Darkened hall. Videophone.
Screensaver
“The valor of parents is the legacy of children...”
Music to which the participants of the evening go out: “Anxious times. I Am Woodalchi. First - boys, then, in minor, girls
The music stops. On the screen is the Monument to M.I. Kutuzov on the Borodino field (architect P. Vorontsov-Velyamov, 1912)
INTRODUCTION
A.S. Pushkin. MEMORIES IN TSARSKOYE SELO
Vinokurov Daniil
The pall of gloomy night hangs over
On the vault of slumbering skies;
The valleys and groves rested in silent silence,
In the gray fog there is a distant forest;
You can barely hear a stream running into the shadow of the oak grove,
The breeze barely breathes, asleep on the sheets,
And the quiet moon, like a majestic swan,
Floating in silvery clouds.
******************************
Efimov Nikita
Oh, loud age of military disputes,
Witness to the glory of the Russians!
(Vasily Surikov. Crossing the Alps)
Have you seen how Orlov, Rumyantsev and Suvorov,
Descendants of the formidable Slavs,
Perun Zeus stole the victory;
The world marveled at their brave exploits;
Derzhavin and Petrov rattled a song for the heroes
Strings of thunderous lyres.
Guslinsky Denis
And you rushed by, unforgettable!
And soon new Age saw
And new battles and war horrors;
To suffer is a mortal's lot.
(V. Vereshchagin. The vanquished. Requiem service)
The bloody sword flashed in the indomitable hand
By the deceit and insolence of a crowned king;
The scourge of the universe has risen - and soon there will be a new war
A menacing dawn dawned.
(Sculptural group “Military Leaders”. Fragment of the monument to M.I. Kutuzov and the glorious sons of the Russian people who won the Patriotic War of 1812. P. 379; Sculptural group “Soldiers, militias. Fragment of the monument to M.I. Kutuzov and the glorious sons of the Russian people who won the Patriotic War of 1812 p. 380)
Efimov Nikita
And they rushed with a fast stream
Enemies on Russian fields.
(Russians in 1812. Art. K.L. Przhetslavsky. 1855, p. 47)
Before them the gloomy steppe lies in a deep sleep,
The earth is smoking with blood;
And the villages are peaceful, and the cities are burning in the darkness,
(Defense of Smolensk. Art. Krivonogov. 1966. P. 61-62)
And the sky covered itself with a glow,
Dense forests shelter those running,
And the idle plow rusts in the field.
Eichmann Ksenia
Be afraid, O army of foreigners!
The sons of Russia moved;
(The feat of Raevsky’s soldiers near Saltanovka. Art. N. Samokish. 1912. P. 49; Cavalry battle in the rye. Fragment of the panorama “Battle of Borodino.” Art. F. Rubo. 1912. P. 182-183; The feat of an unknown hero. Fragment panoramas “Battle of Borodino”. F. Roubo. 1912. P. 193))
Both old and young rebelled; fly on the daring<,>
Their hearts are set on fire with vengeance.
Tremble, tyrant! the hour of fall is near!
You will see a hero in every warrior,
Their goal is either to win or to fall in the heat of battle
For Rus', for the holiness of the altar.
Losskaya Olga
O you who trembled
Europe's tribes are strong,
O ravenous Gauls!(V.V. Vereshchagin. On the high road - retreat, flight...; V. Vereshchagin. Night halt of the French army)
And you fell to your graves.
O fear! O terrible times!
Where are you, beloved son of happiness and Bellona,
(V. Vereshchagin. Napoleon and Marshal Lauriston. P. 243)
The voice that despises truth, and faith, and law,
In pride, dreaming of overthrowing thrones with a sword?
Disappeared like a bad dream in the morning!
Kuznetsova Sonya
O inspired skald of Russia,
The formidable formation sung of the warriors,
In the circle of comrades, with an ignited soul,
Sound the golden harp!
(Monument to M.I. Kutuzov on the Borodino field (architect P. Vorontsov-Velyamov, 1912)
Yes, again a harmonious voice will be shed in honor of the heroes,
And proud strings will sprinkle fire into hearts,
And the young warrior will boil and tremble
At the sound of a swearing singer.
OPENING THE EVENING
Ignatenko Natasha
(at the screen): “The valor of parents is the legacy of children...”. These words, inscribed in gold on two monuments of the Borodino field, make us remember our heroic ancestors who defended the Fatherland in the general battle with Napoleonic army on August 26, 1812.
Dmitriev Pasha
2012 has been declared the Year of Russian history. And today, shortly before its end, in the year of the bicentenary of the Battle of Borodino, we remember the Patriotic War of 1812 and its heroes.
Khorosheva Nastya
War was expected and inevitable. At the beginning of the year
(Portrait of Napoleon in the Imperial Cabinet. David Jacques Louis)
Napoleon recruited half of Europe. In addition to the French, the Grand Army included Italians, Germans, Croats, Austrians, Dutch, Portuguese, Poles...
Bonaparte did not hide his intentions regarding the Russian campaign. For him, she was, in modern terms, a compulsion to friendship. Against England.
Chernikova Tanya
The Emperor demanded that the main condition of the Peace of Tilsit be observed - a continental blockade of the main enemy of France, and Russia in 1810 introduced free trade with neutral countries, that is, traded with Foggy Albion through intermediaries.
In addition, Bonaparte was haunted by the laurels of Alexander the Great; a joint military campaign of France and Russia to distant India loomed in the future.
Dmitriev Pasha
However, the Russian Empire simply could not fulfill the enslaving conditions of the Peace of Tilsit imposed on it in 1807. By refusing to trade with England, Russia almost strangled its economy. The volume of foreign trade decreased by 43 percent.
Ignatenko Natasha
In his appeal to the Grand Army, Napoleon wrote: “In Tilsit, Russia swore an eternal alliance with France and swore to wage war with England. She is now breaking her oath... Rock entails Russia, its destinies must be fulfilled. ... It puts us before a choice: dishonor or war.”
START
(Main Title – Choral. Ver.) – background music
1. Rodionova Sveta. In the early spring of 1812, Napoleon's “grand army” began to slowly advance towards the Russian borders.
Huge masses of troops were on the move. Together with allied forces About 640 (six hundred and forty) thousand people took part in the march to the east.
2. Kleshcheva Anna. In May, the main forces of the “great army” moved to the Vistula. Napoleon decided to defeat the Russian armies in a border battle, occupy Vilna and dictate his terms to Emperor Alexander, who was left without an army.
3. Sosnitskaya Polina. Napoleon positioned his invasion forces along Russia's western border in three groups.
The main forces, which he personally commanded, were concentrated in East Prussia.
This group was opposed by the 1st Western Army on the eastern bank of the Neman and in the depths of Lithuania.
She was commanded by Barclay (PORTRAIT)
4. Rodionova Sveta. The central group of troops was concentrated near Polotsk. The 2nd Western Army was deployed against it.
She was commanded by Bagration (PORTRAIT)
5. Kleshcheva Anna. The enemy of the French Southern Army, deployed in the Warsaw area, was the 3rd Army under the command of Tormasov.
(end of music)
6. Sosnitskaya Polina. In total, the invasion force numbered 445 thousand people with 900 (nine hundred) guns. They were opposed by 222 (two hundred and twenty-two) thousand Russian soldiers and officers with 888 (eight hundred and eighty-eight) guns. Far to the south of the armies of Barclay, Bagration and Tormasov stood another Russian army - the Danube, fifty thousand people under the command of Admiral Chichagov (PORTRAIT).
General and Tsar
BARCLAY – Artem Baranov ( PORTRAIT)
Eichmann Ksenia. In March 1812, Barclay left St. Petersburg for Vilna, assuming the rights of commander-in-chief of the 1st Army and reserving the post of Minister of War of Russia.
Artem Baranov
On April 1, he wrote from Vilna to the Tsar: “It is necessary for the commanders of armies and corps to have drawn up plans for their operations, which they still do not have.”
Eichmann Ksenia. (PORTRAIT OF ALEXANDER)
The tsar did not send any “drawn plans” in response, simply because he did not have final versions. Meanwhile, war was already on the threshold. The Emperor needed to decide on something. On April 14 he was already in Vilna.
(Conjoined portrait: BARCLAY-ALEXANDER)
Artem Baranov. Barclay
At the center of the meetings in the main apartment was the plan of a Prussian military theorist in Russian service - General Pfuel. Everyone was against him, especially Barclay.
But the king remained silent for now.
Eichmann Ksenia.
From the notes of Secretary of State Shishkov: “The Emperor speaks of Barclay as if he were the chief commander of the troops, and Barclay says that he is only the executor of his orders. Could such a discrepancy between them serve for improvement and benefit?
Danila Vinokurov.
Alexander
The emperor really wanted to lead the entire army and gain the glory of a winner, but fears that victory would not be on his side stopped Alexander from taking this step. He never decided to become commander in chief. But, worst of all, he did not appoint anyone in his place.
Artem Baranov. Barclay
When Barclay suggested that Alexander appoint a commander-in-chief, the tsar avoided a direct answer, saying that...
Danila Vinokurov.
Alexander
As Minister of War, Barclay has the right to give any orders on behalf of the Emperor.
Eichmann Ksenia. Thus, on the very eve of the war, the Russian army was left without a commander in chief.
(music. Main Title – Choral. Ver. from 37th to 47th second – as an intro to “Neman”)
NEMAN
1.
Melnikova Anya. The advanced units of Napoleon's army approached the Neman and settled down, observing complete silence, without lighting fires. In the shortest possible time (literally in a couple of hours), three bridges were built at a distance of one hundred fathoms from one another.
1
)
2.
Gorbatenko Yana. Three hundred paces from the river, on the highest hill, the emperor’s tent could be seen. Around her, ALL the hills, their slopes and valleys were covered with people and horses.
(Picture. Crossing the Neman. To the text 2, 2a)
3.
Kuznetsova Sonya. But before the emperor had time to cross the river, a dull noise rang through the air.
(music. Main Title – Choral. Ver. from 30th second to 1.08)
Soon it began to get dark, the wind rose, and, General Philippe Paul de Segur later wrote, we could hear peals of thunder.
(Picture. Crossing the Neman. To text 3)
Many of those who had previously been enthusiastic became frightened, seeing this as a fatal omen. They imagined that flaming clouds were accumulating above our heads and descending to the ground to block our entry into Russia. The fields and roads were flooded with water, and the unbearable heat was immediately replaced by an unpleasant cold. Ten thousand horses died during this march and in the bivouacs. A huge number of carts were abandoned in the sands, and many people died afterwards.
4.
Melnikova Anya. There was another “sign” - on the eve of the crossing, a hare jumped out from under the feet of Napoleon’s horse, and the emperor fell to the ground. However, he chose not to consider this a bad omen.
5.
Kuznetsova Sonya. A whole colossus, accompanied by thousands of horses, carts and convoys, as well as a flotilla of 100 river vessels, moved towards Russia. The army was so large that the crossing lasted more than two days.
(Picture. Crossing the Neman. To text 5, 5a, 5b.)
7.
Gorbatenko Yana.
The emperor was counting on a small, victorious war. A couple of battles - and Alexander will sign all the conditions! At the beginning of 1812, he optimistically declared: “I will open the campaign by crossing the Neman. I will finish it in Smolensk and Minsk. I’ll stop there,” “I’m going to Moscow and in one or two battles I’ll finish everything.”
7a. Khorosheva Nastya. But the Russians did not wait for the French and hastily retreated. This was Barclay's strategic decision. As one of the officers of his army, Fyodor Nikolaevich Glinka, later wrote in his diary, “this prudent leader” “did not allow the slightest detachment to be cut off from him, did not lose almost a single gun, not a single convoy.”
