Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) (Tajik. Republic of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Tojikiston, since 1989 - Jumhuria of Shuravia Socialist Republic of Tojikiston) - the official name of Tajikistan in the period from 1929 to 1991.
The Tajik ASSR was formed on October 14, 1924, as part of the Uzbek SSR; October 16, 1929 transformed into the Tajik SSR, December 5, 1929 directly entered Union SSR. Located on the south-east. Central Asia. It borders on the west and north with the Uzbek SSR and the Kirghiz SSR, on the east with China, and on the south with Afghanistan. The area is 143.1 thousand km2.
The capital is Dushanbe.
Industry
The light and food industries accounted for over 60% of industrial output. The main branches of heavy industry are electric power, mining, non-ferrous metallurgy, machine building and metalworking, and the building materials industry. The basis of the electric power industry was hydroelectric power stations: Nurekskaya, Golovnaya, Baipazinskaya (on the Vakhsh), Kairakkumskaya (on the Syrdarya) and others. As of 1989, the following were under construction: the Rogun HPP, the Sangtudin HPP on the Vakhsh River. Large thermal power plants - in Dushanbe, Yavan. Brown coal was mined (Shurab), oil (in the north and south of the republic), natural gas(Vakhsh, Gissar valleys). Mining and enrichment of non-ferrous and rare metals(lead, zinc, bismuth, antimony, mercury, tungsten, molybdenum), gold. Non-ferrous metallurgy (an aluminum plant in Tursunzade, a hydrometallurgical plant in Isfara, and others). Mechanical engineering enterprises produced winding, agricultural machines, equipment for trade and public catering enterprises, textile, lighting equipment, transformers, household refrigerators, cables and others (the main center is Dushanbe). The chemical industry developed: plants - nitrogen-fertilizer in Kurgan-Tyube, electrochemical in Yavan, plastics in Dushanbe and others. The main branches of light industry are cotton-cleaning, silk, and carpet weaving (Dushanbe, Leninabad, Kairakkum, and others). Fruit-canning, oil-pressing and fat industries were distinguished in the food industry.
Agriculture
In 1986, there were 299 state farms and 157 collective farms in the republic. Agricultural land amounted to 4.2 million hectares, of which:
arable land - 0.8 million hectares,
pastures - 3.2 million hectares.
In connection with large-scale irrigation work, the area of irrigated land in 1986 reached 662,000 hectares. Agriculture provided about 65% of the gross agricultural output. The leading branch of agriculture is cotton growing (the harvest of raw cotton was 922,000 tons in 1986); developed in the Ferghana, Vakhsh, Gissar valleys. Tajikistan is the country's main base for the production of fine-staple cotton. Tobacco, geranium, curly flax, and sesame were also cultivated. About 20% of the crops were occupied by grain crops (gross grain harvest - 246 thousand tons in 1986). Vegetable and gourd crops were grown. Fruit growing (including citrus growing) and viticulture were developed. Meat and wool sheep breeding and meat and dairy cattle breeding. Livestock (for 1987, in million heads): cattle - 1.4 (including cows - 0.6), sheep and goats - 3.2. Sericulture.
Transport
Operating length (for 1986):
railways- 470 km,
motorways - 13.2 thousand km (including with a hard surface - 11.6 thousand km).
Tajikistan was supplied with gas from Uzbekistan, Afghanistan (Kelif-Dushanbe gas pipeline), from local gas fields.
Hymn
Chu give rus madad namud, barodarii khalqi council ustuvor shud, sitorai hayoti mo sharorabor shud. Guzashtakhoi purifti hori mo ba ҷilva omadandu dar diyori mo, diyori mo Mustaqil davlati tojikon barqaror shud. Ba holi tab daruni shab Sadoi radi davlati Lenin faro rasid Zi barqi bayraqash siyohi sitam parid Saodati jovidon dar in zamin Zi party ba mo rasid, ba party sad ofarin Mardu ozoda moro chunin ӯ biparvarid. Shiori mo dihad sado: Barobari, barodari miyoni halki mo. Zi honadoni mo kase nameshavad kudo, Yagonagiro ba hud sipar kunem Ba sui fathi communism safar kunem, safar kunem, Zinda bod mulki mo, khalqi mo, Ittikhodi mo.Translation
Rus''s hand for all ages Into a mighty family merged the entire Soviet people. Above us a new fate rises in the rays of dawn. We rekindled hearts with ancient prowess, Everywhere the glory of the native land, native land thunders. In the Tajik state, the Tajik will sing the anthem. We languished under the yoke of darkness. But Lenin's call thundered with grace, A banner flashed like a crimson lightning, piercing the darkness. Happy day, free labor, steel power Brings us dear Stalin, beloved leader, beloved leader. Like a father, he raised us, tempered us in labors, in battles. We command our sons, like us, With a formidable hand to smash the dishonest enemy system And keep eternal fidelity to your big family. Unity has become our battle shield. In all the battles of the enemies we will win, we will win. Live a century, dear land, live a century, our dear Union!
