One of the priority areas of work of each university is the preparation of a personnel reserve for scientific activities, which is why scientific practice is an obligatory component of the educational process. This type of practice is quite difficult (especially for students who do not have a talent for scientific research), but it is possible to master it.
Passage of scientific practice.
Scientific or scientific practice is a type of practical activity of students, which is carried out at the beginning of the second year of the master's program, when students are already ready for serious scientific research.
Of course, the student is not trusted to fully independently implement his scientific ideas and hypotheses, he does this under the control of a representative of the department and the enterprise.
Research practice helps the student to prepare productively for writing his research, and also contributes to the expansion of professional skills acquired throughout the university studies.
Before the internship, the student must be familiarized with:
- tasks prescribed in the practice program (they will need to be completed in full);
- individual assignments;
- methodical.
All of the above nuances are usually discussed at a meeting before practice, and Toolkit you can also ask at the department (if it was not given out at the meeting).
At the end of the internship, the undergraduate must pass:
- practice calendar plan (remember that it is necessary to show and approve it with the head from the practice base even before the start of practical activities);
- diary;
- final report.
All these documents are signed by the head of practice from the organization or enterprise and only then are handed over to the supervisor from the department, without them they are not allowed to the final report.
Features of scientific practice vary depending on the specialty, but its main “framework” is common to all faculties.
Place and terms of scientific practice
Where do scientific practice take place?
Approximately 16 weeks are allotted for scientific practice, usually it is set after the winter session, when the undergraduate only has to write a dissertation and prepare for the State Educational Standard.
The place of passing depends on the topic of the thesis research on which the undergraduate is working, it can be:
- enterprise or organization (when it is required to study its structure, features, etc.);
- educational institution (if the scientific development has a theoretical, educational and methodological orientation or is related to pedagogical activity).
If there is an opportunity to do an internship within the walls of their native university, students usually use it, believing that it makes it easier general process because the atmosphere and faces are already familiar. Nevertheless, scientific practice at an enterprise unfamiliar to you is also a great option, because it allows you to meet new people and provides an excellent opportunity not only for scientific, but also for professional growth.
Who is in charge of scientific practice?
How to choose the head of scientific practice?
The practice is usually supervised by a teacher of the corresponding department. He must have an academic degree and (or) an academic title.
The leader controls the organization of the internship and its passage, conducts general consultations for, and also solves problems related to the internship on an individual basis.
At the end of the practice, the head (alone or with representatives of the department) accepts the final reports and defense, and then puts the result in the test.
What does the student learn during the practice?
During scientific practice, the student must perform a number of tasks of a different nature:
- theoretical;
- practical;
- educational and educational-research;
- creative.
Tasks are selected or formulated by the head of the practice on the basis of the theoretical base of students obtained during the period of study at the magistracy. After it is approved by the council of the department. Tasks are selected in such a way as to activate:
- independent critical approach to solving problems;
- skills of analysis, synthesis and systematization of information;
- mastering the principles and technologies of scientific work;
- development of non-standard thinking;
- development of the student's creative abilities and the ability to apply them in science;
- development and improvement of the ability to prepare and conduct a scientific experiment;
- development of the ability to evaluate the results obtained during the experiment and formalize them.
All these skills and abilities are a powerful driving force scientific research.
Advice for those who have to go through scientific practice.
- If you want to change the place of scientific practice, you need to contact the supervisor with this question, he will tell you what needs to be done for this.
- Everyone remembers the film about Shurik and the legendary phrase “Announce the entire list, please,” so you should be guided by it too. Before completing the tasks, read their entire list, then sort the tasks into complex and not very difficult, this will help you properly allocate your time.
- Keep in mind that the result of this type of practice, like others, is a report. Data for him needs to be collected throughout the practice, and not on the last evening before the surrender.
- The practice leader should be regularly updated on the progress of your work and if problems or difficulties arise in the course of your work.
- Do not forget that your activity depends not only on the curators of the practice from the department or organization, but also on the supervisor, you can also contact him for advice.
Even if you are not going to go into science, do not miss the chance to take from practice what will be useful in further professional activities. Remember, it is up to you whether scientific practice will bring benefits or become a waste of time.
You can learn about the work of the youth scientific school "Space exploration: theory and practice" by watching the video:
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The internship program includes a section of the student's research work, developed jointly with the internship supervisor from the Department of Land Management. Scientific research student may include work in certain areas:
1. Organizational and research:
Exploring activities researcher(the work of theorists and experimenters of scientific research in the field of land management and cadastres, the development of methods and methods for performing land management and cadastral works, the application modern technologies, instruments and equipment for solving the problems of land management, cadastres and monitoring);
The need for an integrated approach to solving a number of problems, to understand the interdependence of the staff of the scientific team, as well as the importance and influence of the scientific environment on the fruitful activity of the scientist.
