establishment of the truth in this matter is extremely undesirable to him.»
Kolchak's regime could not fail to collapse. At its basis, as well as the Bolshevik basis, there was a big lie. But unlike the Bolshevik lie, Kolchak's lie was spiritually more dangerous, because it was covered with national banners, golden shoulder straps, Russian state symbols. Kolchak usurped the sacred rights and prerogatives of the Russian Tsar, and the pathetic propaganda of the "Constituent Assembly" emphasized this usurpation even more.
General Sakharov wrote in his memoirs: The version was widely spread among the people that the white army was marching with priests in full vestments, with banners and singing “Christ is Risen!” This legend spread deep into Russia; Two months later, we were still told by those who made their way through the Red Front to our side from the Volga region: the people there joyfully crossed themselves, sighed and looked with enlightened eyes to the east, from where their native, close Rus' was already coming in their dreams. Five weeks later, when I arrived at the front, they conveyed their thoughts to me when I went around our combat units west of Ufa:
- You see, Your Excellency, what happened, bad luck. And then, after all, the people were completely dreaming, the end of the torment, they thought. We hear that Mikhail Lyaksandrych himself is walking with the white army, he has declared himself Tsar again, he has mercy on everyone, he gives land. Well, the Orthodox people came to life, grew bolder, which means they even began to beat the commissars. Everyone was waiting, ours will come, there is little left to endure. And in fact, it didn’t turn out that way.”
It is this feeling that “it didn’t work out that way” that explains main reason popular passivity. And although at the beginning the people gladly went with the admiral against the Reds, more than 150 thousand Ural workers fought in the ranks of the Kolchak army, then as the fighting continued, popular support left Kolchak. The people intuitively felt that Kolchak was not the legitimate leader of Russia, that he was the same impostor as the commissars were.
At the end of the Kolchak epic, under the blows of the Red armies, everyone turned away from Kolchak. The allies betrayed him first. General Zhanin, following a secret order from Paris, handed over the admiral and the head of his government, V.N. Pepelyaev, to the Reds. On February 7, 1920, by personal order of Lenin, Kolchak and Pepelyaev were shot. Kolchak met death courageously, as befits an officer. What can not be said about Pepelyaev. Contrary to the film, Pepelyaev, according to eyewitnesses, lost his presence of mind and begged for mercy. The bodies of Kolchak and Pepelyaev were thrown into the Angara.
They say that Kolchak liked to repeat the phrase: "Nothing is given for free, you have to pay for everything and not evade payment." His life and death were the best proof of the truth of this saying.
The White Army gave many examples of brave and courageous, disinterested Russian officers and soldiers. General Kappel, General Markov, General Mamontov, Lieutenant Nezhentsov. The same examples were given by the Red Army: Chapaev, Budyonny, Mironov. These people, each in their own way, thought that they were fighting for Russia, for her better lot. You can talk about these people with respect and give them their due. But you can never make heroes out of them. For there can be no heroes in a fratricidal war.
Moreover, it is impossible to glorify and exalt the leaders of the fratricidal war: Kolchak, Denikin, Frunze, Kamenev, Vatsetis, Wrangel. And no matter how different Kolchak and Lenin were from each other, they were united by one thing: the readiness to shed fraternal blood in the name of foreign political goals, in the name of an ephemeral “bright future”. Admiral Kolchak openly wrote about this after the Brest Peace: “ The war is lost. We will wait for a new war, as the only bright future, but for now we need to finish the present one, and then start on a new one.
The victory of Kolchak, Denikin or Wrangel would mean the economic occupation of Russia by the British, French and Americans. Let's not forget that the governments of Kolchak and Wrangel had clear obligations on this issue to the allies. The same thing would happen, only outwardly in milder forms, which happened under the Bolsheviks. But if the robbery of Russia by the Bolsheviks was perceived precisely as a robbery, then the robbery of Russia under the rule of the whites would be perceived as legitimate actions of the national Russian government.