(448 thousand inhabitants as of January 1, 1976). Big City- Leninabad (121 thousand inhabitants). New cities have grown: Nurek, Ordzhonikidze-abad, Isfara, Regar, Kairakkum, Khorog, etc. The Tajik SSR includes Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Okrug and 2 administrative regions. In April 1977, a third region was formed - Kurgan-Tyubinskaya. The Republic is divided into 41 districts; has 18 cities and 47 urban-type settlements. Nature . Over 90% of the territory is occupied by mountains belonging to the Tien Shan, Gissar-Alay and Pamir systems (with highest point USSR - the peak of Communism, 7495 m). On . - the western outskirts of the Ferghana Valley, in the south-west. - Vakhsh and Gissar valleys. Minerals: non-ferrous and rare metal ores, fluorite, coal, natural gas, table salt. The climate is continental. The average January temperature is from 2, -2 °C in the valleys and foothills of the Yu.-W. and C. to -20 ° C and below in the Pamirs, in July, respectively, from 30 to 0 ° C and below. Precipitation (on plains and in valleys up to a height of 500 m) 150-300 mm per year. The main rivers are the Syr Darya, the Amu Darya (with the Vakhsh), the Zeravshan; lake - Karakul. The soils are gray earth, brown, mountain-meadow. Desert, steppe and alpine-meadow vegetation prevails. Historical reference. A class society on the territory of Tajikistan arose in the 1st half of the 1st millennium BC. . (State of Bactria). In the 6th-4th centuries. BC e. the territory was ruled by the Iranian Achaemenids, Alexander the Great. From 3 . BC e. was part of the Greco-Bactrian and Kushan kingdoms; during this period, invasions of the Chionites, Ephthalites, and Turks took place; popular uprisings of Mazdak and Abrui. In the 8th c. the people offered heroic resistance to the Arab conquest (Mukanna's uprising). In the 9th-10th centuries. territory within the state of Tahirids and Samanids; the Tajik people were mainly formed. In the 10th - early 13th centuries. was part of the states: Ghaznevids, Karakhanids, Khorezm. In the 13th century conquered by the Mongol-Tatars; people's liberation struggle against Tatar yoke(uprisings of Malik Sanjar, Tarabi, Timur-Melik). In the 14-15 centuries. territory within the Timurid state; from the 16th century - the Khanate of Bukhara and a number of small feudal estates. In 1868, the northern part of the territory was annexed to Russia (parts of the Fergana and Samarkand regions), the Bukhara Khanate in vassal dependence on Russia; inclusion in the system of the all-Russian economy accelerated the emergence of industry. At the beginning of the 20th century the first social-democratic circles appeared. The working people of the region participated in the Revolution of 1905-07, the Central Asian uprising of 1916, the February Revolution of 1917 and the Great October Socialist Revolution. Soviet power in northern Tajikistan was established in November 1917 - February 1918. By the end of 1918, Soviet power was proclaimed throughout the entire territory of Tajikistan. In 1918-1923, with the help of the Red Army, the working people defeated the White Guards and the Basmachi. In 1921-22, land and water reforms were carried out. According to the national-state demarcation, on October 14, 1924, the Tajik ASSR was formed as part of the Uzbek SSR, and on December 5, 1929, the Tajik SSR was a part of the USSR as a union republic. As a result of the industrialization and collectivization of agriculture carried out under the leadership of the Communist Party and cultural revolution a socialist society was built in the republic. During the years of the Great Patriotic War the Tajik people mobilized all their forces to repel fascist aggression. As of January 1, 1976, the Communist Party of Tajikistan had 92,842 members and 3,874 candidate members of the party; there were 313,089 members in the ranks of the Leninist Communist Youth Union of Tajikistan; there are 786,080 trade union members in the republic. The Tajik people, together with all the fraternal peoples of the USSR, achieved new successes in communist construction in the post-war decades. The Tajik SSR was awarded the Order of Lenin (1956), the Order of Friendship of Peoples (1972) and the Order October revolution (1974). Economy . During the years of socialist construction, Tajikistan became an industrial-agrarian republic. The Tajik SSR in the complex of the national economy of the USSR stands out as one of the areas of cotton growing, the extraction of non-ferrous and rare metal ores, light and food industries. Tajikistan is the country's main base for the production of fine-staple cotton. Tajikistan has developed economic ties with all union republics. In 1975, industrial output exceeded the 1940 level by 14 times, and the 1913 level by 121 times. Tab. 1. - Production of the most important types of products Electricity, billion kW h194019701975 0.06 3.2 4.7 Coal, thousand tons204 887 868 Oil (including gas condensate), thousand tons 30 181 274 Gas, million m3 2 388 419 Mineral fertilizers (in conventional units), thousand tons - 252 406 Power transformers, thousand kVA - 13792162 Cement, thousand tons - 8721010 Prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and parts, thousand m3 of products - 628 814 Cotton fiber, thousand tons 60 .9 235.0 277.6 Cotton fabrics, mln. m 0.2 99.9 113.1 Raw silk, tons254 322 355 Silk fabrics, mln. m 1.6 43.2 54.0 Pure wool carpets and rugs and half-woolen, thousand m2… 3226 3803 Knitted underwear, mln. 0.5 5.7 5.8 Outerwear, million pieces - 3.6 3.7 Leather shoes, million pairs 0.5 6.1 6.9 Vegetable oil, thousand tons 3.5 68.8 94.5 Canned food, mln conventional cans 13.9 172.8 242.4 Grape wine, thous. 