Flag is the state symbol of Russia
Goals:
- To instill in children a respectful attitude towards the state symbols of Russia, the Constitution - the fundamental law of the country.
- Expand students' understanding of their native country.
- Introduce children to the new concepts of “standard”, “banner”, “vexillology”.
- Develop students' cognitive activity.
Progress of the event.
(Slide 1) State symbols have their own history. They have come a long way in their development, they had a deep meaning, their creators were motivated by wonderful and kind ideas
(Slide 2) At the sound of the anthem, the heart begins to beat excitedly. Sports fans resolutely paint their faces in “state” colors. Competition winners are often brought to tears when the flag of their home country flies up.
(Slide 3 ) All these manifestations of pride and love for one’s homeland are expressed through respect for its symbols. Without their reverence, without knowledge of their history, without understanding the meaning inherent in them, the social and personal development of a young citizen of Russia is impossible.
Today we will talk about one of the symbols of Russia - the flag.
(Slide 4) During the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries, sailors and travelers planted the flags of their states on new lands. Thus denoting the possessions of their countries.
(Slide 5) When the Norwegian explorer R. Amundsen was the first to reach the South Pole in 1911, he planted the Norwegian flag there as a symbol that the honor of discovering the South Pole belonged to the Norwegians.
(Slide 6) When in 1969, for the first time in human history, American astronauts set foot on the surface of the Moon, the Americans planted the US flag there.
(Slide 7) The word "flag" is of Dutch origin and means "ship's ensign". Indeed, there is a lot in common between the flag and the banner: both are panels with various emblems and inscriptions, attached to a pole or cord.
There are different flags. The world of flags is large and diverse.
(Slide 8) The word “banner” comes from the word “sign, sign, omen.” A banner is a sign of who it belongs to, its symbol.
In medieval Russia, military units and military regalia were also called banners. Russian banners owe their origin to military affairs.
The banner is a symbol of unification. The troops lined up around battle flags. The banner signified the commander's headquarters (tent) and the center of the battle formation. The number of banners was used to determine the number of troops.
(Slide 9) Raising the banner meant readiness for battle, lowering it meant admitting defeat. Therefore, in the battle, the warriors tried to break through to the enemy banner in order to cut it down and capture it. The loss of the banner brought great shame to the entire military unit. Capturing the enemy's banner in battle was considered a special distinction.
(Slide 10 ) Not only military units can have banners; there are also banners of organizations. There are differences between banners and flags. Flags are usually made from lighter material. They have simpler images. The banners may have different emblems and inscriptions, often complex compositions. Unlike flags, banners are not hung for long periods of time. They are kept rolled up and used on specific occasions.
(Slide 11) The banners are carried by certain people - standard bearers. They also guard the banner in battle. The banner is considered a symbol of a military unit or organization (in our case, a cadet school).
The banner consists of several parts, the main thing being the panel. Usually the panels are rectangular, but they can have other shapes. The cloth is attached to the shaft, which is crowned with a pommel. The pommel is made in the form of some kind of emblem. Ribbons, cords with tassels can also be attached to it. Emblems and inscriptions are usually drawn or hung on the banner and placed on both sides. In this case, the front side is considered to be turned to the right of the shaft in relation to the viewer.
(Slide 12) Standards are a type of banner. Once upon a time, regimental banners in the cavalry were called standards; today, a standard is the flag of the head of state and his leaders, accompanying them during a solemn ceremony. The standard has a smaller panel size than ordinary banners and flags. As a rule, the panel of the standard is square in shape.
Banners also include banners. A banner is a church banner. Essentially, this is an icon depicted on a canvas. Banners usually contain an image of Christ, the Mother of God, saints, a cross, as well as the texts of the Holy Scriptures and prayers. Banners are carried out during religious processions and other church rituals. In the old days, battle banners were also called banners.
There is a historical science “vexillology” (from the Roman “vexillum” - banner), which studies banners.
Each country, as everyone knows, has its own flag.
The Constitution adopted in 1993 determined that the description and procedure for the official use of the state flag are established by federal constitutional law. This law was adopted by the State Duma on December 8, 2000, signed by President V.V. Putin on December 25, and officially published on December 27, 2000. Its description is as follows: The state flag of the Russian Federation is a panel of three equal horizontal stripes: the top is white, the middle is blue and the bottom is red. The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 2:3.
(Slide 13) The national flag of the Russian Federation is constantly raised on the buildings of the authorities of our country. It is hung on public holidays and special ceremonies.
It rises on the buildings of Russian diplomatic missions abroad.