Barclay's army retreated in perfect order, skillfully conducting rearguard battles, delaying the enemy at crossings, and inflicting surprise blows on him.
8.
Ignatenko Natasha. In the very first days of the war, the rearguard of the 1st Corps also distinguished itself - seven regiments under the command of General Yakov Petrovich Kulnev (PORTRAIT), who captured about a thousand French, and in the battle on June 16 they held back the onslaught of an entire French corps all day.
9.
Efimov Nikita .
And the memorable battle near the village of Saltanovka! When 20 thousand French blocked the way for Bagration, who was going to join the main forces.
(Musical background. Move&Run)
Fulfilling the will of the emperor, he ordered the seventh infantry corps of General Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky with fifteen thousand people to attack, but at the same time gave the order to build a crossing across the Dnieper at Novy Bykhov - in case of failure. Apparently, Bagration did not really believe in the success of the enterprise. Nevertheless, the corps of General Raevsky (PORTRAIT)
made every effort to get through to Mogilev.
At dawn on July 23, two Jaeger regiments of the 12th Infantry Division of Major General Kolyubakin knocked out the French posts across the stream, but they failed to take the dam. They were met with such strong artillery fire and such gunfire that they had to stop and allow themselves to be smashed with grapeshot and shot without moving for several minutes; in this case, for the first time we had to admit,” recalled the captain of the “grand army” Giraud de l’Ain, “that the Russians really were, as they said about them, walls that needed to be destroyed.”
The battle lasted more than ten hours, Russian troops broke into Saltanovka several times, but had to return. At night, Raevsky’s corps retreated to the village of Dashkovka. The Russians lost about 2,500 people in this battle, and the French 3,500 people.
(music goes away)
10.
Sosnitskaya Polina. Thanks to this episode, one of the most patriotic legends was born Patriotic War that Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky (PORTRAIT),
Wanting to inspire the soldiers, he not only rushed at the enemy himself, “but placed his two young sons next to himself and shouted: “Forward, guys, for the Tsar and for the Fatherland!” I and my children, whom I sacrifice, will open the way for you.”
“True, I was ahead. The soldiers backed away, I encouraged them. There were adjutants and orderlies with me,” said Raevsky. “Everyone on the left side was killed and wounded, and the buckshot stopped on me. But my children were not there at that moment. ... The whole joke was composed in St. Petersburg.”
10a.
Melnikova Anya. It is worth emphasizing that the state of affairs in the Russian army was further complicated by the fact that the tsar constantly interfered in them.
11.
Eichmann Ksenia. It is no secret that Alexander was a mediocre commander. During the Tilsit meeting, Napoleon told the Russian Tsar the famous: “Military affairs is not your craft,” and in the first days of the Patriotic War, he completely confirmed Bonaparte’s statement.
Alexandra’s sister, Grand Duchess Ekaterina Pavlovna, also understood the harm of the Tsar’s presence in the army: “If I wanted to expel you from the army, as you say, then here’s why: of course, I consider you as capable as your generals, but you need to play a role not only a commander, but also a ruler. If any of them does his job poorly, punishment and reproach await him, and if you make a mistake, everything will fall on you, faith in the one who, being the sole manager of the fate of the empire, should be a support will be destroyed...”
Clever Alexander heeded the arguments of those close to him and reluctantly went to Moscow.
12. (Conjoined portrait: BARCLAY-ALEXANDER)
(On stage Artem Baranov and Daniil Vinokurov)
Danila. Saying goodbye to Barclay, Alexander said: “I entrust you with my army. Don’t forget that I have no other, and let this thought never leave you.”
Artem. Barclay always remembered the tsar's parting words. In fact, it became the basis of his tactics for the near future - by saving the army, thereby saving Russia.
13. Gorbatenko Yana. However, at the same time, Alexander did not vest Barclay with the powers of commander-in-chief, to whom other armies would be subordinate. The ambiguity of his position was further aggravated by the fact that Barclay, Tormasov, and Bagration were equal in rank.
14. Khorosheva Nastya. But most importantly, without appointing commander-in-chief, Alexander thereby did not choose a war strategy - defensive, for which Barclay advocated, or offensive, the need for which Bagration constantly preached.
15.
Melnikova Anya. In general, many of the military leadership believed that the army should have stopped in front of Vitebsk and given the enemy a general battle, while Barclay went to Smolensk. But Bagration was especially indignant (PORTRAIT).
Georgy Goyaev.A direct and honest man, ardent and uncompromising, brought up under the banners of Suvorov and committed to his offensive tactics from a young age, he could not put up with the continuous withdrawal of armies.
And although the 1st Army retreated to Smolensk in just over a month, this period seemed monstrously long to Bagration. Already on the nineteenth day of the war, in a letter to the Tsar, he urgently demanded that Napoleon be given a general battle. Barclay's retreat from Vitebsk two weeks later infuriated Bagration. He wrote a letter to Barclay, full of reproaches, and argued that his withdrawal from Vitebsk opened the way for the French to Moscow. He wrote letters with a system of evidence to General Ermolov, the chief of staff of the 1st Army, trying to make him a like-minded person.
16.
Guslinsky Denis.
However, Ermolov (PORTRAIT), as a competent and far-sighted politician, could not agree with the commander of the 2nd Army. He understood the correctness of his commander’s strategic plan and in this situation, he was the only one who tried to soften the relationship between Bagration and Barclay.
Later, Ermolov will write about Barclay: “He is unhappy because the campaign of 1812 is not in his favor outwardly, for he retreats incessantly, but the consequences justify him... I defend him not out of commitment to him, but precisely out of TRUE JUSTICE.”
17.
Artem.
And “pure justice” was such that exactly half of the “great army” approached Smolensk: in 38 days of the war, Napoleon lost and left 200 thousand people in the rear garrisons.
18.
Dmitriev Pasha .
However, when the long-awaited union of the 1st and 2nd armies took place, when on the second day after the entry of the 1st Western Army into Smolensk Bagration arrived there, accompanied by his best generals - Raevsky, Vasilchikov, Vorontsov, Paskevich and Borozdin, all the strife and troubles moved aside.
19.
(Conjoined portrait: BARCLAY-BAGRATION)
Eichmann Ksenia . Barclay met Bagration with his head uncovered and hugged him in a friendly manner. On July 22, he wrote to the Tsar: “I dare to say in advance that GOOD UNANIMONY has been established, and we will act in complete agreement.”
20.
Dmitriev Pasha .
Unfortunately, Barclay's forecast did not come true; the “good unanimity” lasted less than a week. For the union of the two armies was perceived by soldiers and officers solely as the basis for the long-awaited victorious general battle.
21.
Artem.
Barclay was not so unconditional about the immediate offensive. He did not reject the very idea of an offensive, but accompanied his attitude to the oncoming battle with a number of reservations, remembering his promise to the tsar to take care of the army: “The Emperor, having entrusted the army to me in Polotsk, said that he had no other... I must act with the greatest caution and all ways to try to avoid its defeat.”
22. Dmitriev Pasha. Nevertheless, both armies advanced to meet the French. However, Napoleon decided to get ahead of the Russians. On August 2, 185 thousand French soldiers and officers crossed the Dnieper and moved to Smolensk.
(music The Dangerous Time from 34-35 seconds to 1.02-1.03)
On their way, near the village of Krasnoye, the division of General Dmitry Petrovich Neverovsky stood (PORTRAIT).
Having 7 thousand unfired recruits in its ranks, the division repelled 40 attacks by French cavalry in just one day and prevented the French from taking Smolensk on the move.
(Defense of Smolensk. Art. Krivonogov. 1-2-3)
SMOLENSK
1.
Kleshcheva Anya. On the way to the French to Smolensk, both our fellow countryman Pyotr Petrovich Konovnitsyn (PORTRAIT) and Dmitry Sergeevich Dokhturov (PORTRAIT) stood at the head of the regiments.
(music goes away)
Before the Battle of Smolensk, Dmitry Sergeevich fell ill with fever. And when Barclay asked the general if he could lead the troops, Dokhturov replied that he preferred an honorable death in battle to a shameful death in bed.
Pyotr Petrovich Konovnitsyn, being in one of the most difficult and dangerous sections of the Smolensk battle - the Malakhov Gate, was wounded, but did not leave the battle.
2.
Rodionova Sveta. The Russians stood unwavering. And Barclay again faced the question: should he go on a counteroffensive? The generals of his army and Bagration were for this. However, after weighing all the circumstances, he ordered to leave Smolensk.
Actually, Russian troops left the city only when there was nothing left to defend except the stone walls.
3.
Chernikova Tanya. Considering Barclay’s tactics disastrous for Russia, Bagration demanded that another commander be placed over the armies, who would enjoy everyone’s trust and would finally stop the retreat.
4.
Goyaev Georgy. Bagration's voice was the voice of the majority of soldiers, officers and generals of all Russian armies. The king could not help but listen to them.
5.
Ignatenko Natasha.
At the meeting of the emergency committee, 5 candidates were discussed: Bennigsen, Bagration, Tormasov, Palen, Kutuzov. The latter was recognized as the only one worthy of such a high appointment. The recommendation was presented to the emperor.
By the way, in July, Infantry General Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov headed the St. Petersburg militia, but everyone unanimously insisted that an experienced commander should not put men in guns, but lead the army.
However, Alexander made the final decision three days later - on August 8. The tsar connected his decision with the abandonment of Smolensk.
However, Alexander was insincere: Smolensk was abandoned on August 6, and the emergency committee was convened a day earlier - on the 5th, when fighting was still going on in Smolensk.
7.
Chernikova Tanya. Nevertheless, the decision was made. And on August 8, Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief.
(PORTRAIT)
7a.
Shavrov Kolya. Kutuzov was then 67 years old. He was the most experienced general in the Russian army and a very subtle politician. Suvorov, who after the capture of Izmail called Kutuzov his “right hand,” said: “Cunning, cunning! Smart, smart! No one will deceive him.” When Kutuzov was escorted to the army, his nephew asked: “Do you, uncle, really hope to defeat Napoleon?” “Smash? No, I don't hope to break it! And I hope to deceive!”
7b.
Petrov Volodya. He was called “the old satyr”, “the court fox”. In general, the epithet “fox” stuck to Kutuzov. Napoleon, having heard about the appointment of a new commander-in-chief of the Russian troops, called him “the old fox of the North.” Having learned about Bonaparte’s remark, Kutuzov said: “I will try to prove to the great commander that he is right.”
8.
Shavrov Nikolay
Having received the appointment, Kutuzov wrote a letter to Barclay
(Conjoined portrait: Kutuzov-Barclay)
on his own behalf, in which he expressed hope for the success of their joint service.
BORODINO. Introduction
9.
Sosnitskaya Fields. The first news that Kutuzov received on his way to the army was about the capture of Smolensk by the French. “The key to Moscow has been taken!” - Kutuzov exclaimed.
He found the troops preparing for battle... The next day, greeted by general jubilation, Kutuzov in an old field coat drove around the position, talked with the rank and file, and several times in the presence of Barclay de Tolly encouraged the servicemen: “Well, how can you keep retreating and retreating with such fine fellows?” !”
(Arrival of M.I. Kutuzov in Tsarevo-Zaimishche. Artist S. Gerasimov)
The mood among the troops increased: “Kutuzov came to beat the French,” the soldiers said. Everyone was expecting a battle. However, on August 31, an order was issued to REPRIDE.
The army retreated, waging bloody battles.
PEOPLE'S WAR
1.
Petrov Volodya. Five days before the great battle Denis Davydov (PORTRAIT)
He proposed to Bagration the idea of a partisan detachment. He borrowed this idea from the Guerillas - Spanish partisans.