1. The most important power plant is Nurek HPP. Non-ferrous metallurgy was created. The food industry (primarily oil-and-fat, wine-making, and horticultural) accounts for about one-fourth of the gross industrial output (1975). Mechanical engineering and light industry are developed, chemistry is developing. Gross agricultural output in 1975 quadrupled compared to 1940. At the end of 1975 there were 147 state farms and 242 collective farms. In 1975, 28.4 thousand tractors (in physical units; 3.9 thousand in 1940), 2.9 thousand cotton pickers, 1.2 thousand grain harvesters (0.1 thousand in 1940) worked in agriculture. , 13.9 thousand trucks (1.5 thousand in 1940). Agricultural land in 1975 amounted to 4.1 million hectares (29% of the total territory), including arable land - 0.8 million hectares, hayfields - 0.03 million hectares, and pastures - 3.18 million hectares. Irrigation is essential for agriculture. Built: Big Gissar, Dalverzinsky, Big Fergana, Northern Fergana canals; Farhad, Kairakkum, Nurek reservoirs. The area of irrigated land in 1975 reached 567,000 ha. Agriculture provides about 73% of the value of the gross agricultural output (1975). Data on sown areas and gross harvest of agricultural crops, see Table. 2. Tab. 2. - Sown areas and gross harvest of agricultural crops 194019701975 Total area under crops, thousand hectares 92 Gross harvest, thousand tons Grain crops324222227 Raw cotton172727836 Vegetables 44206284 The leading branch of agriculture is cotton growing. An essential oil crop is cultivated - geranium. Horticulture and viticulture were widely developed. The trench culture of lemons has been mastered. The area of fruit and berry plantations (including citrus fruits) was 66,000 ha in 1975 (21,000 ha in 1940), and vineyards, 22,000 ha (8,000 ha in 1940). The gross harvest of fruits and berries was 276,000 tons in 1975 (121,000 tons in 1940), grapes, 147,000 tons (49,000 tons in 1940). Animal husbandry is predominantly of the distant-pasture type (see Table 3). Developed sericulture. In 1975, 3,400 tons of cocoons were harvested. On the growth of livestock production, see the data in Table. 4. Tab. 3. - Number of livestock and poultry (as of January 1), thous. 4.1 Tab. 4. - Production of main products 194019701975 Meat (in slaughter weight), thousand tons 30 64 84 Milk, thousand tons 135285383 Eggs, mln. 38131236 Wool, thousand tons 1.6 4.9 5.3 The operational length of railways was 903 km in 1975, of which 470 km were narrow-gauge. A broad-gauge railway line Termez - Kurgan-Tube - Yavan (264 km) is being built (1977), over 200 km of which were put into operation in 1974. The length of roads is 13.4 thousand km (1975), including 9 with a hard surface, 7 thousand km. Navigable river routes 0.2 thousand km. Developed air transport. Pipeline transport is represented by gas pipelines in South-Western Tajikistan (from local gas fields) and branches to the cities of Northern Tajikistan from the main gas pipeline Mubarek - Bekabad - Fergana. The gas pipeline Kelif - Dushanbe receives gas from Afghanistan. The standard of living of the population of the republic is steadily rising. The national income for 1966-75 increased 1.8 times. Real incomes per capita in 1975 compared with 1965 increased 1.6 times. Retail turnover of state and cooperative trade (including catering) increased from 100 million rubles. in 1940 to 1675 million rubles. in 1975, while the turnover per capita - 5.8 times. The amount of deposits in savings banks in 1975 reached 451 million rubles. (5 million rubles in 1940), the average deposit is 750 rubles. (44 rubles in 1940). At the end of 1975, the city's housing stock amounted to 11.9 million m2 of total (usable) area. During 1971-75, 5821 thousand m2 of total (useful) area was put into operation at the expense of the state, collective farms and the population. Cultural building. According to the 1897 census, the literacy of the population was 2.3%. At the beginning of the 20th century in Khojent (now Leninabad), Ura-Tube and other cities, there were 10 so-called. there were no Russian-native schools (in the 1914/15 academic year, 369 students studied in them), there were no secondary specialized and higher educational institutions. After establishing Soviet power established a national school with teaching in the native language. In 1939, literate people made up 82.8% of the population; according to the 1970 census, 99.6%. In 1975, 82,000 children were being brought up in permanent preschool institutions. In 1975/76 school. 