(Slide 14) It flies as a stern flag on the masts of Russian ships.
(Slide 15 ) Three-color images of the flag are applied to aircraft Russian Federation and its spacecraft. The flag testifies to belonging to Russia, denotes its territory, confirms the state functions of those bodies over whose buildings it flies.
(Slide 16) The national flag is also raised during official ceremonies and special events. Every day it soars at the place where Russian military units are permanently stationed.
(Slide 17) On days of national mourning, the flag is lowered or a black ribbon is attached to the top of the flagpole. This testifies to the grief of the entire state, the entire people.
The flag is our shrine, and we must treat it with respect and reverence.
The Russian flag owes its birth to the Russian fleet. In 1667-1669, the first Russian flotilla was built in the village of Dedinovo on the Oka River. We had to choose a flag for the ship. The captain of the ship "Eagle" D. Butler asked the government what flags his flotilla should fly: “On ships of which state the ship is, there is a banner of that state.”
Indeed, the flag of a particular country showed that this ship belongs to it and is its territory. By that time, the leading maritime powers already had their own flags. It is from maritime flags that many state flags originate. In April 1668, Russian ships were ordered to issue a large amount of white, blue and red material, but we do not know exactly how these colors were located on the first Russian flags. Some researchers believe that the flag consisted of four parts.
(Slide 19) The Russian tricolor probably arose from the Dutch model(Slide 30) . It is likely that Alexei Mikhailovich, and then Peter I, took as a basis the combination of colors of the Dutch flag (orange, white and blue)
The arrangement of stripes on the Russian flag was different and reflected Russian traditions. Red, the color of blood, seemed to denote the earthly world, blue – the celestial sphere, white – divine light. All three colors have long been revered in Rus'.
(Slide 20) The color red was considered a symbol of courage and courage, as well as a synonym for beauty. The blue color was a symbol of the Mother of God. White color personified peace, purity, nobility.
(Slide 21) In 1705, the “Book of Flags” by the Dutchman K. Alyard was published in Amsterdam. By order of Peter I, this book was translated into Russian. It shows and describes the flags and pennants of many countries. It is interesting that this publication includes a description of the flags of “His Tsarist Majesty of Moscow.” The first flag, as Alard writes, “is divided into three, the top stripe is white, the middle stripe is blue, the bottom stripe is red. On a blue gold stripe with a royal karuna is crowned a double-headed eagle, which has a red mark in its heart with a silver Saint George without the Serpent.” The second banner also has stripes - white, blue, red, and these stripes are “cut through” with a blue St. Andrew’s cross. Apostle Andrew was considered the patron saint of Russia and navigation.
(Slide 22) St. Andrew's flag appeared in the era of Peter I around 1707. This is a flag - a blue oblique cross on a white field. St. Andrew's flag became the flag of the navy Russian Empire. Thus, the military fleet sailed under the St. Andrew's flag, and the civil and commercial fleet flew under the white-blue-red one.
So guys, today you got acquainted with the symbols state power Russia, with a part of Russian history.
That is why the attitude towards the coat of arms, flag and anthem is also the attitude towards the state itself. And it should be respectful not only to its Fatherland. Insulting state symbols is akin to insulting both the state and its people, its history and culture.
MBOU OOSH village Vyazovoe
Prepared by: Vladimirtsev Denis
7th grade student of the MBOU secondary school in the village of Vyazovoe
Head: Ustinov S.A.
history and social studies teacher
2014
Plan
Introduction
1.History of the Russian flag
2.Modern flag of Russia
3.The meaning of the colors of the flag
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction
Each state has its own symbols. They personify the system of its values, reflect the peculiarities of historical development, the customs and traditions that have developed in it. The symbols of the state have their own history, they have come a long way and they have a deep meaning. At the sound of the anthem, the heart begins to beat excitedly. Sports fans paint their faces in national colors, and the winners of competitions often have tears welling up as the moisture of their native country soars up. All love for the Motherland is expressed through respect for its symbols. Without their respect, becoming a citizen is impossible. After all, this is a historical memory, a living legend about the past and present, about the life of the state. Russia also has its own symbols - the flag, coat of arms and anthem. One of them, expressing its independence, is the state flag. I learned that the Russian flag has a long history, its appearance has changed at different times. Therefore, I decided to study the history of the origin of the Russian flag, explore its changes in various historical eras, find out the meaning of the colors of the Russian flag and prove that the history of the flag is connected with the past, the heroic and tragic pages of our Motherland.
1.History of the Russian flag
The history of state flags is inextricably linked with the history of fleets and Russia is no exception. The Russian flag owes its birth to the Russian fleet.