They will tell us, but why shouldn't we have fought Bolshevism at all? Why was it necessary to give the country to desecration without any resistance? No, we say. Of course, it was necessary to fight the Bolshevik monster. But this should have been done by people with a clear conscience and clean hands. These were supposed to be new Minins and Pozharskys, new Ivan Susanins, and not politicians-generals who forgot their duty to the Tsar and the Fatherland and dreamed of the laurels of "supreme rulers." But the whole paradox lies in the fact that if in the Russian army and Russian society there were Pozharskys and Susanins, faithful to their duty and oath, no fight against Bolshevism would be needed, since it simply would never have happened.
Of course, the real Kolchak and Kolchak performed by Khabensky are two completely different people. But still the hero of the film is Kolchak. Millions of people who today do not know history at all will perceive Kolchak precisely through the talented play of Khabensky, which means that the very ambiguous figure of the admiral, one of the organizers of the Civil War, will firmly enter the consciousness of generations as a positive figure. Such a person wants to imitate. What to imitate? Kolchak's participation in the First World War is shown little and sparingly. But Kolchak's love story is painted in all colors. Abstracting from the real Kolchak and not at all wanting to delve into his personal life, I would still like to note that the story of an officer who stole his lawful wife from his comrade-in-arms and left his wife and child for arbitrariness of fate.
Is it worth erecting a monument in Omsk to the traitor Kolchak?
Such a formulation of the question, perhaps, resembles Jesuitism. And yet, there are people who loudly declare: it's worth it! This "firmness" was encouraged earlier from the so-called "Polezhaev's plan". However, that "plan" was ridiculed by the people as a relapse of the regional personality cult. But the ideas of the former governor, incorporated in that "document", today live and live in the minds of a considerable part of Omsk residents. And, most importantly, in the head of the pensioner Polezhaev, corrupting and dividing the Omsk people into two fronts. Indeed, in our city there are no more serious problems than to erect or not to erect a monument to the traitor Kolchak!
What was this betrayal?
Young Sasha Kolchak, upon graduation from the Naval Cadet Corps, took an oath to be a faithful son of His Imperial Majesty, to serve his country honestly. The sworn promise sounded solemn:
“I, named below, promise and swear by Almighty God before his holy Gospel that I want and owe His Imperial Majesty, my true and natural All-Merciful Great Sovereign Emperor Nikolai Alexandrovich, Autocrat of All Russia and legitimate Heir of His Imperial Majesty the All-Russian Throne, rightly and to serve without hypocrisy, not sparing one's life, to the last drop of blood, and all to His High Imperial Majesty Autocracy, the strength and power of the rights and advantages that belong, legitimized and legitimized ahead, at the utmost understanding, strength and ability to fulfill "
The military oath of a naval officer A.V. Kolchak held high and with dignity. As a military officer, he remained after the revolution of 1905-1907. and creation State Duma monarchist.
First betrayal
Kolchak
After the February bourgeois revolution of 1917, true to the monarchist idea, A.V. Kolchak took a sharply counter-revolutionary position. And then he graciously fell into the arms of the Provisional Government - a clearly anti-monarchist structure. It was during the February Revolution, under pressure from the Provisional Government and under the influence of some leaders of the State Duma, that Kolchak would become an active participant among some of the military leaders who arrested Nicholas II. So, in particular, Nicholas II was arrested, forcing the former Emperor to take off his “monograms and aiguillettes”, the chief of staff of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, General Alekseev; The queen was arrested on March 8 personally by General Kornilov. Kolchak also appeared in their ranks, putting his signature in support of the arrest of the Emperor. For this support, the Provisional Government elevated Kolchak to the rank of full admiral. So let’s immediately discard the worn-out version that Kolchak, as a military man who once swore allegiance to the service of the monarch, so zealously took part in the meat grinder of the Civil War against the Bolsheviks.