0.9 million students studied in 3.2 thousand general education schools of all types, 59 vocational schools educational institutions- 23.6 thousand students (including - the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR. In 1975, 6.6 thousand students worked in the scientific institutions of the republic. scientists(including university researchers). The network of cultural institutions has received significant development. As of January 1, 1975, there were: 11 theaters, including the Tajik Opera and Ballet Theatre, the Tajik Drama Theatre, the Republican Theater of Musical Comedy; 1.1 thousand stationary film installations; 1.2 thousand club institutions; the largest republican library is the State Library of the Tajik SSR. Firdousi (opened in 1933 on the basis of the city library, which arose in 1925, 2.5 million copies of books, brochures, magazines, etc.); 1.4 thousand mass libraries (9.4 million copies of books and magazines); 7 museums. In 1975, 868 titles of books and pamphlets were published with a total circulation of 6.0 million copies. (372 titles with a circulation of 2823 thousand copies in 1940), including 413 titles in the Tajik language with a circulation of 4.3 million copies; 61 journal editions were published with a total annual circulation of 19.0 million copies. (9 editions, with an annual circulation of 141,000 copies in 1940). 61 newspapers were published with an annual circulation of about 226 million copies. Newspapers are published in Tajik, Russian and other languages. The Tajik Telegraph Agency (TajikTA) has been operating since 1933. The Republican Book Chamber was founded in 1936. The first radio broadcasts began in 1924. In 1975, the republican radio broadcasted in Tajik, Russian, and Uzbek. Television broadcasts have been conducted since 1959. Television center in Dushanbe. In the republic in 1975 there were 278 hospitals with 33,500 beds (121 hospitals with 4,500 beds in 1940); 7.2 thousand doctors and 21.2 thousand paramedical personnel worked (0.6 thousand doctors and 2.7 thousand paramedical personnel in 1940). Balneological and climatic resorts are popular: Obigarm, Khoja-Obigarm. Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region The Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region was formed on January 2, 1925. It is located within the Pamirs. The area is 63.7 thousand km2. Population 116 thousand people. (as of January 1, 1976). The average population density is 1.8 people. per 1 km2. Center - Khorog. Leading branch of the economy - Agriculture. In 1975 there were 15 state farms and 46 collective farms. The sown area of all agricultural crops in 1975 amounted to 17,100 hectares. Agriculture is irrigated and is concentrated mainly in the Western Pamirs. Gardening, sericulture. Animal husbandry (mainly fat-tailed sheep and yaks) predominates in the Eastern Pamirs. Livestock (as of January 1, 1976, thousand): cattle 63.6, sheep and goats 335.6. In 1975 the volume of industrial output exceeded the level of 1940 by 28 times. The local industry is developing. Salt is mined. In 1975/76 school. 34.8 thousand students studied in 265 general education schools of all types, 287 students in a vocational school, and 68 students in a medical school. Among scientific institutions- Pamir Biological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR. In 1975, a theater, 148 public libraries, a museum, the House of Folk Art, 165 club institutions, and 80 stationary film installations were operating. In 1975 there were 138 doctors; there were 980 hospital beds. The Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Okrug was awarded the Order of Lenin (1967) and the Order of Friendship of Peoples (1972).
republic flag
Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic(Tajik SSR) (Tajik Republic and Soviet Socialist Republic of Tojikiston)
The Tajik ASSR was formed on October 14, 1924, as part of the Uzbek SSR; On October 16, 1929, it was transformed into the Tajik SSR; on December 5, 1929, it directly became part of the USSR. Located on the south-east. Central Asia. It borders on the west and north with the Uzbek SSR and the Kirghiz SSR, on the east with China, and on the south with Afghanistan. The area is 143.1 thousand km2.
The capital is Dushanbe.
Rus''s hand for all ages
She merged the entire Soviet people into a mighty family.
Above us a new fate rises in the rays of dawn.
We rekindled hearts with ancient valor,
Everywhere the glory thunders of the native land, native land.
In the Tajik state, the Tajik will sing the anthem.
We languished under the yoke of darkness.
But Lenin's call thundered with grace,
The banner flashed like crimson lightning, piercing the darkness.