Creator Russian fleet Emperor Peter the Great is considered. Peter the Great himself, in the main maritime document of his time, the Naval Charter, declared and diligently emphasized that he was not the beginning, but only the continuer of the creation of the fleet, the true beginning of which was laid by his father, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
The construction of the first naval ships in Russia began by order of Alexei Mikhailovich five years before the birth of Peter the Great. In 1667-1669. The first Russian flotilla was built in the village of Dedinovo on the Oka River. It was intended to protect trade caravans sailing along the Volga and Caspian Sea from pirate attacks and consisted of a three-masted ship "Eagle" with 22 guns and four smaller ships.
The captain of the ship Eagle asked the government what flags his flotilla should fly. After all, the flag served as an identification mark of the ship, and the state thereby indicated that the ship was under its protection.
In April 1668, Russian ships were ordered to be supplied with large quantities of material in white, blue and red colors. But exactly how these colors were placed on the first flags is unknown.
Some believe that, by analogy with the Streltsy banners common at that time, the first Russian flag was a panel with a straight blue cross and white and red corners.
Others believe that the first state flag of Russia had the same composition that exists to this day: of three horizontal
Estimated appearance of the flag of the ship "Eagle" stripes of white, blue and red colors.
It was the striped white-blue-red flag that was used by Peter I during his first experiments in shipbuilding and his first sea voyage in 1693.
We must not forget that the builders of the first Russian ships were the Dutch, and they also made up their crews. The Russians did not know naval art and completely trusted the Dutch craftsmen in all matters of creating ships. It is likely that when the time came to create the flag and the colors that should be used in it were determined - white, blue and red - the Dutch masters created the flag according to the tradition accepted in their homeland. The flag of the Netherlands at that time was striped, red, white and blue (an orange stripe was also often used instead of red). It is possible that, according to the Dutch tradition, the Russian flag was also composed of three horizontal stripes, and a different arrangement of color stripes was used to clearly distinguish the Russian symbol from the Dutch one.
The history of the first Russian ships was short. In 1670, they came to Astrakhan, but did not have time to begin military service: in the same year, Astrakhan was captured by the troops of Stepan Razin and the ships stationed in it were burned. Along with the ships, their flags also perished, but the memory of the first Russian state white-blue-red flag remained.
In 1688, a minor event occurred, the consequences of which radically affected the history of our country. The young Tsar Peter I, walking through the palace barns in the village of Izmailovskoye near Moscow, found a dilapidated English boat (a large sailing boat), became interested in it, learned that the boat could sail both with and against the wind, and ordered the discovery to be restored. Soon Peter was already sailing on a boat and learning to sail. Passionately interested in sailing, the tsar obtained permission from his mother to transport the boat to Lake Pereyaslavl, where new ships were soon built. The history of the Russian fleet began with these youthful amusements.
The fleet needed the main identification sign - a flag - and flags were not slow to appear on the “amusing” ships of Peter I. It is not known whether flags were used on the boat, but it is significant that horizontal white, blue and red stripes were placed on the sides of the boat. The ships of the Pereyaslav flotilla had flags; information on what they looked like has not been preserved, but it is known that white, blue and red material was purchased for them in equal quantities.
On August 6, 1693, during the voyage of Peter I on the 12-gun yacht “St. Peter”, in the White Sea with a detachment of warships, the so-called “Flag of the Tsar” was raised as a standard for the first time
Moscow" - a panel consisting of three horizontal stripes of white, blue and red
Flag of the Tsar of Moscow
flowers, with a golden double-headed eagle in the middle.
However, the “Flag of the Tsar of Moscow” was not the only flag used in the 1690s – 1700s.In 1697-1700 the first Russian warships used striped white-blue-red flags. The first merchant ships were supposed to use a white flag with a double-headed eagle, however, references to the actualThe use of such a flag has not survived: alreadyfrom the late 1690s Russian merchant ships sail under a white, blue and red flag.
Around 1700, a solid foundation for the Russian flag system was formed. Peter abandons the “Flag of the Tsar of Moscow” and adopts a fundamentally new flag as his standard: a yellow cloth with a black double-headed eagle holding maps of the four seas in its beaks and paws.
On January 20, 1705, Peter I issued a decree according to which “all kinds of merchant ships” should fly a white, blue and red flag.
The three-stripe flag was also used on warships until 1712, when the St. Andrew's flag was approved as a naval flag. The white-blue-red flag becomes the commercial flag (that is, the flag of civilian ships).