The logic was simple: Napoleon, hoping to defeat Russia in twenty days, took that much provisions with him. And if you take away carts, fodder and break bridges, this will create big problems for him.
3.
Guslinsky Denis. Napoleon hated Davydov fiercely and ordered, when he was arrested, to be shot on the spot. For the sake of his capture, he allocated one of his best detachments of two thousand horsemen with 9 officers. Davydov, who had twice less people, managed to drive this detachment into a trap and take him prisoner along with all the officers...
4.
Efimov Nikita
Fedor Glinka. Partisan Davydov
Barbel. With his mind and pen he is as sharp as a Frenchman,
But the French are afraid of the saber:
He does not allow enemies to trample unharvested fields
And, twirling his hussar mustache,
Here he drowned in dense forests with a detachment -
And there’s no trace!.. Now he’s invisible, now he’s nearby,
Then, emerging again, after
Follows the noisy French regiments
And he catches them like fish, without a net, with his hands.
His bed is the earth, and the dense forest is his home!
And often he, with a crowd of Bashkirs and Cossacks,
And with a bunch of men and horse-riding Russian women,
In a peasant's army coat, although not a slave at heart,
Like a whirlwind, like a fire, on the cannons, on the carts,
And at night, like a brownie, he disturbs the enemy camp.
But in his verses he gives roses to the dear ones.
Davydov! It's you, poet and partisan!..
after reading a poem
(D. Davydov. “I love bloody battle.” YouTube)
Captions trim
6.
Kleshcheva Anya. People's patriotism was great
And there are plenty of examples of this. The militia consisted of three Jaeger and eight infantry regiments (a regiment has four battalions, a battalion has four companies, each company has 250 people). Weapons were a bit tight: three Jaeger and one infantry regiments were equipped with guns, the rest were content with pikes.
7.
Gorbatenko Yana. From the village of Koreneva and the village of Malye Ovrazhki five people joined the militia, from Telepnev from the village of Kosino - three, from State Councilor Orlov - twelve, from Chirikov from the village of Motyakov and the village of Kotelniki with the village of Chagino - thirty-seven people, from Lytkarino from Count Zotov - nine etc. But, according to estimates, less than a third returned.
(V.V. Vereshchagin. “Don’t hesitate! - Let me come!”)
8.
Nikita Efimov.
A pine tree blocked the road...
The best shooters are in the ambush. Heater!
And we are not blind.
Don't blame me, Bonjour,
Today you attacked the angry
And you will end up like a chicken plucked.
Pali! One, the other is slain!
Where are you going to get into trouble?
Even though we are infidels, we are Christians,
Your bodies were betrayed to the earth.
You didn’t find medals with us – your grave mounds.
Today the city is growing here,
And in those hills the bones had rotted away.
Don't come to visit us with a sword!
We have a guest and honor!
(music starts: Main Title – Choral. Ver. from 30 seconds)
(Militia in 1812. Artist I. Arkhipov)
9. Khorosheva Nastya.
It was L. Tolstoy who meant them when he said: “...The club of the people’s war rose with all its formidable and majestic force and, without asking anyone’s tastes and rules, with stupid simplicity, but with expediency without considering anything, rose, fell and nailed the French to until the entire invasion was destroyed.”
BORODINO!!!
1.
Dmitriev Pavel.
On August 23, the main forces of the 1st and 2nd armies reached a large field located 124 (one hundred twenty-four) kilometers from Moscow between the Old and New Smolensk roads.
In the center of the field are the village of Borodino and the village of Semenovskoye, in the south - the village of Utitsa, in the north - the village of Zakharyino.
In a space of approximately 50 sq. kilometers, two armies met, approximately each other's strengths: there were about 120 thousand Russians, about 135 French.
(Panorama “Battle of Borodino. Art. F. Roubaud. 1912)
2.
Sosnitskaya Polina
(V.V. Vereshchagin. Napoleon on the Borodino Heights)
Having gathered his army into a fist, in the early morning of August 26, Napoleon struck his first, seemingly crushing blow. The forces were unequal. The main blow was dealt to the Semenovsky (Bagrationov) flushes. Fierce fighting lasted until almost noon.
(On flashes of Bagration. Episode of the Battle of Borodino. Illustration for M. Lermontov’s poem “Borodino”. Chromolithograph by N. Bogatov)
2b.
Rodionova Sveta.“Under such conditions, it was unthinkable to keep the army from complete defeat and flight for 3 hours,” wrote Leo Tolstoy. “And they, the Russians, held out not for three, but for more than 10 hours and put 58 thousand of the enemy against 44 of their own, and thus bled the main forces of the French, forcing them to retreat to their original positions.”
3.
Losskaya Olya.
V.V. Vereshchagin
The end of the Battle of Borodino
On the evening of August 26th, at about five o'clock, battle of Borodino ended. What were the results of this bloodiest of battles? Very sad for Napoleon, because there was no victory here.
Napoleon himself admitted: “of all my battles, the most terrible was the one I fought near Moscow. The French showed themselves worthy of victory, and the Russians acquired the right to be invincible.” No wonder A.S. Pushkin, remembering Borodino, said:
But we have become a solid heel
And they took the pressure with their chests
Tribes obedient to the will of the proud,
And the unequal dispute was equal.
Fragments of the Borodino panorama
(slide show)
(Musical background. Move&Run)
1. The fight between Russian grenadiers and Friant’s division. Hood. F. Roubo.
2. The combined grenadier division is in a hurry to attack. Hood. F. Roubo.
3. Attack of the Russian cavalry on the French battery in the battle of Borodino. Hood. V. Mazurovsky.
4. Cavalry battle in rye. Hood. F. Roubo.
Guslinsky D. “The French army crashed against the Russian,” so aptly said General Yermolov, a participant in the battle.
Kleshcheva Anya. In this bloody battle, a total of 80,000 people died on both sides, including 49 generals.
Ignatenko Natasha. Under Barclay, who was seeking death, five horses were killed and wounded, but he himself remained unharmed.
Eichmann Ksenia. Major General Count Alexander Ivanovich Kutaisov, chief of all artillery of the 1st Army, fell dead. He was only 28 years old. No one witnessed his death, and only when they caught his horse with a bloody saddle did they understand the sad truth...
(Fatal wound of General Kutaisov. Artist I. Arkhipov)
Oh, woe! the faithful horse runs
Bloodied from battle;
On it is his broken shield...
And there is no hero on it.
!!! (B. Okudzhava, Isaac Schwartz. The Cavalry Guard's life is short-lived. Video. YouTube)
A second pause and... starts to sound
(music Sadness/Sadness)
The entire text is read to music.
Kuznetsova Sonya. In the fateful year 1812, on the eve of separation from her husband Alexander Alekseevich Tuchkov
(PORTRAIT)
Margarita Mikhailovna
(PORTRAIT)
I saw a terrible dream - in a frame there was an inscription sharply written in bloody letters on French: “Your fate will be decided in Borodino.” Large drops of blood separated from the letters and streamed down the paper.
“Where is Borodino? – she asked her husband. “They will kill you in Borodino!”
And so it happened: this terrible dream turned out to be prophetic. This happened on the Bagration flushes. When it seemed that there was no force capable of raising people to counterattack, Major General Alexander Tuchkov, brigade commander of the 3rd Infantry Division, grabbed the banner, turned to his infantrymen: “Are you cowardly, guys? So I’ll go alone...”
(The feat of General A.A. Tuchkov on the Borodino field. Art. V. Berkut)
They didn't let him go alone. The wounded Tuchkov fell into the arms of the soldiers. They tried to carry out their beloved commander, but then they were all covered by a cannonball...
Having learned about the death of her husband, she went to look for the body of the murdered man... What kind of force drove this woman to a terrible place, to the huge grave of seventy thousand people! She searched for Alexander’s body for two days... The search yielded nothing. After all, Tuchkov died from a direct hit from buckshot. She returned home. And she continued to believe that Alexander was alive. She woke up in the middle of the night and ran through the forest to a large highway, they brought her home, fearing for her sanity.
(Sculpture “The Lamentation of Mary Magdalene”)
Melancholy drove Margarita to the ground, where she hid her husband. Soon she settled on the edge of the Borodino field in a lodge. Then, having sold her jewelry, she erected a small Temple of the Savior Not Made by Hands on the site of her husband’s death.
Widows from all Russian provinces flocked here to pray for their murdered husbands.
When her son died, Margarita Tuchkova became a nun.
(Spaso-Borodinsky Monastery. On the site of Bagration’s flashes. Built by the widow M. Tuchkova)
(Slideshow on “Love and Separation” by I. Schwartz, O. Okudzhava. YouTube)
- Ignatenko Natasha. A fierce place in the battle, in addition to Bagration’s (Semyonov’s) flushes, was Raevsky’s battery.
Efimov Nikita Well, it was a day! Through the flying smoke
The French moved like clouds
And everything is at our redoubt.
Lancers with colorful badges,
Dragoons with ponytails
Everyone flashed before us,
Everyone has been here.
Guslinsky Denis. Raevsky's battery was one of those places where feats of unparalleled courage were performed. It was considered the key to the entire position, the French later called it “the grave of their cavalry”... The Russians and the French owned it alternately. So, after a fierce battle, this important point found itself in the hands of the French. But not for long. Just at this moment Ermolov, whom Kutuzov sent to the left flank, where Bagration had just been seriously wounded, driving past the battery, saw that it had been taken by the French. Instantly assessing the situation, he organized a counterattack, which he himself led. Twenty minutes later the battery was recaptured, and Ermolov led its defense until he was shell-shocked.
Goyaev Georgy
Prince Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration... For more than six hours, his soldiers repelled attacks, despite superior enemy forces. 7 attacks were repulsed. And only the eighth was successful for the French, and even then it was not because Prince Bagration was mortally wounded, and this caused confusion among the soldiers.
(The mortal wound of General Bagration on the Borodino field. Art. A. Vepkhvadze)
Nikita Efimov. Our colonel was born with a grip:
Servant to the king, father to the soldiers.
Yes, I feel sorry for him - he was struck by damask steel,
He sleeps in damp ground. And he said, his eyes sparkling:
"Guys! Isn't Moscow behind us? We'll die near Moscow,
How our brothers died!”
And we promised to die
And they kept the oath of allegiance
We are at the Battle of Borodino.
Gorbatenko Yana. During the Battle of Borodino, Platov’s Cossacks and Uvarov’s cavalrymen carried out a raid behind enemy lines... Precious two hours were lost, and Kutuzov was able to gain a foothold on the heights and covered the entire valley with his cavalry!
Kleshcheva Anya. The Russians, rooted to the field, died where they stood. They fought until the last bullet, the last cannonball, fought with bayonets. “Even though you all run, we will stand until the end! Even if you all give up, and we will die, we will not give up. The power of the cross is with us!”
Nikita Efimov. Yes, there were people in our time
Mighty, dashing tribe:
The heroes are not you.
They got a bad lot:
Few returned from the field.
If it weren't for God's will,
They wouldn't give up Moscow!
(Military Council in Fili. Art. A. Kivschenko)
1. Melnikova Anya. After the Russian troops retreated from Borodin, the question arose about the fate of Moscow, and Kutuzov, at the military council in Fili, decided to leave the capital without a fight, contrary to the opinion of most generals.
ENTRY INTO MOSCOW
1.
Rodionova Sveta. From Poklonnaya Hill, where Napoleon arrived on September 14, the ancient capital looked like a beautiful city thrown at his feet, the goal and finale of his difficult campaign. “So finally this famous city! and it’s about time!” - with these words, Napoleon jumped off his horse, took a telescope and began to carefully examine Moscow with its surroundings for a long time, dreaming of the solemn moment that was about to come: now a deputation from this famous city will appear with a plea for mercy, and he, the emperor, will say merciful words to them...