Happy day, free labor, steel power
Stalin brings us dear, beloved leader, beloved leader.
Like a father, he raised us, tempered us in labors, in battles.
We command our sons, like us,
With a formidable hand to smash the dishonest enemy system
And keep eternal fidelity to your big family.
Unity has become our battle shield.
In all the battles of the enemies we will win, we will win.
Live a century, dear land, live a century, our dear Union!
_____________________________________________________________
Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
The Tajik SSR (Tajikistan) is located in the southeast. Central Asia. It borders Afghanistan in the south and China in the east. Area 143.1 thousand km 2
.
Population 3486 thousand people. (as of January 1, 1976). National composition (according to the 1970 census, thousand people): Tajiks 1630, Uzbeks 666, Russians 344, Tatars 71, Kirghiz 35, Ukrainians 32, etc. The average population density is 24.4 people. per 1 km 2
(as of January 1, 1976). The capital is Dushanbe (448 thousand inhabitants as of January 1, 1976). The largest city is Leninabad (121 thousand inhabitants). New cities have grown: Nurek, Ordzhonikidze-abad, Isfara, Regar, Kairakkum, Khorog, etc. The Tajik SSR includes the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Okrug and 2 administrative regions. In April 1977, a third region was formed - Kurgan-Tyubinskaya. The Republic is divided into 41 districts; has 18 cities and 47 urban-type settlements.
Nature. Over 90% of the territory is occupied by mountains belonging to the Tien Shan, Gissar-Alay and Pamir systems (with the highest point of the USSR - Communism Peak, 7495 m). In the north, the western outskirts of the Ferghana Valley; in the southwest. ‒ Vakhsh and Gissar valleys. Minerals: ores of non-ferrous and rare metals, fluorite, coal, natural gas, table salt. The climate is continental. The average January temperature is from 2.2 °C in the valleys and foothills of the Yu.-W. and C. to –20 °С and lower in the Pamirs, July, respectively, from 30 to 0 °С and lower. Precipitation (on plains and in valleys up to a height of 500 m) is 150–300 mm per year. The main rivers are the Syr Darya, the Amu Darya (with the Vakhsh), the Zeravshan; lake - Karakul. The soils are sierozem, brown, mountain-meadow. Desert, steppe and alpine-meadow vegetation prevails.
Historical reference. A class society on the territory of Tajikistan arose in the 1st half of the 1st millennium BC. e. (State of Bactria). In the 6th-4th centuries. BC e. the territory was ruled by the Iranian Achaemenids, Alexander the Great. From the 3rd c. BC e. was part of the Greco-Bactrian and Kushan kingdoms; during this period, invasions of the Chionites, Ephthalites, and Turks took place; popular uprisings of Mazdak and Abrui. In the 8th c. the people offered heroic resistance to the Arab conquest (Mukanna's uprising). In the 9th-10th centuries. territory within the state of Tahirids and Samanids; mainly formed Tajik people. In the 10th - early 13th centuries. was part of the states: Ghaznevids, Karakhanids, Khorezm. In the 13th century conquered by the Mongol-Tatars; national liberation struggle against the Tatar yoke (uprisings of Malik Sanjar, Tarabi, Timur-Melik). In the 14‒15 centuries. territory within the Timurid state; from the 16th century, the Khanate of Bukhara and a number of small feudal estates. In 1868, the northern part of the territory was annexed to Russia (parts of the Fergana and Samarkand regions), the Bukhara Khanate in vassal dependence on Russia; inclusion in the system of the all-Russian economy accelerated the emergence of industry. At the beginning of the 20th century the first social-democratic circles appeared. The working people of the region took part in the Revolution of 1905–07, the Central Asian uprising of 1916, the February Revolution of 1917, and the Great October Socialist Revolution. Soviet power in northern Tajikistan was established in November 1917-February 1918. By the end of 1918, Soviet power was proclaimed throughout the entire territory of Tajikistan. In 1918‒1923, with the help of the Red Army, the working people defeated the White Guards and the Basmachi. Land and water reforms were carried out in 1921–22. According to the national-state demarcation, on October 14, 1924, the Tajik ASSR was formed as part of the Uzbek SSR, and on December 5, 1929, the Tajik SSR was a part of the USSR as a union republic. As a result of the industrialization, the collectivization of agriculture and the cultural revolution carried out under the leadership of the Communist Party, a largely socialist society was built in the republic.
During the Great Patriotic War, the Tajik people mobilized all their forces to repel fascist aggression.
As of January 1, 1976, the Communist Party of Tajikistan had 92,842 members and 3,874 candidate members of the party; there were 313,089 members in the ranks of the Leninist Communist Youth Union of Tajikistan; there are 786,080 trade union members in the republic.
The Tajik people, together with all the fraternal peoples of the USSR, achieved new successes in communist construction in the post-war decades.