Despite the fact that Peter I developed a huge number of flags during his life (various versions of the St. Andrew’s flag, standards of the Tsar of Moscow and the All-Russian Emperor, versions of the jacks, etc.), he never installed the state flag of the Russian Empire.
In 1858, during the reign of Emperor Alexander II, the chairman of the heraldic chamber of the Russian Empire, Baron Kene, drew the sovereign’s attention to the fact that the colors of the state flag of Russiado not match the colors of the state emblem.
By decree of Alexander II of June 11, 1858, a black-yellow-white “flag of coat of arms colors” was introduced:“Description of the highest approved design of the arrangement of the emblem of the Empire on banners, flags and other items used for decoration on special occasions. Location of these
colors are horizontal, the top stripe is black, the middle stripe is yellow (or gold), and the bottom stripe is white (or silver).
Thus, the flag of the coat of arms became the first officially approved state flag of Russia. Russian society did not accept this new symbol of state power: two flags existed in parallel in the empire: black-yellow-white and white-blue-red, and the preference of the population was universally given to the latter.
Emperor AlexanderIIIDuring the coronation, I noticed the contrast in Moscow: the Kremlin was decorated and the entire procession was dressed in black, yellow and white, while in the city white, blue and red colors predominated. A commission of authoritative persons was appointed, which made the following decision:“The white-blue-red flag, established by Emperor Peter the Great, is almost 200 years old. Heraldic data are also noticeable in it: the Moscow coat of arms depicts a white horseman in a blue cloak on a red field... On the other hand, the white-yellow-black colors have neither historical nor heraldic bases behind them.”
Based on the decision of the commission, white-blue-red was approved as the national flag. April 28, 1883 (May 7, 1883, this decision was included in the Collection of Legislation of the Russian Empire) by AlexanderIIIThe “Decree on Flags for Decorating Buildings on Ceremonial Occasions” was issued, which ordered the use of exclusively white-blue-red flags. From that moment on, black-yellow-white was considered the dynastic flag of the reigning house of the Romanovs.
The last Russian Emperor Nicholas II in 1896 finally assigned the white-blue-red flag the status of the only state flag of the Russian Empire.
With the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, in order to raise the patriotism of the population, an additional imperial flag “for use in private life” was introduced by a special circular of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It differed from the state flag of the empire by a yellow square with a black double-headed eagle (a composition corresponding to the palace standard of the emperor). The eagle was depicted without titular coats of arms on the wings; the square overlapped the white and about a quarter of the blue stripes of the flag.
However, this flag did not spread; contrary to popular belief, it was never the state flag of the Russian Empire. The new flag was not introduced as mandatory; its use was only “allowed.” The symbolism of the flag emphasized the unity of the king with the people. The white-blue-red national flag existed until 1918.
The fateful year of 1917 opened a terrible and bloody page in our history. The provisional government that seized power in February 1917 changed the coat of arms and anthem of Russia, but the traditional white-blue-red flag was considered a historical national symbol and was retained. However, the power of the Provisional Government was fragile and short-lived; in October 1917 it was overthrown.
The Bolsheviks attached paramount importance to the symbolic assertion of their power, and here, as in any revolution, a special place belonged, first of all, to the flag.
The symbol of the left forces from the middle of the second half of the 19th century centuries, a red cloth served (it also had an interpretation - a cloth the color of blood shed in the struggle for communist ideas). The red color of the revolution did not change after the October events. On the basis of this party symbol, the symbols of the new Soviet state were created.
In the first months Soviet power the role of the state flag was performed by a rectangular red panel that did not have any inscriptions or emblems. However, this type of state flag was not established by any documents.
On April 8, 1918, the issue of the state flag was discussed at a meeting of the Council of People's Commissars. The resolution of the Council of People's Commissars proposed declaring a red banner with the letters “P. V.S.S.” (that is, with an abbreviation of the motto “Workers of all countries, unite!”).
However, this proposal was not accepted. By the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of April 13, 1918, the official flag of the RSFSR was proclaimed a red banner with the inscription: “Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic" Since 1922, the RSFSR became an integral part of a single state - the USSR. The national flag of the USSR, according to the Constitution of 1924, was“a red or scarlet cloth with an image on its upper corner near the shaft of a golden sickle and hammer and above it a red five-pointed star framed by a gold border.”
The USSR flag remained this way until 1991.