Second
betrayal
Kolchak
The former commander of the Black Sea Fleet at the beginning of June 1917, who had just been promoted to "full" admiral by the Provisional Government, was urgently sent by the Provisional Government on a business trip to Great Britain and the USA. “June 17 (30), – the admiral reported to the person closest to him A.V. Timireva, - I had a top secret and important conversation with US Ambassador Ruth and Admiral Glennon ... I'm leaving in the near future for New York. So, I found myself in a position close to a condottiere "(that is, a hired military leader).
In early August, Kolchak secretly arrived in London. “The British were aware of my trip and my mission. I was driving through Sweden under a false name. The attitude towards me was the most kind "... "I was with Admiral Jelico, who at that time was the Minister of the Navy - the first Lord of the Admiralty; was several times with the chief of the naval general staff, General Holl.
Then Kolchak again secretly went to the United States, where he conferred not only with the military and naval ministers (which was natural for the admiral), but also with the foreign minister and the president. “I talked with him,” Kolchak notifies his mistress A.V. Timirev, - a few minutes about the state of affairs in Russia.
In October 1917, Kolchak was found in the United States by a telegram from St. Petersburg with a proposal to put forward his candidacy for the elections to the Constituent Assembly from the Cadets Party; he immediately announced his consent. But just a few days later it happened October Revolution. The admiral decided not to return to Russia for the time being and agreed “to the service of His Majesty the King of Great Britain”… “Then I went to the English envoy Sir Greene… with a request to bring to the attention of the English government that I ask you to accept me into the English army on any conditions… »
Two weeks later, a reply came from the British Minister of War. “I was first informed that the British government was willing to accept my proposal for enlistment in the army and asked me where I would prefer to serve. I replied that ... I do not put any conditions and offer to use me in any way it finds possible. This was much more serious...
It is from Omsk that openly close relations between Kolchak and the allies are established. What was it expressed in? Firstly, Kolchak arrived in Omsk in October 1918 in the carriage of the English General A. Knox. Like bees swarming around the admiral, "advisers" were spinning - the representative of America Harris, France - Reno, England - Colonel Ward ...
« Civil War, - admitted during interrogation in Irkutsk A.V. Kolchak, - must be merciless. I order the commanders of the units to shoot all captured communists. Either we shoot them or they shoot us.” However, as you know, not only communists were shot. Whole villages were destroyed, which, as a rule, were burned. “I knew,” the admiral modestly admitted during interrogation, “two or three such cases where villages were burned, and I recognized this as correct.” But a lot has been written about these bloody deeds of Kolchak ... Omsk residents are well-read about this!
...Meanwhile, the deployment of the Allied military forces proceeded in spiritual excitement. In January 1919, Janen was appointed commander of the armed forces of all allied states "in the East of Russia and Western Siberia". According to the decision of the allies " On supporting anti-Soviet forces through direct intervention”(March 1918), as of May 1, 1919, their corps already numbered 202.5 thousand people. Including 44.6 thousand British troops; 13.6 thousand French; 20 thousand Japanese; 42 thousand Serbian, etc. However, the main hope was nevertheless associated with the name of A.V. Kolchak, "under arms" which recruited about 400 thousand people. It inspired both sides...
On June 3, 1919, an appeal of five powers was handed to Kolchak, declaring sympathy for the Omsk authorities. And how can you not praise the admiral!
At a meeting of the Irkutsk Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry on January 26, 1920, Kolchak burst into a long monologue: “The Allies spent enormous amounts of money to help us ... What will we have to pay? I said. It is no secret to anyone that we are in the most distressed situation, and we will have to pay in kind - the territory and our natural resources. And here comes, in the end, the specter of our division; we will lose our political independence, we will lose our outskirts, in the end, we will turn into the so-called "Muscovy" - a neutral state that is forced to do what they please. But everything that determined our political independence and freedom will be taken away from us. That was the point."
That is, as a literate person - scientist A.V. Kolchak understood well what he was doing and what it could lead to! But, however, bent all the same line - the murder of relatives.