2.
Sosnitskaya Fields. However, the “barbarian” country again unpleasantly surprised Napoleon:
(V.V. Vereshchagin. Before Moscow - waiting for the deputation of the boyars)
He never received a delegation with symbolic keys to the city.
3.
Chernikova Tanya. Officer Cesare Laugier from Eugene Beauharnais’s corps recalled: “We try in vain to appear calm, while our souls are restless: it seems to us that something extraordinary is about to happen. Moscow appears to us as a huge corpse; this is the kingdom of silence.” Indeed, out of a population of three hundred thousand, only 10 thousand residents remained in the city.
4.
Khorosheva Nastya. In the evening, empty Moscow was occupied by French troops. At 2 a.m., the emperor was informed that a fire had started in the city.
Napoleon ordered Marshal Mortier, appointed governor-general of Moscow, to put out the fire. However, this was not so easy to do: Mortier’s predecessor, Governor General Rostopchin, ordered all firefighting equipment to be removed from Moscow.
5.
Melnikova Anya. Moscow was on fire. The famous Decembrist Nikita Muravyov recalled: “The light from the fire was so bright that 12 miles from the city I could freely read some newspaper sheet at night.”
6.
Gorbatenko Yana. Three quarters of Moscow burned out in a fire. The city became like one huge burnt wasteland.
7.
Eichmann Ksenia.
Burnt Moscow is all that Napoleon got in Russia.
TO VICTORY
1.
Kleshcheva Anya. Meanwhile, Kutuzov was intensively preparing a counteroffensive.
Then, in September 1812, few people in the Russian army understood Kutuzov’s plan, which “decided the fate of the campaign.” Bennigsen, Platov, and staff generals spoke about the “senseless wanderings” of the old field marshal.
3.
Shavrov Kolya. Kutuzov’s strategic plan was to leave Moscow to the southeast along the Ryazan road, secretly turn west and take a position on the Old Kaluga road in order to cut off the French army from the southern regions of Russia, cover the arms factories in Tula, the supply base in Kaluga and threaten the operational line of Napoleonic troops on the Smolensk road.
4.
Melnikova Anya. For this purpose, soon after the departure of the Russian army from Moscow, several more partisan detachments were formed. A real people's war broke out in the French rear.
5.
Khorosheva Nastya. In order to confuse the French vanguard and “hide” an army of thousands, Kutuzov sent a Cossack “veil” along the Ryazan road under the command of Prince Vasilchikov, who carried the French along with him. Only 8 days after the start of the Tarutino maneuver, Murat realized that he had been deceived. By that time, the Russian army had already reached Podolsk, and on October 3 it took a position near Tarutino.
6.
Efimov Nikita. “Oh, old man Kutuzov! Forged Bonaparte, no matter how cunning he was! - the soldiers praised the field marshal.
7. Melnikova Anya. With the Battle of Tarutino, active offensive actions of the Russian army began, ending with the complete destruction of Napoleon's troops.
8.
Chernikova Tanya. In general, Kutuzov did not want the Tarutino battle. Why start a battle with questionable chances of success when time is on the Russians' side? However, after Lauriston’s visit with a peace proposal, it became clear to everyone that the Grand Army was not experiencing better times, and several generals, including Bennigsen, who had long criticized Kutuzov’s “lazy” and “cowardly” tactics, began to persistently ask for an offensive battle. Kutuzov yielded to the joint requests of the generals.
9.
Guslinsky Denis.
“Let's go to Kaluga! And woe to those who stand in my way!” - said Napoleon, leaving Moscow on October 19 along the Old Kaluga Road. There were about one hundred thousand soldiers in the ranks, and Bonaparte was eager to take revenge on Kutuzov for the defeat at Tarutin. But suddenly he suddenly turned with his army to the right and, in three marches across the fields, reached the New Kaluga Road.
10. Petrov Volodya. It is unknown why Napoleon so unexpectedly decided to abandon the general battle. Historians explain this by saying that “the new Borodino, even if it ended in victory, could no longer change the main thing: the abandonment of Moscow.”
11. Sosnitskaya Fields. And Kutuzov would have been waiting for the Great Army on the Old Kaluga Road, if not for one of the best partisans of the Patriotic War, Alexander Nikitich Seslavin. On October 22, 4 versts from the village of Fominskoye, he discovered enemy troops. Seslavin galloped to General Dmitry Sergeevich Dokhturov, but he “did not give faith” to the partisan’s report. Then Seslavin rushed to the French bivouacs near Borovsk and brought a prisoner, who confirmed that the French were moving to Kaluga through Maloyaroslavets.
12.
Rodionova Sveta. Dokhturov with the 2nd Infantry Regiment and the Light Guards Cavalry Division began to retreat to Maloyaroslavets, and sent staff officer Bologovsky to headquarters. When he finished his report, Kutuzov “didn’t cry, but began to sob and, turning to the image of the Savior, said: “God, my Creator, you finally heeded our prayer, and from this moment Russia is saved,” Bologovsky recounted this scene.
13
. Dmitriev Pavel. The field marshal ordered Dokhturov “not to follow, but, if possible, to run to Maly Yaroslavets” in order to block Napoleon’s path to Kaluga.
14.
Guslinsky Denis. When Raevsky’s corps came to the aid of Dokhturov, he was already barely holding on... Maloyaroslavets changed hands eight times, new reinforcements were constantly approaching the city, and by the end of the day about 25 thousand people from each side took part in this bloody battle. The Russian militias became brutal like fanatics, the French soldiers became furious; fought hand to hand; grabbing each other with one hand and striking with the other, both the winner and the loser rolled to the bottom of a ravine or into the fire, without releasing their prey...
15.
Petrov Volodya. In the evening, Maloyaroslavets remained in the hands of the French, and the Russian army took a very strong position on the hills two and a half miles from the city. Marshal Bessieres, whom Napoleon sent to inspect the positions of the Russian troops, told the emperor that they were impregnable: “They cannot be attacked...” The two armies stood against each other all day.
After a while, the emperor gave the order to retreat through Mozhaisk along the devastated Smolensk road.
16.
Gorbatenko Yana. Unable to hold out in Smolensk, Napoleon resumed his retreat. But then he abandoned the remnants of the defeated troops, who had lost their combat effectiveness, and fled to Paris to form a new army there.
17.
Rodionova Sveta. At the end of December, the Manifesto of Emperor Alexander I on the end of the Patriotic War was sounded in Vilna. There are these words: “What an example of bravery, courage, piety, patience and firmness Russia has shown!..”
Russia... Russian soldiers... Russian generals...
O. Losskaya
(M.I. Tsvetaeva. To the generals of 1812”)
(Everyone goes on stage)
THE FINAL
Ignatenko Natasha. 200 years have passed since then. The feat of our ancestors has not been forgotten. Again and again we
We turn to those days to imbue ourselves with a high sense of pride in the military deeds of those who defended freedom, who showed miracles of courage, heroism and self-sacrifice.
Dmitriev Pavel. The names of Russian commanders and officers are inscribed in golden letters in the history of the Patriotic War of 1812.
(Triumphal Arch on Kutuzovsky Prospekt in Moscow)
Kuznetsova Sonya. Against the backdrop of the words “The valor of parents is the legacy of children...”
Dedicated to the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812
And there was another Patriotic War, when the whole world, the whole people, the sons and daughters stood up for their homeland and defended it, because they inherited the valor of their ancestors, who bequeathed and in difficult times - forever, forever - to remain “pure” before mother Russia . Glory to the children of Russia! (S. Gudzenko. There is no need to feel sorry for us)
First presenter: During the Patriotic War of 1812, the people of Russia accomplished a great feat. In the struggle against foreign enslavers, he not only defended the honor, dignity, freedom and national independence of his homeland, but also saved many peoples of Europe from Napoleonic oppression.
Reader:
What an honor, from generation to generation
Russia, glory unforgettable,
That the universe was spared her
From Tamerlane's new hordes!
Oh, Ross! O valiant people,
The only one, generous,
Great, strong, resounding with glory,
With the grace of your kindnesses!
You are tireless in terms of muscles,
In spirit you are invincible,
Simple in heart, kind in feeling,
You are quiet in happiness, cheerful in misfortune,
The king is welcome, noble,
In patience he is only like himself.
Show off and rejoice, hero,
What in the current terrible disaster are you
In yourself and all your inheritance
Let the light know your spirit is straight!
(G. Derzhavin. Lyric-epic anthem “To drive the French out of the Fatherland.” Excerpts.)
Second presenter: On June 12, 1812, Napoleon attacked Russia without an official declaration of war. He believed that the defeat of Russia would open the way for him to world domination. Russian troops began to retreat, avoiding major battles with superior enemy forces.
First presenter: On August 4-6, 1812, the battle for Smolensk took place. During it, the valiant Russian troops thwarted Napoleon's plan: to force a general battle on the Russian army in unfavorable conditions for it. On August 8, 1812, a decision was made to appoint Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov as commander-in-chief of all troops.
A portrait of M.I. Kutuzov is displayed on the screen. (The portrait can be brought onto the stage by one of the evening participants.)
At the same time, the soldier’s song “Soldiers, bravo, guys” is performed:
Soldiers, bravo, guys,
Where are your grandfathers?
Our grandfathers are glorious victories,
That's where our grandfathers are!
Soldiers, bravo, guys,
Where are your wombs?
Our wombs are white tents,
That's where our wombs are!
Soldiers, bravo, guys,
Where are your wives?
Our wives are guns loaded,
That's where our wives are!
Soldiers, bravo, guys,
Where are your sisters?
Our sisters are pikes, sharp sabers,
That's where our sisters are!
Soldiers, bravo, guys,
Where are your kids?
Our children are our bullets,
That's where our kids are!
Soldiers, bravo, guys,
Where is your house?
Our hut is the adversary’s camp,
This is where our house is!
Second presenter: The name of Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov is inseparable from the history of the Patriotic War of 1812. It was during this period that the great Russian commander fully revealed himself as a strategist, as a statesman who led the people's war against foreign invaders.
The presenter talks about life path and military activities of M.I. Kutuzov.
Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov. Kutuzov's military activities began in 1765. Since 1770, he took part in campaigns against the Turks in the army of Field Marshal Rumyantsev. In July 1774, during the storming of the village of Shumy near Alushta, Kutuzov was wounded in the head, as a result of which his right eye stopped seeing. In 1776 he served in Crimea under the command of A.V. Suvorov. Ochakov, Akkerman, Kaushany, Bendery and finally the assault on Izmail, after which Suvorov wrote about him: “... he walked on my left flank, but was my right hand.”
Since 1793, Kutuzov was ambassador to Constantinople, then commander of the troops and navy in Finland, Lithuanian governor-general, governor-general of St. Petersburg. In 1805, he commanded Russian troops in the war against Napoleon in alliance with Austrian troops. In 1811 - commander-in-chief in Bessarabia.
Kutuzov’s feat in the Patriotic War of 1812 is immortal, about which Pushkin wrote:
... When the voice of the people's faith
Called to your holy gray hair:
"Go and save." You stood up and saved...
The beginning of P. Tchaikovsky’s Solemn Overture “1812” sounds.
Reader:
The sound of a military trumpet was heard,
Scolding thunder thunders through the storm:
A people drunk with debauchery,
Threatens us with slavery and the yoke!
The crowds are flowing, self-interested,
They roar like carnivorous animals,
Hungry to drink blood in Russia.
They walk, their hearts are hard stones,
Sword and flame rotate in hands
To the destruction of cities and towns!
Should we now sleep in peace?
Faithful sons of Russia!
Let's go, let's form a military formation,
Let's go - and in the horrors of war
To friends, fatherland, people
Let's find glory and freedom
Or we will all fall in our native fields!