2.Modern flag of Russia
The historical destinies of Russia made it possible for the return of the white-blue-red flag to our modern life. Back in 1989, on the occasion of the anniversary of the February Revolution, it was raised by protesters on Mayakovsky Square in Moscow and in front of the Kazan Cathedral in Leningrad. In April 1991, the Government Commission of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR approved the use of a three-stripe flag as a new symbol Russian Federation. In the same year (August 22), the Extraordinary Session of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR decided to “consider the historical flag of Russia - a cloth of equal horizontal white, azure and scarlet stripes - as the official National Flag of the Russian Federation.”It is believed that recent history Peter's tricolor flag originates on August 22, 1991, when, as a sign of victory over the putschists, it was hoisted over the White House.
On August 22, 1991, a rally was scheduled, during which the tricolor flag was supposed to fly. All that was left was to find the tricolor, but it wasn’t at hand. Then someone remembered that they had seen him in the office of the then Minister of Foreign Economic Relations Yaroshenko. Here we have to go back to 1990. In the fall, an exhibition of Russian goods was held in Sweden, and Yaroshenko, who came to it, wanted to raise a tricolor flag in front of the pavilion. The artist who designed the exhibition liked the idea, and he sewed a solid, two-by-three-meter banner. However, the Russian commissioner of the exhibition intervened and prohibited such, at that time, amateur performances. Yaroshenko took the tricolor to Moscow and hung it in his office. Now it came in handy. Soon the flag ended up on Krasnopresnenskaya embankment. The rally was in full swing when, to the applause of those gathered, during B.N. Yeltsin’s speech, the red flag of the RSFSR with a blue stripe was lowered, and in its place the historical tricolor number one soared. He crowned the White House in just 24 hours, turning out to be too small for such a grandiose building. And it was not sewn according to the standards accepted in such cases and requiring especially durable fabric that hardly discolors and wears out little to withstand rain, sun, and wind. The next day, just such a banner was raised over the White House, and the tricolor taken from the minister returned to its owner.Presidential decrees of 1993 – 1994 the status of this flag as a state symbol was determined, the colors were clearly established: white-blue-red (instead of: white, azure, scarlet). August 22 was declared the Day of the State Flag of the Russian Federation.
According to Article 70 of the Russian Constitution of 1993, state symbols are approved by a special federal constitutional law. The Federal Constitutional Law “On the State Flag of the Russian Federation” was adopted by the State Duma on December 8, 2000, on December 20 it was approved by the Federation Council, and on December 25 of the same year it was signed by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin. The law established a description of the State Flag and the procedure for its official use. In Art. The first one says: “The state flag of the Russian Federation is a rectangular panel of three equal horizontal stripes: the top is white, the middle is blue and the bottom is red. The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 2:3.” In subsequent articles, the principles of using the State Flag are developed, which is constantly raised on the buildings of federal legislative and executive authorities, and on public holidays of the Russian Federation, the State Flag is hung on the buildings of local governments, public associations, enterprises, institutions, organizations, regardless of the form of ownership, as well as on residential buildings. Article 10 especially emphasizes that the use of the State flag in violation of the rules specified in Federal law, desecration of the flag leads to punishment in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3.The meaning of the colors of the Russian flag
Analyzing the literature and sources on state symbols, we can come to the conclusion that there is no consensus on why the colors of our country are present on the flag: white, blue and red. Some sources say that the Russian tricolor arose according to the Dutch model. In the 17th century Holland became one of the largest maritime powers. For the flags of their ships, the Dutch chose a combination of three colors - orange, white and blue. Orange was considered the dynastic color of the Orange, who led the fight against Spain for Dutch independence.
In our country, orange was replaced by red, because... red color was considered a symbol of courage and courage. The white color represented faith, the Tsar and the Fatherland. In addition, he was considered free and open.
There is another version: the Russian national flag confirms the traditional Russian idea of the world, including the existence of matter, the human soul and spiritual existence.
The arrangement of stripes on the Russian flag coincides with the ancient understanding of the trinity of the world: the physical, carnal, material world - on the flag it is represented in red; above – the world of the human soul – blue; and even higher - the world of the Divine spirit, Heavenly purity.
There was also this interpretation of the arrangement of colors on the Russian flag: red meant love, blue meant hope, white meant faith.
According to another version, red meant sovereignty, blue was the color of the Mother of God, under whose protection Russia was, white was the color of freedom and independence.
There is another “sovereign” interpretation of the meanings of the colors of the flag, which means the unity of the three fraternal East Slavic peoples: white is the color of White Rus' (Belarus), blue is Little Russia (Ukraine), red is Great Russia.
Currently, the following interpretation of the meanings of the colors of the Russian flag is most often (unofficially) used: white means peace, purity, purity, perfection; blue is the color of faith and fidelity, constancy; red color symbolizes energy, strength, blood shed for the Fatherland.