Great hopes were certainly pinned on Kolchak; Denikin, Kornilov, Gurko and other generals were not particularly taken into account (although military feeding was thrown to them “from the imperialist shoulder”). But they were not connected with foreign countries. Kolchak was elevated to the “Supreme Rulers” by the interventionists. Here's another example of that. When the White Czechs at first refused to recognize the Kolchak regime, a representative of the “allies”, the Minister of War of Czechoslovakia Stefanek, came to them and explained: “ The coup was being prepared not only in Omsk - the main decision was made in Versailles". (The Supreme Military Council of the Allies met in Versailles). A little later, Churchill, speaking in the British Parliament, said: "The British government recognized him (Kolchak) to be with our help when the need demanded it".
And the help of the allies was by no means mythical. For example, England fully provided the army of the Supreme Ruler of the Russian state with uniforms (from shoes to hats and footcloths) and fully armed his soldiers. By March 1919, Kolchak received from the USA, in addition to the English arsenal: 394 thousand rifles, 15.6 million cartridges, etc. " French epaulette, English uniform, Japanese tobacco - ruler of Omsk". Thus, one might say, the popular image of Kolchak was created - Omsk in misfortune.
29 railway cars of Russia's gold reserves, captured by the White Czechs and the White Guards, fell into Kolchak's hands. Translated into "the weight of gold" - 346 tons. And people know that part of that untold wealth that belonged to Soviet Republic, Kolchak managed to smuggle through the cordon. So, as the main foreign borrower, "Supreme" seems to have gotten even a bit ... However, there was a considerable debt to the Motherland!
Vladimir POLKANOV,
doctor historical sciences,
professor of OmSTU.
P.S. Yes, because the title suggests a story about three betrayals. Well, let's add that Kolchak not only sold his country, but also, I'm sorry, cheated on his wife, leaving two children in her "arms". His mistress, Anna Vasilievna Timireva, was “taken away” from his closest friend, colleague. Such was A.V. Kolchak, a former admiral who, unfortunately, did not disdain either political or moral values, becoming, in the end, "a complete traitor."
... As for the monument, we have a lot of famous Omsk residents who would have to build a whole gallery of monuments for the 300th anniversary of the city of Omsk. Or all the same, using the example of Kolchak, will we raise corrupt traitors to the Motherland - shifters, elevating betrayal to the rank of prosperity?
ON THE PICTURE: A.V. Kolchak with representatives of the allied powers at St. George's holiday in Omsk. To the right of Kolchak: General Janin, Deputy High Commissioner of the French Government Count de Martel, representative of the branch of the Czechoslovak National Council B.I. Pavel. Omsk (square on the site of the current Dynamo stadium). December 9, 1918.
This material was published on the BezFormata website on January 11, 2019,below is the date when the material was published on the site of the original source! The results of the week - the version of the City55. This week, special attention was drawn to personnel reshuffles in the Russian Federation.
Gorod55.Ru
26.01.2020 Alexander Burkov, at a meeting with the contestants of the regional semi-finals of the Leaders of Russia management competition in Novosibirsk, spoke about the construction of the Omsk-Fedorovka airport.
Gorod55.Ru
26.01.2020 January 19 at the youth library "Quarter 5/1" as part of federal project"Another University" organized an exhibition of works by photographer Galina Guselnikova.
Young guard
26.01.2020
On January 20, activists of the Omsk regional branch of MGER held a series of single-person pickets near the building management company"Zhilischnik-3" in order to attract attention and remove ice blocks and icicles from the roofs of apartment buildings.
Young guard
26.01.2020
On January 21, activists of the Omsk regional branch of MGER, within the framework of the federal project "Patriotism in Action", visited the historical park "Russia - My History" for college students at OmSTU.
Young guard
26.01.2020
On January 21, within the framework of the federal direction "Good in Action", activists of the Omsk regional branch of MGER provided targeted assistance to a large family.
Om1.Ru
26.01.2020
omskportal.ru The new airport was recommended to be included in the projects needed by the state.
RIA Omsk-Inform
25.01.2020