What is better: life - where are the bonds of captivity,
Or death - where are the Russian banners?
To be heroes or slaves?
And, it seems to me, I will heed the oath:
You don't know fun and joys,
How long will the enemy holy land
Stop staining with blood!
There a friend calls a friend to battle,
The wife, sobbing, sends her husband
And the mother to the battle of her sons!
The groom does not think about the bride,
And louder than trumpets on the field of honor
Love calls to the fatherland!
(F. Glinka. “War Song”, written in July 1812. Excerpts.)
The final part of P. Tchaikovsky’s Solemn Overture “1812” sounds.
The sounds of the music are gradually muffled, and text is played in the background.
First presenter: The central event of the Patriotic War of 1812 was the Battle of Borodino, as a result of which the French army was dealt such a blow from which it was no longer able to recover. The battle on the Borodino field predetermined the defeat of Napoleon's army. There are many of them, Borodin's heroes.
The lights go out. Portraits of P. Bagration, M. Barclay de Tolly, D. Dokhturov, A. Kutaisov, I. Dorokhov, A. Ermolov, D. Neverovsky, N. Raevsky, A. Tuchkov and others are displayed alternately on the screen. (Participants of the evening can take turns with portraits). The presenters give historical information about the heroes of the Patriotic War.
Petr Ivanovich Bagration. “Bagration is the best general of the Russian army,” said Napoleon. A participant in the assault on Ochakov and Warsaw, Bagration went through the entire Italian campaign with Suvorov and was his right hand. Suvorov's famous Swiss campaign brought glory to Bagration, who showed heroism, composure, and the will to win. Bagration began the War of 1812 as commander-in-chief of the 2nd Western Army. After a skillfully carried out retreat, inflicting a number of defeats on the French, Bagration united with Barclay’s army. On August 26, on the Borodino field, Bagration accomplished his last feat. On the left flank of the Russian army near the village of Semenovskaya, earthen fortifications were built: Bagration's flashes. The main blow of Napoleonic army fell on them. French marshals Davout, Ney, Junot could not do anything to break the Russian regiments. Hand-to-hand combat lasted from six o'clock in the morning until noon, after which Bagration gave the order to launch a counterattack. A few minutes later, he was wounded by a cannonball fragment, shattering his leg. Three weeks later Bagration died.
Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly. He began his military service at the age of 15 as a non-commissioned officer. From January 1810 - Minister of War. Since the War of 1812 - Commander-in-Chief of the 1st Western Army. Napoleon's 600,000-strong army was opposed by 200,000 Russian troops on the border. Barclay chose the only possible tactics. Retreating and skillfully maneuvering, he sought to concentrate Russian troops and prevent Napoleon from defeating them one by one. This strategy was not understood by the patriotic army. In August 1812, Barclay de Tolly transferred command of the troops to M.I. Kutuzov, remaining at the head of the 1st Army. Leading the right flank at Borodino, Barclay showed rare courage. After the death of Kutuzov in 1813, he was again appointed commander-in-chief. In the battles of Bautzen, Kulm, Leipzig, Brienne, Bar-sur-Aube, Ferchampenoise he showed himself to be a talented commander. He was promoted to field marshal and received the princely title. He died in 1818 at the age of 57.
Dmitry Sergeevich Dokhturov.“...One of the most excellent generals, especially deserving of the love and respect of the entire army,” Kutuzov wrote about Dokhturov, rewarding him for the steadfastness, courage and self-control he showed during the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805. A participant in the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-1790, and then the campaign of 1805, Dokhturov clearly showed himself in all the decisive events of the war of 1812. Commanding the 6th Infantry Corps, he heroically led the defense of Smolensk. On the field, Borodin replaced the mortally wounded Bagration, and then, commanding the left flank of the Russian troops, repelled all French attacks. Dokhturov played a huge role in the battle of October 12 near Maloyaroslavets. The city changed hands eight times, and finally Napoleon was forced to withdraw his troops.
Alexander Ivanovich Kutaisov. Kutaisov's military service began in 1805. Enlisted in the guard at the age of 10, at the age of 22 he was already a colonel and then a major general. In 1812, in Barclay de Tolly's 1st Army, Kutaisov commanded artillery. On August 26, the day of the Battle of Borodino, the chief of artillery toured the batteries in the most dangerous places. After the news of Bagration’s injury, Kutaisov, together with Ermolov, went to clarify the situation. In his “Notes” Ermolov writes: “Count Kutaisov, who was with me, separated to the right, where, having met part of our infantry, he led it towards the enemy, but this infantry was turned back, and he did not return! Soon his horse came running, and the bloody saddle gave suspicion of his death.” Thus the life of a talented military leader was cut short.
Ivan Semenovich Dorokhov. At the beginning of World War II, he commanded the vanguard in Barclay's army. Participated in the battles near Smolensk. At Borodin, he repelled the French from Bagration's flushes with a bold attack. After leaving Moscow, Dorokhov commanded a partisan detachment consisting of dragoons, hussars and three Cossack regiments. Having inflicted heavy damage on the enemy, Dorokhov returned to the army, capturing 1,500 prisoners, including 48 officers. Dorokhov's brilliant military operation was the capture of Vereya. Approaching the city secretly at night, Dorokhov burst into it before dawn without firing a single shot, and after half an hour he occupied it completely. In the battle of Maloyaroslavets he was seriously wounded in the leg. At the beginning of 1815 he died in Tula.
Alexey Petrovich Ermolov. The outstanding military and statesman A.P. Ermolov began his military career under Suvorov in 1794. Since the beginning of the War of 1812, Ermolov was appointed chief of staff of the 1st Army of Barclay de Tolly. During the Battle of Borodino, Kutuzov sent Ermolov to strengthen the left flank after Bagration was wounded. Ermolov recaptured a battery occupied by the French and led it until he was shell-shocked. He showed himself heroically in the battle of Maloyaroslavets. He took part in the battle of Bautzen, won a victory at Kulm and commanded the grenadier corps during the assault on Paris. In 1816, Ermolov was appointed commander-in-chief. Here he showed himself not only as a commander, but also as an intelligent statesman. In 1827, at the request of Nicholas I, who did not trust the general popular among the Decembrists, Ermolov retired.
Dmitry Petrovich Neverovsky. Lieutenant General Neverovsky began his service at the age of 15 as a soldier of the Semenovsky Guards Regiment. At the beginning of the War of 1812, at the head of the 27th Infantry Division he formed, he joined Bagration’s army. During the French offensive on Smolensk near the village of Krasny, Neverovsky’s division repelled attacks by many times superior French forces and, having covered 40 kilometers during the night, united with Raevsky’s corps. Neverovsky fought at Smolensk, Shevardin, Borodino. His division defended Bagration’s flushes, took part in the battle of Maloyaroslavets, suffered heavy losses and was left in Vilna for secondary recruitment.
Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky. At the beginning of the Patriotic War, Raevsky was the commander of the 7th Infantry Corps in Bagration's army. He fought heroically at Saltanovka with superior French forces. On August 4, 1812, Raevsky's corps repelled the French attacks all day - thereby foiling Napoleon's plan to take Smolensk on the move - until it was replaced by Dokhturov's corps. On the Borodino field, Raevsky stood in the center of Russian positions. The famous Raevsky battery went down in history. In the further course of the war, he participated in the battle of Krasny, in the battles of Bautzen, Dresden and Leipzig. “A man with a clear mind, with a simple, beautiful soul,” Pushkin wrote about Raevsky.
Alexander Alekseevich Tuchkov (4th). Of the four Tuchkov brothers who participated in World War II, Alexander was the youngest. Tuchkov 4th was promoted to colonel at the age of 22. In 1807 he fought under Bagration, and at the age of 31 he became a major general. Tuchkov 4th met the War of 1812 as the commander of a brigade that was part of the 3rd Infantry Corps under the command of N. A. Tuchkov 1st. Alexander Tuchkov’s last fight was Borodino. Bagration's army fought near the village of Semenovskaya. The division of P. P. Konovnitsyn, which included the brigade of A. A. Tuchkov, sent to her aid, “on the march” entered the battle. Under fire from French cannonballs and grapeshot, trying to entice the soldiers, Tuchkov rushed forward with a banner in his hands and was hit by grapeshot.
Reader:
You, whose wide greatcoats
Reminds me of sails
Whose spurs rang merrily
And whose eyes are like diamonds
A mark was cut out on the heart -
Charming dandies
Years past.
With one fierce will
You took the heart and the rock,
Kings on every battlefield
And at the ball.
In one incredible leap
You have lived your short life,
And your curls, your sideburns...
It was snowing.
(M. Tsvetaeva. To the generals of 1812.)
The choir performs fragments of the “Soldier’s Song of 1812”:
In the old-fashioned way, in the Suvorov way,
Let's shout "Hurray!" and let's go forward.
We will pass the enemy forces on bayonets,
We will kill them, we will kill them all...
Second presenter: Among the heroes of the Battle of Borodino, many other names can be named: P. Wittgenstein, S. Volkonsky, D. Golitsyn, P. Konovnitsyn, Y. Kulnev, M. Miloradovich, F. Uvarov etc. But the main hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 was Russian soldier. It was he who bore on his shoulders all the hardships of a hitherto unprecedented war, survived and won. Award documents testify to the massive heroism of Russian soldiers and officers. Kutuzov personally introduced 44 officers to the Order of St. George. In the 1st Cuirassier Division alone, 243 people were nominated for the insignia of the Military Order, in the 4th Reserve Corps - 83 people, and in the artillery brigades - 137 people.
First presenter: Napoleon's invasion caused an unprecedented patriotic upsurge in Russian society. Representatives of all segments of the population waged a nationwide struggle against the invaders. The memory of the heroines of that time has also been preserved.
A participant in the War of 1812, Nadezhda Durova aroused surprise and admiration among her contemporaries. She was born into a military family, and from childhood she learned to master not only a horse, but also a weapon. Dressed in uniform, she served for several years in military service as an officer. The “cavalry maiden” Durova left “Notes” in which she told her story. She was the prototype of a number of literary heroines. Durova’s “Notes” received the approval of Pushkin, who was delighted with the fact that “the gentle fingers that once gripped the bloody hilt of an uhlan saber also wield a fast, lively and fiery pen.”
Second presenter: The partisan movement played a huge role in the Battle of Borodino. “I was born for the fateful year of 1812,” wrote the famous partisan poet Denis Vasilyevich Davydov in his autobiography. As a lieutenant colonel of the Akhtyrsky Hussar Regiment, he proposed a project for guerrilla warfare to Bagration. The project was approved by Kutuzov, and on August 25, on the eve of the Battle of Borodino, Davydov, at the head of a detachment of fifty hussars and eighty Cossacks, headed behind enemy lines. The successful actions of Davydov’s detachment served as an example for the creation of other partisan detachments.
First presenter: The leader of one of the largest peasant detachments was a serf peasant from the village of Pavlovo, Bogorodsky district (now the Noginsk district of the Moscow region) Gerasim Kurin. At the head of five thousand foot and five hundred mounted partisans, he fought with the French and captured convoys with weapons and food. For his heroic deeds in the War of 1812, Gerasim Kurin was awarded the soldier's St. George's Cross and the medal "For Participation in the Patriotic War of 1812."
Reader:
What about Chesma, Rymnik and Poltava?
When I remember, I freeze completely,
There souls were excited by glory,
The desperation was here.
Silently we closed ranks,
Thunder struck, bullets screamed,
I crossed myself.
My comrade fell, blood was shed,
The soul was shaking with vengeance,
And the bullet of death rushed
From my gun.
March, march! let's go ahead and more
I don't remember anything.
We conceded the field six times
The enemy and took it from him.