The Tajik SSR was awarded the Order of Lenin (1956), the Order of Friendship of Peoples (1972) and the Order of the October Revolution (1974).
Economy. During the years of socialist construction, Tajikistan became an industrial-agrarian republic. The Tajik SSR in the complex of the national economy of the USSR stands out as one of the areas of cotton growing, the extraction of non-ferrous and rare metal ores, and the light and food industries. Tajikistan is the country's main base for the production of fine-staple cotton. Tajikistan has developed economic ties with all union republics.
In 1975, the volume of industrial output exceeded the level of 1940 by 14 times, and the level of 1913 by 121 times.
Tab. 1. ‒ Production of key products
Electricity, billion kWh
═══3,2
═══4,7
Coal, thousand tons
Oil (including gas condensate), thousand tons
Gas, million m 3
Mineral fertilizers (in arbitrary units), thousand tons
Power transformers, thousand kVA
Cement, thousand tons
Prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and parts, thousand m 3
products
Cotton fiber, thousand tons
Cotton fabrics, million m
Raw silk, t
Silk fabrics, million m
Carpets and rugs, pure wool and semi-woolen, thousand m 2
Linen knitwear, million pieces
═══5,7
Outerwear, million pieces
═══3,6
Leather shoes, million pairs
═══6,1
Vegetable oil, thousand tons
Canned food, million conditional cans
Grape wine, thousand dal
On the production of the most important types of industrial products, see the data in Table. 1.
The most important power plant is the Nurek HPP. Non-ferrous metallurgy was created. The food industry (primarily oil-and-fat, wine-making, and horticultural) accounts for about one-fourth of the gross industrial output (1975). Mechanical engineering and light industry are developed, and chemistry is developing.
Gross agricultural output in 1975 quadrupled compared to 1940. At the end of 1975 there were 147 state farms and 242 collective farms. In 1975, 28.4 thousand tractors (in physical units; 3.9 thousand in 1940), 2.9 thousand cotton pickers, 1.2 thousand grain harvesters (0.1 thousand in 1940) worked in agriculture. , 13.9 thousand trucks (1.5 thousand in 1940). Agricultural land in 1975 amounted to 4.1 million hectares (29% of the total territory), including arable land - 0.8 million hectares, hayfields - 0.03 million hectares, and pastures - 3.18 million hectares. Irrigation is important for agriculture. Built: Big Gissar, Dalverzinsky, Big Fergana, Northern Fergana canals; Farhad, Kairakkum, Nurek reservoirs. The area of irrigated land in 1975 reached 567,000 ha. Agriculture provides about 73% of the value of the gross agricultural output (1975). Data on sown areas and gross harvest of agricultural crops, see Table. 2.
Tab. 2. ‒ Cultivated areas and gross harvest of agricultural crops
Total sown area, thousand ha
Cereal crops
Cotton
Curly flax
gourds
Forage crops
Gross harvest, thousand tons
Cereal crops
Raw cotton
The leading branch of agriculture is cotton growing. An essential oil crop is cultivated - geranium. Horticulture and viticulture were widely developed. The trench culture of lemons has been mastered. The area of fruit and berry plantations (including citrus fruits) was 66,000 ha in 1975 (21,000 ha in 1940), and vineyards, 22,000 ha (8,000 ha in 1940). The gross harvest of fruits and berries was 276,000 tons in 1975 (121,000 tons in 1940), grapes, 147,000 tons (49,000 tons in 1940).
Animal husbandry is predominantly of the distant-pasture type (see Table 3). Developed sericulture. In 1975, 3,400 tons of cocoons were harvested.
On the growth of livestock production, see the data in Table. 4.
Cattle
including cows
Pigs
Sheep and goats
Horses
Bird, million
═══2,7
═══4,1
Tab. 4. ‒ Manufacture of basic products
Meat (in slaughter weight), thousand tons
Milk, thousand tons
Eggs, mln.
Wool, thousand tons
The operational length of railways was 903 km in 1975, of which 470 km were narrow-gauge. The broad gauge railway line Termez - Kurgan-Tyube - Yavan (264 km) is being built (1977), over 200 km of which were put into operation in 1974. The length of roads is 13.4 thousand km (1975), including with a hard surface 9, 7 thousand km. Navigable river routes 0.2 thousand km. Developed air transport. Pipeline transport is represented by gas pipelines in South-Western Tajikistan (from local gas fields) and branches to the cities of Northern Tajikistan from the main gas pipeline Mubarek - Bekabad - Fergana. The Kelif-Dushanbe gas pipeline supplies gas from Afghanistan.