Conclusion
The flag is our national shrine. He is given the highest state honors, his dignity is subject to protection both within the country and abroad.
The national flag of the Russian Federation is constantly raised on the buildings of government and administrative bodies. It is hung on public holidays and special ceremonies. Flies on the buildings of Russian diplomatic missions abroad. It develops on the masts of Russian ships. The three-color image of the flag is applied to the aircraft of the Russian Federation and its spacecraft. Every day it soars at the place of permanent residence of Russian military units, etc. In my home village of Vyazovoe, the Russian flag rises on the building of the village administration, a separate fire and rescue station, as well as the school building where I study.
As a result of my research, I found out that the appearance of the white-blue-red flag is associated with the name of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and not, as many believe, PeterI. The year of its appearance is 1688. During the reign of PeterIThe current arrangement of stripes on the flag was established, and it became the flag of the merchant fleet. However, in pre-Petrine times, the tricolor was hoisted on the first Russian warship, the Eagle. Officially, the white-blue-red flag was approved as the state flag on the eve of the coronation of NicholasIIin 1896 During the Soviet period of history, the tricolor was abolished, and then revived again. The birthday of the current flag of the Russian Federation is August 22, 1991.
The colors of the Russian flag in certain eras had different meanings, but always reflected the best qualities of a person, the Russian people and everything that surrounds them.
The national flag is part of Russian history, the embodiment of its heroic and tragic pages, a reflection of the life of the peoples of our country. And therefore we all should know the history of state symbols.
Bibliography
Degtyarev A.Ya. History of the Russian Flag.-M., 2000
Pchelov E.V. State symbols of Russia: coat of arms, flag, anthem.-M., 2004
Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993
Soboleva N.A. Russian state symbols: history and modernity.-M.: 2003.
Federal State Law of December 25, 2005 “On the State Flag of the Russian Federation”
Plan.
I. Modern, official, state flags of Russia.
A) the state flag of Russia
B) standard of the President of the Russian Federation
B) Victory Banner
II. History of Russian state flags
B) standard
III. History of the Russian flag
A) the birth of the Russian flag
B) St. Andrew's flag
B) state flags of the Russian Empire
D) Soviet era flags
D) Victory Banner
IV. Modern state flag of Russia
A) revival of the tricolor of Peter I
B) laws and decrees on the state flag, the Victory Banner
C) the meaning of the flag as a symbol of the state
Equipment:
Computer presentation
Decrees and laws on the state flag of Russia, decree on the Victory Banner
Illustrations
Target:
To promote the formation, formation of spiritual, moral and patriotic qualities of the individual.
Tasks:
To foster a sense of patriotism and civic responsibility, respect for the symbols of Russian statehood. Provide students with more complete information about the history of the appearance of the state flag of Russia, about the history of standards and banners in Russia. Increase the motivation of educational activities through the use of non-traditional forms of presenting material, ICT tools, elements play activity Find, organize and analyze information. Learn to analyze historical sources and draw conclusions. Learn to convey information to listeners and defend your point of view with arguments. Develop Creative skills students.
Move.
Teacher:
Today we are holding a press conference on the topic “The Russian flag is a symbol of state power.”
Our guest:
Researcher at the Institute of Statistics and Public Opinion.
Candidates historical sciences, dealing with issues of flag studies and banner studies.
Doctor of Historical Sciences, specialist in vexillology, studies Soviet period in the history of our state.
Political scientist.
Our conference is attended by high school and university students. During the conference, you can ask participants questions, take part in discussions, and answer questions.
So, let's start our conference and give the floor to a statistician
Teacher:
We summarize the results of the survey about symbols.
Each state has its own distinctive signs - state symbols, which include the coat of arms, flag, and anthem. It is the duty of every citizen to know and understand their meaning. We were destined to be born in Russia, and we must respect its symbols and history, we must feel proud of our people. This is difficult to teach, it must be understood and felt. And I would really like you to understand that the flag, coat of arms, and anthem are symbols of the historical continuity of the basic values of the state.
The famous Russian thinker V. Belinsky wrote: “The ancient emblem or color of the nation, like the coat of arms of an ancient family, must always and invariably be kept intact. Otherwise, the emblem itself loses its symbolic and historical meaning, does not gain popularity among the people and becomes nothing more than an official, government stamp.” I would really like this not to happen to our flag. And this depends largely on you.
Survey questions:
Question
Answers:
1.Name the symbols of Russian state power.