Banners were worn like shadows,
I argued about the grave canopy,
The fire sparkled in the smoke,
The cavalry flew to the cannons,
The soldiers' hands are tired of stabbing,
And prevented the cannonballs from flying
A mountain of bloody bodies.
The living are equal to the dead,
And the cold night came,
And those who remained
Thick darkness spread.
And the batteries went silent
And the drums began to beat,
The enemy retreated;
But the day was more expensive for us!
In my soul I said: God have mercy!
On a corpse frozen as on a bed,
I bowed my head.
And ours slept soundly, soundly
In the Fatherland, a fateful night.
My comrades, you have fallen!
But they couldn't help it.
However, in the legends of glory
Getting louder than Rymnik, Poltava
Borodino is thundering.
The prophetic voice will sooner deceive,
Soon the eyes of heaven will go out,
Than in the memory of the sons of midnight
It will be erased.
(M. Lermontov. Borodin’s Field. Excerpt.)
The screen shows footage from S. Bondarchuk’s film “War and Peace” - scenes of the battle near Borodino.
Second presenter: Borodino Field is a sacred place of Russian valor and glory. In fifteen hours of the Battle of Borodino, the Russian army convincingly showed the whole world what the Russian people are capable of when defending their independence.
The “Heroic Symphony” from S. Prokofiev’s opera “War and Peace” is playing.
First presenter: On the Borodino field, Napoleon lost about 60 thousand people killed and wounded. On the evening of August 26, he ordered his troops to retreat to their starting line. The battlefield remained with the Russians. Napoleon did not achieve his goal - the defeat of the Russian armies. For the first time, the great commander failed to win a general battle. “Of all my battles,” he said, “the most terrible is the one I fought near Moscow. The French showed themselves worthy of victory, and the Russians acquired the right to be invincible.”
Second presenter: The victory of the Russian people on the Borodino field played a decisive role in the collapse of Napoleon's world empire. On this field the star of the liberation of Europe from the Napoleonic yoke lit up.
Reader:
Wherever you are, honest Russian warrior,
Remember: rumors are thundering about you,
Always be worthy to carry within yourself
The angry heat of great kinship.
Fight in battles of equal and unequal
To end! Pay the enemy in full
Remember that you are a great-grandson and great-great-grandson
The valiant soldiers of Borodin.
Several verses from the song “Borodino” are performed.
First presenter: During the Great Patriotic War, the history of the Borodino field, covered in glory, was replenished with new bright pages. In the fall of 1941, just like 130 years ago, fierce battles broke out in the Mozhaisk direction. The enemy sought to take the shortest route to Moscow. On the historical Borodino field, soldiers of the 32nd Red Banner Rifle Division, commanded by Colonel V. Polosukhin, fought to the death. But the enemy, throwing up more and more new forces, on October 16 deeply covered the flanks of the units and a large group of tanks reached the rear of the division. The enemy paid dearly for this temporary success. More than 10 thousand of his soldiers and officers remained lying on the Borodino field; more than 100 German tanks were destroyed here.
Second presenter: During the counteroffensive near Moscow, the regiments of the 82nd Infantry Division reached the Borodino field. The enemy retreated, abandoning weapons, equipment, and wounded. The Nazis intended to blow up monuments to Russian soldiers who distinguished themselves during the battle on the Borodino field in 1812. However, the advance of the Soviet troops was so rapid that the enemy was unable to carry out his insidious plan. Military commentator for the American United Press agency Kiml wrote: “History obviously repeats itself, the difference is that the Russians in 1942, unlike their ancestors in 1812, turned the situation in their favor without losing their capital. The Germans are retreating along the same road to Smolensk along which Napoleon retreated.”
Reader:
I will overcome any pain,
And I’ll get back into line,
And I will accept the fight.
But touch
Motherland-Russia
I won't give a finger to anyone.
It's not that she's vulnerable
And she is not touchy.
After the storms she needs
There is silence at all borders.
The final verses from the song “Borodino” are performed.
Class hour, dedicated to the Day military glory of Russia
Goals: expand children's understanding of the Patriotic War of 1812; to form a positive moral assessment of the feat in the name of the Motherland, a positive attitude towards the heroic past of Russia; encourage children to study the military history of Russia and to participate in patriotic actions and events.
Preparatory work with children: distribute roles among children: Napoleon, M. Kutuzov, reporters (2 students). To provide all participants with texts, it is enough to make 1 photocopy of the relevant pages of the script.
Decor:
Exhibit photographs and paintings depicting the Russian field, portraits of Napoleon, M. Kutuzov, paintings by V. Vereshchagin (“On the high road. Retreat. Flight”, “On the attack”, “Don’t hesitate, let me come!”, etc.);
Plan class hour
I. Introductory speech “Russian Field”.
II. Interactive conversation on the topic “Giants on the Borodino Field”.
III. Information block “Napoleon and M. Kutuzov - profiles of commanders.”
IV. Report from the battlefield:
1. Bagration flushes.
2. Battery Raevsky.
3. Whose victory?
V. Work in groups on the topic “The Mystery of the Russian Soul.”
VI. Game "Prediction for Napoleon".
VII. Final word “Memorial of Two Patriotic Wars”.
VIII. Summing up (reflection).
Progress of the class hour
I. Opening speech “Russian Field”
Classroom teacher. Russian field... The usual peaceful landscape: hills, copses, white churches, streams and lakes overgrown with reeds, yellow cornfields, the quiet chime of grasshoppers and birds.
But once upon a time, many Russian fields were arenas for major military battles...
A brutal confrontation between huge masses of armed people, screams and groans, the thunder of hundreds of guns, fire, smoke, dug up, mangled earth, a bloody pile of dead bodies...
Every inch of this peaceful land is literally watered with the blood of its defenders. And it happens that the field becomes the national pride of the people, a symbol of their greatness.
We will visit one of these fields today.
II. Interactive conversation on the topic “Giants on the Borodino Field”
Classroom teacher. On this field, two centuries ago, a battle took place, which was called the “battle of the giants.” And the day of this battle - September 8 - became the Day of Military Glory of Russia. What kind of battle do you think this will be about?
(Children express their guesses.)
Indeed, today we will talk about the Battle of Borodino. What giants took part in it? (Russia and France, M. Kutuzov and Napoleon.)
The word "giant" means "giant". What was the greatness of these two countries at the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812? Sample answers from children:
France was the most advanced country in Europe, a revolution took place there that freed the people.
France was on the rise.
Free people served in Napoleon's army, not serfs, as in the armies of other countries.
In Napoleon's army, every soldier dreamed of becoming a general.
Napoleon was not afraid to promote talented people and make them military leaders.
In many countries, Napoleon's soldiers were looked upon as saviors from local feudal lords.
Classroom teacher. What can you say about Russia?
Sample answers from children:
Russia was a backward country.
Only in terms of its territory could it be called great.
Her army consisted of serfs and slaves.
A soldier had to serve in the Russian army for 25 years, but he remained a serf.
The people in Russia did not have any rights and freedoms; almost all peasants were serfs.
Classroom teacher. The two commanders who stood at the head of both armies were also called giants. Napoleon and M. Kutuzov. Let's try to find out if this statement is true?
III. Information block “Napoleon and Kutuzov - profiles of commanders”
Classroom teacher. Let's imagine that both Napoleon and M. Kutuzov have to answer questionnaire questions.
Today (name, surname) will answer for Napoleon.
(The student goes to the board and takes the Napoleon pose.)
Well, (name, surname) will answer for M. Kutuzov.
(The student playing the role of M. Kutuzov comes to the board and sits on a chair.)
So, the questionnaire. First question: age.
Napoleon. 43 years.
Kutuzov. 67 years old.
Classroom teacher. Question two: origin.
Napoleon. Born into the family of a minor Corsican nobleman.
Kutuzov. I belong to the old Russian noble family of the Golenishchev-Kutuzovs.
Classroom teacher. Third: education and career.
Napoleon. He studied at the Paris Military Academy. Then self-education - that's all free time spent with books. He began his service in the French army with the rank of junior officer, at the age of 24 he became a general, and at the age of 35 - Emperor of France.
Kutuzov. He graduated from the Noble Artillery School, was a student and ally of Suvorov. He took part in the assault on Ishmael and in many battles. He was seriously wounded twice. He completed military service from captain to field marshal general. During World War II he was in disgrace. But at the request of the army and people, 2 weeks before the Battle of Borodino, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Russian army.
Classroom teacher. Question four: attitude towards soldiers.
Napoleon. For me, soldiers - both our own and those of others - are pawns on a chessboard. I must admit, I never regretted the deaths. Yes, my wars literally devastated France and Europe. As a result of these wars, 1 million 200 thousand French people and 1.5 million people in other European countries died. I brought an army of 600 thousand into Russia, but brought out only 10 thousand hungry, sick, frostbitten people from Russia. But nevertheless, I never regretted those who died.
Kutuzov. I’ll be honest: I took care of the soldiers and preferred to retreat. I even fought the Battle of Borodino because the Russian army was waiting for it. Remember, “we retreated silently for a long time, it was annoying, we were waiting for a fight.” And I gave up Moscow because I wanted to save the army, the soldiers. So, it turns out, he saved both the army and Russia.
Classroom teacher. Attitude to power and glory.
Napoleon. “Three more years and I’m master of the whole world.” I strived for world domination. I reveled in my fame.
Kutuzov. I did not strive for power or rank. And I didn't need fame. The main thing for me was to free Russia from the invasion. And I fulfilled my duty to the end.
Classroom teacher. So, Napoleon and M. Kutuzov - two giants - collided on the Borodino field. Napoleon was at the zenith of his glory - all of Europe already lay at his feet. He, the son of a minor nobleman, made a dizzying career - he ascended to the very pinnacle of power and became the Emperor of France. He had the best army in Europe. In addition to the French, Italians, Germans, Poles, Swiss, Belgians, Dutch, and Croats fought in it. He dreamed of domination over the world. To do this, he moved his army to the borders of Russia.
He was confident in his genius and invincibility and believed that there was no commander equal to him in Russia. Indeed, he met almost no resistance. The Russians retreated without fighting a general battle. And now Napoleon’s army stands in front of Moscow itself. Here Field Marshal M. Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief of the Russian army. The whole people demanded this appointment. Napoleon was already anticipating victory, imagining how this wild, backward country would enthusiastically greet him. But instead, a battle took place, during which the Russians fought to the death. And this battle literally broke the morale of Napoleon and his army.
IV. Report from the battlefield
Classroom teacher. Borodino field, 124 km from Moscow. Here in August 1812 two armies lined up. The forces were approximately equal (reads): Russians - 112 thousand soldiers and 640 guns; French - 130 thousand soldiers and 587 guns. Let's mentally transport ourselves to that day, August 26, 1812, when the first volleys of the historical battle thundered over the Borodino field. Reporting from the battlefield will be carried out by (names, surnames).
Bagration's flushes
Reporter 1. Early in the morning, with the first volleys of guns, a bloody battle began. The main attack of the French was aimed at the Russian left flank. It was commanded by the favorite student of A. Suvorov, the favorite of the soldiers, General P. Bagration. His soldiers defended special fortifications, which were called Bagration's flashes.
Napoleon sent his best regiments eight times to attack these flushes. But each time the attacks were repulsed. The last attack lasted an hour! The Russians fought hand-to-hand. In the very thick of our troops was General P. Bagration. In this battle he was mortally wounded. Bagration's flashes were very expensive for Napoleon's troops: historians called them the “grave of the French infantry.”
Battery Raevsky
Reporter 2. Simultaneously with the left flank, the French also attacked the central position of the Russian army. This was Kurgan Height. It was located in the center of the Borodino field. At this height a fortification was built - the Raevsky battery. This fortification was the key to the entire Russian defense.