The standard of living of the population of the republic is steadily rising. The national income for 1966-75 increased 1.8 times. Real incomes per capita in 1975 compared with 1965 increased 1.6 times. Retail turnover of state and cooperative trade (including public catering) increased from 100 million rubles. in 1940 to 1675 million rubles. in 1975, while the turnover per capita - 5.8 times. The amount of deposits in savings banks in 1975 reached 451 million rubles. (5 million rubles in 1940), the average deposit is 750 rubles. (44 rubles in 1940). At the end of 1975, the city housing stock amounted to 11.9 million m 2
total (usable) area. During 1971–75, 5,821,000 m 2
total (usable) area.
Cultural building. According to the 1897 census, the literacy of the population was 2.3%. At the beginning of the 20th century in Khojent (now Leninabad), Ura-Tube and other cities, there were 10 so-called. there were no Russian-native schools (in the 1914/15 academic year, 369 students studied in them), there were no secondary specialized and higher educational institutions. After the establishment of Soviet power, a national school with teaching in their native language. In 1939, literate people made up 82.8% of the population; according to the 1970 census, 99.6%.
In 1975, 82,000 children were being brought up in permanent preschool institutions.
In 1975/76 school. 0.9 million students studied in 3.2 thousand general education schools of all types, 23.6 thousand students studied in 59 vocational schools (including 23 vocational schools providing secondary education, 8.7 thousand students studied), 38.1 thousand students studied in 38 secondary specialized educational institutions, 50.4 thousand students studied in 9 universities. The largest universities: Tajik University, Tajik Medical Institute, Agricultural Institute.
In 1975, 737 people had higher and secondary (complete and incomplete) education per 1,000 people employed in the national economy. (45 people in 1939).
The largest scientific institution is the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR. In 1975, 6,600 scientists (including university scientists) worked in the scientific institutions of the republic.
The network of cultural institutions has received significant development. As of January 1, 1975, there were: 11 theaters, including the Tajik Opera and Ballet Theatre, the Tajik Drama Theatre, the Republican Theater of Musical Comedy; 1.1 thousand stationary film installations; 1.2 thousand club institutions; the largest republican library is the State Library of the Tajik SSR. Firdousi (opened in 1933 on the basis of the city library, which arose in 1925, 2.5 million copies of books, brochures, magazines, etc.); 1.4 thousand mass libraries (9.4 million copies of books and magazines); 7 museums.
In 1975, 868 titles of books and pamphlets were published with a total circulation of 6.0 million copies. (372 titles with a circulation of 2823 thousand copies in 1940), including 413 titles in the Tajik language with a circulation of 4.3 million copies; 61 journal editions were published with a total annual circulation of 19.0 million copies. (9 editions, with an annual circulation of 141,000 copies in 1940). 61 newspapers were published with an annual circulation of about 226 million copies. Newspapers are published in Tajik, Russian and other languages.
The Tajik Telegraph Agency (TajikTA) has been operating since 1933. The Republican Book Chamber was founded in 1936. The first radio broadcasts began in 1924. In 1975, the republican radio broadcasted in Tajik, Russian, and Uzbek. Television broadcasts have been conducted since 1959. Television center in Dushanbe.
In the republic in 1975 there were 278 hospitals with 33,500 beds (121 hospitals with 4,500 beds in 1940); 7.2 thousand doctors and 21.2 thousand paramedical personnel worked (0.6 thousand doctors and 2.7 thousand paramedical personnel in 1940). Balneological and climatic resorts are popular: Obigarm, Khoja-Obigarm.
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
The Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Okrug was formed on January 2, 1925. It is located within the Pamirs. Area 63.7 thousand km 2
.
Population 116 thousand people. (as of January 1, 1976). The average population density is 1.8 people. per 1 km 2
.
Center - Khorog.
The leading sector of the economy is agriculture. In 1975 there were 15 state farms and 46 collective farms. The sown area of all agricultural crops in 1975 amounted to 17,100 hectares. Agriculture is irrigated and is concentrated mainly in the Western Pamirs. Gardening, sericulture. Animal husbandry (mainly fat-tailed sheep and yaks) predominates in the Eastern Pamirs. Livestock (as of January 1, 1976, thousand): cattle 63.6, sheep and goats 335.6. In 1975, industrial output exceeded the 1940 level by 28 times. The local industry is developing. Salt is mined.
In 1975/76 school. 34.8 thousand students studied in 265 general education schools of all types, 287 students in a vocational school, and 68 students in a medical school. Among the scientific institutions is the Pamir Biological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR.
In 1975, a theater, 148 public libraries, a museum, the House of Folk Art, 165 club institutions, and 80 stationary film installations were operating.
In 1975 there were 138 doctors; there were 980 hospital beds.
The Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Okrug was awarded the Order of Lenin (1967) and the Order of Friendship of Peoples (1972).