2. Name the colors of the national flag of Russia and the order in which they are located on the flag.
3. What do the colors of the Russian national flag symbolize?
4. Name the first line of the Russian national anthem.
The Russian flag has changed quite significantly throughout the entire period of its existence. And the last option, which is used in modern world, is as close as possible to the one that appeared first. In honor of this symbol of the country, Flag Day of the Russian Federation is celebrated annually on August 22, since it was on this day in 1991 that the modern arrangement of colors was approved, which, however, were used in Tsarist Rus' long before that. It should be noted that this date did not become a holiday immediately, but only starting in 1994, when the corresponding presidential decree was published.
History of the flag
It is believed that its appearance in the version in which the Russian flag exists now is due to Peter the Great and his actions aimed at creating a fleet. It was thanks to the need to indicate that a ship belonged to one or another power that the modern version of the tricolor white-blue-red flag arose. However, there is still no evidence of the actual reasons why these particular colors were chosen. Many theories have been proposed, ranging from an attempt to imitate other countries that have similar flag colors, to the simple reason that fabric of other colors was simply not available in warehouses when the problem occurred. Of course, until such a symbol appears in Ancient Rus', and later various banners were used, but they were not officially approved. Only on August 22, 1991, the modern version of the flag was recognized as the state flag, and it was at that moment that such a holiday as Flag Day of the Russian Federation appeared. Nevertheless, starting from the reign of Peter the Great, this symbol, in one form or another, was actively used in trade, in diplomatic missions, and even during hostilities.
Flag of the Russian Empire
The first mention of new colors of the Russian banner appeared in 1731, but in fact the black-yellow-white flag was officially approved only in 1858. Nevertheless, already in 1883 a law was passed according to which during special holidays and other state events, only a white-blue-red flag should be used for decoration. And despite this, both options were in use for a very long time. Thus, over a very long period of history, two variations of the national flag were used simultaneously.
USSR flag
The first variation of the USSR flag was approved in 1918. Before this, either a white-blue-red version or just a red banner was used. Subsequently, it was refined and modified before becoming as most people know it: a red background and a crossed hammer and sickle in the upper left corner. This is how the banner became in 1924, and further edits did not add anything significantly new. Each republic that was part of the USSR had its own variations of the flag, but the main version was taken as the basis.
Modern Russian flag
Since 1991, a white-blue-red banner has been used as the state flag. It remains so to this day. There are many interpretations of what the Russian flag means. The most common interpretation of colors is as follows. White stands for frankness and nobility, blue stands for honesty, fidelity, chastity and impeccability, and red stands for love, generosity, courage and courage. According to other options, the colors symbolize Great, White and Little Rus'. There are many more lesser-known assumptions, according to one of which white symbolizes freedom, blue symbolizes the Virgin Mary, and red symbolizes power. It is also believed that such colors are traditional for the entire Slavic world. Of the modern flags of different powers, the banners of Azania (Somalia) and Slovenia are very similar to the Russian flag. The latter has an almost identical symbol, but Somalia uses turquoise or something similar instead of blue. Previously, similar colors and their similar arrangement were also found on the symbols of the Duchy of Carniola and Slovakia, but were later changed to more unique ones.
Results
In general, the history of the flags of the Russian Federation is quite confusing, complex, has many contradictions and relatively little documentary evidence. It is unclear whether Peter I initially chose this particular arrangement and these colors for the flag. Despite the active use of this symbolism for a long time, it was actually officially approved relatively recently. It should be noted that most of the flags of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation bear little resemblance to the state symbol, and only a few have similar colors. An interesting fact is that everyone has their own flag except the Pskov region, although the different administrative units that are part of it have their own insignia.
The state flag in Russia appeared at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries, during the era of the emergence of Russia as a powerful state. The first traditional flag was introduced by the father of Peter I, Moscow Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, this was the white-blue-red flag known to everyone today, which was intended for the Russian fleet on the Caspian Sea. It simultaneously served as an identification mark, because Arab and Turkish ships also sailed in the Caspian Sea. That's why three stripes were chosen: such a flag was visible from long distances, in fact, it was a signal flag. This flag did not have its own symbols.
For the first time, the white-blue-red flag was raised on the first Russian warship "Eagle", during the reign of Peter I's father Alexei Mikhailovich. The "Eagle" did not sail for long under the new banner: having descended along the Volga to Astrakhan, it was burned there by the rebel peasants of Stepan Razin.
Peter I is rightfully considered the father of the Russian tricolor. He approved the flag as a sign of respect for the memory of his father.