Raevsky's battery resembled a real fortress. It was surrounded by an earthen embankment one and a half meters high; in front of the embankment there was a ditch more than two meters deep. Also, a chain of wolf pits was dug in front of the battery to slow down the movement of the attacking enemy. All approaches to Raevsky's battery were shot through with crossfire. The defense of the fortification was led by General N. Raevsky.
Three brutal attacks had to be repelled by the battery defenders. During the third attack, Napoleon threw all his forces into the battery: infantry, cavalry, artillery. But the Russians fought with desperate courage and complete contempt for death, until the last drop of blood. The French still managed to capture the battery, but they only got broken cannons and destroyed fortifications.
Whose victory?
Reporter 1. The French did not recognize their emperor. War was his element. But here, on the Borodino field, he was gloomy, indecisive, gloomy. His best regiments and commanders died before his eyes, but there was no victory.
Reporter 2. At night the battle died down, and the next morning the dead and wounded were counted. The losses were enormous. Napoleon's army lost 50 thousand people. The losses of the Russian army reached 44 thousand people.
Reporter 1. Napoleon called this battle the “Battle of the Giants.” He said that in the battle of Moscow the French “proved themselves worthy of victory, and the Russians earned the right to be invincible.”
Reporter 2. On the Borodino field, Napoleon lost half of his army, the morale of the French was broken, and the Russians believed in their victory.
V. Work in groups on the topic “The Mystery of the Russian Soul”
Classroom teacher. Guys, you've probably heard the expression “mysterious Russian soul”. Napoleon conquered half of Europe and destroyed the old feudal states. Everywhere people greeted him as a savior who brought freedom and progress. Everywhere his army was replenished by representatives of the conquered peoples who were ready to die for the Emperor of France.
Napoleon had no doubt that he would also be met in wild, backward Russia. He would definitely grant the peasants liberation from serfdom! And suddenly such frantic, desperate resistance, such amazing and inexplicable courage for him. Half of the Russian army died on the Borodino field. Soldiers, officers, generals, old and young fought to the last drop of blood. But they had relatives, mothers, wives, children, loved ones. It is impossible, from the point of view of common sense and benefit, to explain the actions of the Russian people during the Patriotic War of 1812. Let's try to explain this mystery of the Russian soul. To have more time, we will divide into groups. The tasks for the groups are written on the board.
The first group will answer the question: “Why did these mysterious Russian soldiers and officers fight and die on the Borodino field instead of going over to Napoleon’s army and doing good career?»
The second group will find the answer to the question: “Why did the mysterious Russian peasants, instead of welcoming their liberator Napoleon, take axes and pitchforks and attack the uninvited guests in order to drive them out of Russia?”
The third group will answer the question: “Why didn’t the mysterious honorary citizens of Moscow come to bow to Napoleon and offer him the keys to the capital, as was the case in all the countries he conquered?”
The fourth group will answer the question: “Why did these mysterious residents of Moscow leave the city, abandon their houses, household items, and valuables? After all, they could, like the residents of all the capitals conquered by Napoleon, make good money from the army of conquerors - provide them with apartments, food, wine, entertainment?
Sample answers from children...
First group:
They remembered the behest of Alexander Nevsky: “Whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword. This is where the Russian land stood and will stand.”
They did not want to be commanded by the French - it was humiliating.
They had their own national pride and dignity.
They wanted to prove that the Russian soldier was invincible.
The soldiers and officers fulfilled their military duty - after all, they swore an oath to the king.
Second group:
The French destroyed their houses, robbed them, and behaved like invaders. And the peasants decided to take revenge on them when the French fled from Moscow along the same road.
The French brought foreign culture to Russia, the peasants did not want to accept it.
For the peasants, the French were first and foremost invaders. And in Rus' they always treated invaders the same way - they drove them away.
They were patriots, loved their land, defended it, like their grandfathers and great-grandfathers.
Third group:
No one wanted to submit to Napoleon or humiliate themselves before him. Everyone knew that they would drive him away anyway.
Giving the keys to Napoleon means betraying your king, your country.
Honorary citizens of Moscow were patriots - they loved their Motherland.
Fourth group:
They were patriots. Love for the Motherland was more important to them than monetary gain.
Muscovites were sure that Napoleon would be driven out and they would return to their homes.
If someone stayed for the money, everyone would despise him.
Staying in Moscow was tantamount to betrayal.
If they had stayed, Napoleon’s soldiers would have been able to spend the winter in Moscow, but without residents, the soldiers quickly went wild, and Napoleon realized that they needed to quickly get out of Russia.
Classroom teacher. Now Russia is going through difficult times. There are people who look at Europe with envy and say that if we had surrendered to the Nazis in 1941, we too would have lived like Germany. What do you think the participants in the Battle of Borodino would have answered them?
Sample answers from children:
These people simply don't like their country. They cannot be called patriots.
Those who surrendered would have been slaves to the Nazis, the rest would have been exterminated in concentration camps.
There is no need to envy other countries, you need to put things in order at home.
Russia has never given up, take the example of its ancestors.
You may surrender, but then your children and grandchildren will have to die for freedom.
VI. Game "Prediction for Napoleon"
Classroom teacher. In our report, we left Napoleon on the Borodino field in confusion and reflection. What did this battle bring him - victory or defeat? And what awaits his army in this mysterious northern country? Then, on August 8, 1812, Napoleon knew nothing. If we had been there, we would have predicted all subsequent events so well - after all, it was not for nothing that we studied history.
I suggest you play the game “Prediction for Napoleon”. Three teams (in rows) will try to make a prediction for Napoleon. It is necessary to predict in chronological order the events that will happen to him after the Battle of Borodino. The team that predicts more events will win. All predictions will be counted on the board (name, surname).
(The student goes to the board and draws a simple table.)
Classroom teacher. And Napoleon himself will evaluate the correctness of the forecasts. He will decide which team has the best history experts.
(The student playing the role of Napoleon comes to the board.)
So, let's listen to your predictions.
(The teacher gives the floor to each row in turn. If a team does not have an option, the floor is passed to the next team.)
Sample answers from children:
The Russian army will retreat and surrender Moscow.
Residents will leave the capital.
Napoleon will stand on Poklonnaya Hill and wait for the delegation with the keys to Moscow.
He won't wait for the keys.
His army will enter Moscow and begin to rob rich houses.
Fires will blaze in Moscow,
The French army will turn into rabble.
He will offer M. Kutuzov a truce, but will not receive an answer.
He will be afraid to spend the winter in Moscow and will lead his army to his homeland.
He will not be able to turn onto the Kaluga road, where there is food and fresh horses.
He will have to lead the army along the Smolensk road, where villages and hamlets have been devastated by his own soldiers.
Throughout the entire journey, his army will be pursued by partisans.
Along the way, the French will abandon everything they plundered in Moscow.
His valiant soldiers will surrender in thousands to ordinary Russian peasants.
Only 10 thousand hungry, frozen people will cross the Russian border - this is all that remains of the 600 thousand army.
All the peoples he conquered will rise up against him.
He would be exiled, briefly regain power, and end his days ingloriously on an island in the Atlantic Ocean.
Classroom teacher. All events are listed. Which team contains the best history experts?
(Napoleon calls the team.)
Thanks to the teams for the accurate forecast. It seems to me that if Napoleon had become acquainted with your forecast in 1812, he would never have attacked Russia.
VII. Closing words “Memorial of Two Patriotic Wars”
Classroom teacher. Today we talked about the Battle of Borodino. Borodino Field is not just a point on a geographical map, it is a sacred corner in the heart of every Russian patriot. In September 1941, when the Nazis rushed to Moscow, the defenders of the capital also fought to the death here. They repeated the feat of their ancestors, delaying the enemy's advance. The Borodino field, soaked in the blood of its defenders, became a memorial to two Patriotic Wars, an example of the heroic connection of generations. In honor of the great battle, military-historical holidays have long been held on the Borodino field, and today, on the first Sunday of September, a military-historical festival is held here annually.
Tens of thousands of participants come to the festival from all over the country. They act out episodes of the Battle of Borodino, hold interesting competitions and contests.
The purpose of this festival is to perpetuate the memory of Borodin’s heroes and revive those spiritual values that made possible the victory of the Russian people in the Patriotic War of 1812.
VIII. Summing up (reflections)
Classroom teacher. What feelings and thoughts arose during class? Do we need to know about events of long ago?
Sample answers from children:
I felt proud of my ancestors who taught the French a lesson.
I felt very sorry for our soldiers and officers who died on the Borodino field. They didn't want to die that much.
Disturbance. Napoleon wanted to become the ruler of the world, and how many human lives he sacrificed for this goal.
Respect for the memory of the defenders of Russia. Huge gratitude.
We need to talk about the events of the past, we need to study the history of battles in order to understand at what cost we got every piece of land in Russia.
You need to know the history of wars to understand the price of peaceful life.
“It’s not for nothing that all of Russia remembers...”
Target: instilling in students love for their homeland, respect for the historical past of our country.
Tasks:
Know the names of the heroes of the Patriotic War of the 12th year;
Introduce students to the chronology of the main stages of the war of the 12th year;
Equipment: projector, screen, Personal Computer(laptop), presentation, fragments from the film “War and Peace”, musical composition from the opera "War and Peace"
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Preview:
Scenario of an extracurricular event dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino.
“It’s not for nothing that all of Russia remembers...”
Target : instilling in students love for their homeland, respect for the historical past of our country.
Tasks :
Know the names of the heroes of the Patriotic War of the 12th year;
Introduce students to the chronology of the main stages of the war of the 12th year;
Equipment : projector, screen, personal computer (laptop), presentation, fragments from the film “War and Peace”, musical composition from the opera “War and Peace”
Progress of the event
Musical composition from the opera "War and Peace".
Slide No. 1
Reader 1: Today we will tell you about the war of 1812, about those heroic days when the entire Russian people rose up to fight against the French invaders. 1812 A huge half-million army of the French Emperor Napoleon I attacked our Motherland.
Slide number 2
Reader 2: Napoleon was a very experienced commander. His army was considered the strongest in the world. He conquered many European countries. And now he was heading towards Russia. On the morning of June 23, 1812, near the Lithuanian border of Ponemon, Napoleon ordered bridges to be built on the Neman River.
1 reader: At dawn on June 24, 218 thousand troops gathered from all over Europe, having 527 guns, in orderly ranks, with unfurled banners, having crossed bridges over the Neman, stepped into the borders of the Russian Empire. The entire people rose up to fight the enemy along with the army. The Patriotic War began.
Reader 2: Our great-grandfathers showed a lot of courage, perseverance and great filial devotion to the Motherland in defending their Fatherland. The invincible Napoleon and his army of half a million were defeated. Only its pitiful remnants left Russia. But the Russians did not immediately achieve a glorious victory. “We retreated in silence for a long time, it was annoying, we were waiting for a fight, The old people were grumbling...” Do you remember where these lines come from? That's right, from Mikhail Lermontov's poem “Borodino”.
Slide number 3
Reader 1: The soldiers are eager to fight. There are two Russian armies: one is commanded by General Barclay de Tolly, and the second by Bagration. The French do not give the Russians the opportunity to unite, they want to break them up piece by piece. Russian generals understand that the Russians do not yet have the strength to cope with a formidable enemy. Save troops. They are withdrawing their shelves.
Slide number 4
2nd reader: Prince Golenishchev - Kutuzov was appointed Commander-in-Chief. And the Russian army is retreating due to the enemy’s threefold superiority. Kutuzov had a hard life. Not easy, but nice. In 1812, Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov turned 67 years old. A lot of things are behind us. Countless battles and campaigns. Crimea, Danube, fields of Austria, Izmail formidable walls. Battle of Alushta, siege of Ochakov.