- - sheep, semi-coarse-haired, fat-tailed. Bred in 1947-63 in the Taj. SSR by crossing Hissar queens with Saraja rams: crossbreeds of Lincoln rams with Hissar queens were also used ...
Agricultural Encyclopedic Dictionary
- - see also 4. SHEEP The Tajik semi-coarse-wool breed of sheep was bred in 1947-1963 in the experimental farm of the Tajik Research Institute of Agriculture...
Genetic resources of farm animals in Russia and neighboring countries
- - ...
Geographic atlas
- - ...
Geographic atlas
- - Tajikistan, located in the south-east. Wed Asia. Pl. 143.1 tons km2. Us. 4365 t.h. The capital is Dushanbe. Includes Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast...
Demographic Encyclopedic Dictionary
- - Tajikistan. As part of the USSR. It is located in the southeast of Central Asia. On the territory of Tajikistan, cultural monuments of the ancient Central Asian indigenous settled East Iranian culture have been preserved ...
Art Encyclopedia
- - cm....
Counterintelligence Dictionary
- - see UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC...
Russian encyclopedia
- - The main principles of Soviet foreign policy The Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917 created a new type of state - the Soviet socialist state - and thus laid the foundation ...
- - The Armed Forces of the USSR - the military organization of the Soviet state, designed to protect the socialist gains Soviet people, freedom and independence of the Soviet Union ...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- - Soviet trade unions are the most massive public organization, uniting on a voluntary basis workers, collective farmers and employees of all professions without distinction of race, nationality, sex and religion ...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- - The Tajik SSR is located in the south-east. Central Asia. It borders Afghanistan in the south and China in the east. The area is 143.1 thousand km2. Population 3486 thousand people. ...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- - The objective basis of economic zoning is the territorial division of labor, and the economic meaning is the increase in the efficiency of social production as a result of specialization and ...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- - an intermountain depression located between the mountain structures of Gissar-Alay, Pamir and Hindu Kush. In the Mesozoic, Paleogene and Neogene, the area of stable sedimentation ...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- - sheep, a breed of semi-coarse-haired fat-tailed sheep. Bred in the Tajik SSR by crossing Hissar queens with Saraja rams; crossbreeds of Lincoln rams with Hissar queens were also used ... From the book Rehabilitation: how it was March 1953 - February 1956. the author Artizov A N
No. 3 ORDER OF THE USSR MINISTER OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS, THE USSR MINISTER OF JUSTICE AND THE USSR PROSECUTOR GENERAL "ON THE PROCEDURE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECREE OF THE PRESIDIUM OF THE USSR SUPERIOR COUNCIL OF MARCH 27, 1953 "ON AMNESTY"" March 28, 1953 No. 08/012/85s Pursuant to the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council USSR from 27
From the book All Masterpieces of World Literature in Brief the author Novikov V IPERSIAN-TAJIK LITERATURE
PERSIAN-TAJIK LITERATURE
From book Foreign literature ancient eras, medieval and renaissance author Novikov Vladimir Ivanovich From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (TA) of the author TSBNo. 7 FROM THE MESSAGE OF THE NKGB OF THE USSR TO THE CC AUCP(b), SNK USSR, NKO USSR and NKVD USSR dated March 6, 1941
From the author's bookNo. 7 FROM THE MESSAGE OF THE USSR NKGB To the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the NKO of the USSR and the NKVD of the USSR dated March 6, 1941 Message from Berlin According to information received from an official of the Committee on the Four-Year Plan, several members of the committee received an urgent task to make calculations of raw material reserves And
No. 9 NOTE OF THE USSR PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE OF STATE SECURITY V.N. MERKULOV TO THE CC OF THE AUCP(b), SNK AND NKVD OF THE USSR WITH THE TEXT OF THE TELEGRAM OF THE ENGLISH MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS A. Eden TO THE AMBASSADOR OF ENGLAND IN THE USSR S. KRIPPS ON THE INTENTIONS OF GERMANY TO ATTACK THE USSR
From the author's bookNo. 9 NOTE OF THE USSR PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE OF STATE SECURITY V.N. MERKULOV TO THE CC AUCP(b), SNK and NKVD OF THE USSR WITH THE TEXT OF THE TELEGRAM OF THE ENGLISH MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS A. Eden TO THE AMBASSADOR OF ENGLAND IN THE USSR S. KRIPPSU ON THE INTENTIONS OF GERMANY TO ATTACK THE USSR No. 1312/M April 26, 1941 Top secret Sending
Tajik stance towards Western NGOs is noticeably tougher
From WikiLeaks. Compromise on Russia author author unknownThe Tajik stance towards Western NPOs is noticeably tougher 15. (C) Lately However, we note a gradual tightening of the position of the Tajik side. While no new anti-NGO laws are expected in Tajikistan ( similar topics that operate in Kazakhstan