Only for practical purposes - to distinguish his ships from others in battle - Peter for the first time added a state connotation. The banner on the ship’s mast was a signal to comply with the European rules of civilized war, where the flag was a sign of the ship’s belonging to the state as a “floating land.”
Wanting to make Russia a civilized part of Europe, Peter I approved several flags for the Russian fleet and ground forces. And there were a great many flags; almost every regiment of the Life Guards had its own banners.
The place of the main flag, however, remained empty. And the king was concerned about this problem.
In 1699, out of hundreds of banners, Peter I assigned the role of the state flag to the white-blue-red flag, which by that time was usually flown by peaceful merchant ships. Thus, first of all, the representative status of such a flag was emphasized, a sign of friendly disposition, a gesture of good neighborliness and peace was highlighted.
On January 20, 1705, he issued a decree according to which “all kinds of trading ships” should fly a white-blue-red flag, he himself drew a sample and determined the order of horizontal stripes. In different variations, the three-stripe flag also decorated warships until 1712, when the St. Andrew's flag was established in the navy.
By this time, the symbolism of flowers had finally taken shape. The Russian state tricolor flag is a rectangular panel, where three parallel colored stripes represent knowledge:
White is nobility, duty, the color of purity.
Blue is fidelity and chastity, the color of love.
Red is courage and generosity, the color of strength.
This symbolism can be deepened by looking into the works of experts and kabbalists, where: white means fast-flowing time, blue means truth, and red is the color of the resurrection of the dead. And all together this means the following: a sign of power over everything earthly in the name of the victory of heavenly truth. The Russian state flag is a sign of a messianic state that considers the spread of ideas of goodness and truth to be a national calling.
In 1858, Alexander II approved a drawing “with the arrangement of the emblem black-yellow-white colors of the Empire on banners, flags and other items for decoration on the streets on special occasions.” And on January 1, 1865, a personal decree of Alexander II was issued, in which the colors black, orange (gold) and white were directly called “the state colors of Russia.”
The black-yellow-white flag lasted until 1883. On April 28, 1883, a decree from Alexander III was announced, which stated: “So that on those solemn occasions when it is considered possible to allow the decoration of buildings with flags, only the Russian flag should be used, consisting of three stripes: the top - white, the middle - blue and the bottom - red flowers."
In 1896, Nicholas II established a Special Meeting at the Ministry of Justice to discuss the issue of the Russian national flag. The meeting came to the conclusion that “the white-blue-red flag has every right to be called Russian or national and its colors: white, blue and red are called state.”
At this time, the three colors of the flag, which became national, received an official interpretation. The red color meant “sovereignty”, blue - the color of the Mother of God, under whose protection Russia is, white - the color of freedom and independence. These colors also meant the commonwealth of White, Little and Great Russia. After the February Revolution, the Provisional Government used the white-blue-red flag as its state flag.
The revolution of 1917 abolished the previous banner and coat of arms, but left the idea of a messianic state intact.
Soviet Russia did not immediately reject the tricolor symbol of Russia. April 8, 1918 Ya.M. Sverdlov, speaking at a meeting of the Bolshevik faction of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, proposed to approve the red battle flag as the national Russian flag, and for more than 70 years the red banner was the state flag. On August 22, 1991, the Extraordinary Session of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR decided to consider the tricolor the official symbol of Russia, and by decree of the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin of December 11, 1993, the Regulations on the State Flag of the Russian Federation were approved, and August 22 was declared the Day of the State Flag of Russia. On this day, the tricolor Russian flag was officially raised over the White House for the first time, replacing the red banner with the hammer and sickle as the state symbol.
The Russian flag is one of those flags that proclaim the primacy of faith over the state. Among them, for example, are the flags of Muslim states, where green color or a crescent signify faith in Allah and Mohammed, his prophet. The Stars and Stripes of the USA first of all speaks of the unity of all American states, of the triumph of the union of lands for the sake of a common ideal of freedom.
The raising of the Russian flag is usually accompanied by the performance of the Russian national anthem, which usually takes place as part of major state events with the participation of top officials of the state; this ceremony marks the greatness of the state and its history. For deliberate damage to the flag, and especially its destruction, there is a special article in the Criminal Code of Russia, which considers such an act of vandalism as a criminal offense.
The state symbols of Russia reflect the power and greatness of our country, its glorious history, and the exploits of the Russian people.
Russian Flag Day- a holiday that helps unite society on eternal values - patriotism, statehood. This holiday gives us a feeling of pride for our great country, for our compatriots.
Celebrating National Flag Day, we feel like we are part of a great power, we are proud that we are children of Great Russia.