1 reader: Kutuzov was seriously wounded three times. Twice on the head, once on the cheek. In one battle, Kutuzov's right eye was knocked out. Nearly died. But fate seemed to be saving him for something more important. It’s time to retire, to an old man’s rest, but no. And now Kutuzov is in thought.
Slide No. 5
Reader 2: One of the most striking manifestations of the popular character of the War of 1812 was the partisan movement. Peasants created partisan detachments and launched an armed struggle against the invaders. Lieutenant Colonel of the Akhtyrsky Hussar Regiment Denis Davydov organized the first partisan detachment of 50 hussars and 80 Cossacks, which fought the enemy in the rear. Army partisan detachments operated in close contact with peasant partisans, whose movement grew and expanded. The partisan movement of peasants in the Moscow, Smolensk and Kaluga provinces developed especially widely.
1 reader. One of the first partisan movements was led by Vasilisa Kozhina.
There are legends about the life and fate of Vasilisa Kozhina. It is known for certain that she lived on the Gorshkov farm in the Sychevsky district of the Smolensk province. On August 15, 1812, in front of Vasilisa’s eyes, the French hacked to death her husband, the head of the village, Dmitry Kozhin. When choosing a new headman, the peasants decided: “You, Vasilisa, should be the headman.” This is how Vasilisa’s contemporaries described her: “She was a woman about 35 years old. Of heroic stature and huge physical strength. She has a beautiful face, and a courageous and determined character…” Nine days after the funeral of Dmitry Kozhin, as was customary in those days, the entire village celebrated a wake for the murdered man.
2 reader. In the midst of the wake, a boy ran into the hut and shouted from the threshold that the French were coming to the village. The peasants immediately looked at the headman: everyone was waiting for what Vasilisa would say. The elder ordered everyone to stay at the table, but she herself, taking a towel and putting bread and salt on it, went to meet the French detachment. She greeted them as welcome guests, even invited them to the set table. When they got drunk, the peasants, on Vasilisa’s orders, locked the windows and door and set the hut on fire. Every single one of the French died. This was the beginning of the guerrilla war. This is just one of the many feats Vasilisa Kozhina accomplished while defending her Motherland.
Slide No. 6
Reader 1: And the retreat continued. Moscow is 120 kilometers away. We can't retreat any further. Kutuzov intends to give a general battle near the village of Borodino. And as has been the custom in Rus' since time immemorial, a prayer service was scheduled on the eve of the big battle. It was an icon of the Mother of God, taken from Smolensk and from that time carried along with the army. And so the service began. Everyone repeated the words of the prayer and crossed themselves. The crowd surrounding the icon suddenly parted in front of Kutuzov. He crossed himself with the usual gesture, reached his hand to the ground and, sighing heavily, lowered his gray head. (Video “Procession”)
Slide number 7.
Reader 2: Yes, it was really hard for Mikhail Illarionovich. He knew that the battle would be bloody, that many of the guys would be overtaken by cannonballs and bullets. But Russia waited - there was no choice. The next day, a general battle was fought near the village of Borodino, which turned the further course of events.
1 reader: The battle lasted 15 hours. Kutuzov decides to retreat beyond Mozhaisk. The enemy lost 42 generals, many headquarters and chief officers, and more than 40 thousand privates killed and wounded. On our side, the loss consisted of up to 25 thousand people, including 13 generals killed and wounded.
Reader 2: But the war of 1812 did not end with the Battle of Borodino. No one won this battle between two great armies.
1 reader: And although the Russians continued to retreat, they made it clear to Napoleon’s glorious and hitherto invincible army that they were ready to defend their Motherland to the last drop of blood. And Napoleon understood this. And Napoleon realized that his army was no longer invincible. But he still continued his attack on Moscow. (video “Thoughts of Napoleon”)
Slide No. 8
2nd reader: Kutuzov's Headquarters. The small village of Fili near Moscow. Peasant hut. Oak table Oak benches. Image in the corner. The lamp is hanging. There is a council of war. Kutuzov says: “With the loss of Moscow, Russia is not yet lost. But if the army is destroyed, both Moscow and Russia will perish. (He paused.) By the power given to me by the sovereign and the fatherland, I command... (paused) I command—to retreat.”
Slide No. 9
1 reader: The news of the surrender of Moscow burned the consciousness of the entire army. Some troops refused to believe the order. Upon learning that Moscow was being surrendered, many soldiers and officers cried like children. Napoleonic troops entered Moscow on September 2. But the further the troops advanced through the city, the more disappointment they experienced: there was no light anywhere to be seen, a sign of life both inside and outside the houses. The French stopped: they were scared. (video “Silence in Moscow”)
Reader 2: Napoleon and his entourage settled in the Kremlin. All the palaces, monasteries and temples of the Kremlin housed the emperor's confidants.
Slide No. 10
It only took a few hours for the French to feel like winners, and then fires started in different parts of Moscow. On September 3, it became clear that Moscow was on fire. (video of fire)
1 reader. Napoleon had to save his own skin from Russian fire. He fled from Moscow. The French left Moscow ingloriously, like a shadow. From now on Russia is saved.
Slide No. 11
Reader 2: After the fire, Moscow began to be rebuilt. And the French army was now being driven and driven further and further from Moscow. Everywhere they faced death at the hands of Cossacks, partisans, and peasants. The winter of 1812 turned out to be especially frosty in Russia, with snowfalls and fierce winds. The Grand Army virtually ceased to exist. Napoleon abandoned the remnants of his army, changed into civilian clothes and, under an assumed name, rode off to Warsaw in a modest carriage.
Slide No. 12 - 14
1 reader: In all the cities and villages where the War of 1812 left its mark, monuments, cathedrals were erected, museums and exhibitions were opened, in memory of those who, without sparing their bellies, stood up to defend the Motherland, who trembled in their voices with excitement then he said to everyone and, above all, to himself: “This is my Land!”
2 reader:
And now we invite you to solve a crossword puzzle dedicated to our topic.
Crossword
- Name the novel by the Russian writer Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, which most vividly reflects the events of the War of 1812.
- The young noblewoman Nadezhda Durova rode off to1806 following the regiment, changing into Cossack dress. INPatriotic War she commandedhalf-squadron . Participated in battles underSmolensk , Kolotsky Monastery , at Borodino defended Semenov flushes , where she was shell-shocked in the leg by a cannonball, and went to Sarapul for treatment. Later she was promoted to the ranklieutenant , served as an orderlyKutuzova who knew who she was. This fact from the biography of Nadezhda Durova formed the basis of the feature film.
- What is the name of the famous poem by M.Yu. Lermontov, telling about the events of the Battle of Borodino.
- Name a native of the village.
- This heroine of the Patriotic War of 1812, partisan. She was a peasant woman by origin, and was the wife of the headman of the Gorshkov farm, Sychevsky district, Smolensk province. During the invasion of Napoleonic troops in Russia, she organized a partisan detachment of teenagers and women, which destroyed and captured French soldiers during their retreat. For her exploits, Kozhina was awarded a medal and a cash prize.
- Name the commander-in-chief of the Russian army in the war of '12.
- Lightly armed horsemen of the 15th-20th centuries (along with lancers), distinguished by their characteristic clothing: shako (high cylindrical hat with a visor), mentik (fur cape), dolman (short uniform), leggings, boots.
- Name the commanders of the two Russian armies of the 12 war.
- What was the name of the village near Moscow (now the Kyiv district of Moscow), where on September 1 (13) during the Patriotic War of 1812, a military council convened by M. I. Kutuzov was held to decide the question: whether to give a battle near Moscow or leave the city without a fight.
Bibliography:
- Balikhin B.S. 1812: current problems of history // Questions of history. – 2001. - No. 3. – P.165 – 167.
- Vinogradov N.B. and others. Essays on the history of the Chelyabinsk region. – Chelyabinsk: Yuzh. - Ural. book publishing house, 1991.
- Epanchin Yu.L. Raevsky’s battery // Questions of history. – 2000. - No. 2. – P. 252 – 254.
- Internet - resources.
Details 05/23/2014
In this section, teachers, history and literature teachers will be able to find information on how to teach children in a fun way about the Patriotic War of 1812, about the greatest battle of that war - the Battle of Borodino. At the end of the section there are Internet links to sites that contain full-text versions of lessons on history and literature.
On June 24, 1812, Napoleon's army invaded the Russian Empire without declaring war. The rapid advance of the powerful French army forced the Russian command to retreat deeper into the country and made it impossible for the commander-in-chief of the Russian army, General Barclay de Tolly, to prepare troops for battle. The prolonged retreat caused public discontent, so on August 20, Emperor Alexander I signed a decree appointing M.I. as commander-in-chief of the Russian troops. Kutuzova. However, he also had to retreat in order to gain time to gather all his forces. By that time, Napoleon's army had already suffered significant losses, and the difference in numbers between the two armies had narrowed. In this situation, Kutuzov decided to give a general battle not far from Moscow, near the village of Borodino. Early in the morning of September 7, 1812, the great Battle of Borodino began. For 6 hours, Russian troops repulsed fierce enemy attacks. The losses were huge on both sides - over 38 thousand Russian soldiers and 58 thousand French.
The Russian army retreated, but retained its combat effectiveness. Napoleon failed to achieve the main thing - the defeat of the Russian army. Kutuzov launched a “small war” with the help of army partisan detachments. By the end of December, the remnants of Napoleon's army were expelled from Russia.
Literature
1. Golichenko T. Three fields of Russian glory: (for students of grades V-VIII) / T. Golichenko // Education of schoolchildren. - 2006. - N 4. - P. 63-69. - (Publication at your request).
Storage location: IMC, Central Children's Library, Children's Literature Department of the Central City Hospital
An event scenario for students in grades 5-8, dedicated to the people's feat in the Battle of Borodino, the Battle of Kulikovo, and the Great Patriotic War.
2. Dronova, Tamara Mikhailovna. “The one who saved the fatherland is immortal...” / T. M. Dronova. //Literature at school. - 2008. - N 8. - P. 42-47.- (The soul must work).
Storage location: CDB, IMC
Scenario of a literary and musical composition dedicated to the Battle of Borodino. It takes place against the background of a computer presentation projected on the screen (the contents of each slide are given in the notes).
5. Popova, E. N.. Feat of valor and honor / E. N. Popova // Game library. - 2011. - N 3. - P. 4-15. - (Schedule of lessons).
Storage location: OIBR Central City Hospital
Evening script for grades 7-11, dedicated to the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812.
6. Svishcheva T. A. Fields of military glory: quiz / T. A. Svishcheva // Read, learn, play. - 2011. - N 6. - P. 44-47.
Storage location: ChZ Central City Hospital, Central Children's Hospital, F. No. 3
Quiz about legendary battles in which Russian soldiers won.
7. Fursova Y. Patriotic War of 1812: lesson in 10th grade using Internet resources / Y. Fursova // History (Appendix to the newspaper “First of September”). – 2002. - No. 13. – P. 1-5.
Storage location: ChZ Central City Hospital, Central Children's Hospital
The purpose of the history lesson is to introduce students to the history of the Patriotic War of 1812, its causes, nature, main goals and plans of the parties, the main characters of this historical event.
The full text version of the lesson can be found by following the link http://his.1september.ru/article.php?ID=200201301
8. Shcherbakova, A. A. “It’s not for nothing that all of Russia remembers Borodin’s day...”: to the 200th anniversary of history. battles / A. A. Shcherbakova // Books, sheet music and toys for Katyushka and Andryushka. - 2011. - N 8. - P. 31-32. - (About the Motherland, about exploits, about glory...).
Storage location: CDB
Scenario for an event dedicated to the Battle of Borodino.