2. Research:
Study of methods for improving land management, cadastral and monitoring activities.
3. Experimental:
Carrying out work on the application of developments and proposals in the field of land management, cadastral and monitoring activities.
Study of the conditions for obtaining reliable results.
The purpose of the research work of the bachelor is the formation of professional competencies in the field of research activities:
ability to self-supplement, critical analysis and application of theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of land management for their own scientific research;
· possessing the skills of independent analysis of the main regularities of the functioning of the land management object with a statement of reasoned conclusions;
· possessing the skills of qualified analysis, commenting, summarizing and summarizing the results of scientific research conducted by other specialists, using modern methods and methodologies, advanced domestic and foreign experience;
· Possessing the skills to participate in the work of scientific teams conducting research on broad land management issues.
During the passage of pre-diploma industrial practice, the student must collect the necessary material for conducting research work. The purpose of the student's participation in the scientific research of the department is to acquire deeper knowledge in special disciplines, mastering modern design methods, substantiating design decisions and scientific research, acquiring the skills of independent research work.
An individual task for collecting materials for scientific research, the topics of scientific research of a student in industrial practice are established by:
- teachers of the department who manage scientific research in the student scientific society (SSS);
- leaders and executors of departmental topics of scientific research, attracting students to participate in these studies;
- teachers of the department - heads of practice.
The educational and research work of the student during the internship will allow him to make presentations at the meetings of the Student Scientific Society (SSS) circle and student conferences, take part in the preparation of competitive works, prepare an abstract and articles for publication in the scientific works of the university, and more thoroughly review the sources on the research topic, write the first chapter, and develop and justify design decisions in the WRC.
After the end of the production practice, the student writes a report. An internship report is a small independent study and analytical (practical) work, which is presented as a combination of the results of an independent study, theoretical and practical skills during the pre-diploma internship at the enterprise.
A correctly constructed report plan serves as an organizing beginning in the work on its writing by a student, helps to systematize the material, and ensures the consistency of its presentation. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to correctly present the material, correctly present the acquired and assimilated knowledge.
The experience of the internship management shows that the student, as a rule, does not pay enough attention to the issue of high-quality design of materials submitted for defense, which hinders the successful defense of internship.
The volume of the report should be 25-35 pages, including tables and figures, using diary entries.
The structure of the report should be as follows:
1. Introduction - 1-2 pages;
2. Chapter 1 Characteristics of the organization - places of practice - 3-4 pages;
3. Chapter 2 Works performed during the internship - 10-15 pages;
4. Chapter 3 Research work in practice - 5-7 pages;
5. Chapter 4 Composition and content of collected materials - 3-5 pages;
6. Conclusion - 1-2 pages;
7. List of sources used - 1 page;
8. Applications (if necessary, the volume is not limited).
Introduction
The introduction sets out the relevance, goals and objectives of the production practice, provides the content and scope of the report on production practice.
Relevance is a mandatory requirement for any scientific work. Coverage of relevance should be laconic. It is enough to show the main points of the relevance of the topic within one or two paragraphs of computer typing.
Goal and tasks- the goal always corresponds to the title of the work itself and its content. For industrial practice, the goal is to apply in production the theoretical knowledge gained at the university and conduct experimental work in accordance with the theme of the WRC.
Taking into account the goals of the practice (to develop professional competencies, to study the activities in the profession, to conduct research), it is necessary to determine the tasks that allow these goals to be achieved. Such tasks may be the study of the enterprise and the regulatory documents governing the functioning of this enterprise (this part is in any reports and is often indicated in the introduction) and the study of certain professional activities (functions, features, responsibilities). In addition, the tasks may be the performance of a certain professional activity (you can write down by points which tasks the student performs in professional practice) or writing a research paper.
Scope and content- the final part of the introduction, which indicates the entire list of sections. The volume of the report, the number of tables and figures, the sources used are given.
Chapter 1. Characteristics of the organization - places of practice
This chapter provides a brief description of the organization - a kind of report on the enterprise, on the basis of which the student had an internship. The characteristic, if possible, should include photographs of the enterprise itself, its staff and the student's workplace and have the following content:
· general information about the organization: name, address, place of registration;
the structure of the organization;
management of the organization;
form of organization of the enterprise;
· view economic activity organizations;
· Short story organizations;
The specialization of the organization
The most important firms-contractors and firms-competitors;
number of employees, incl. management personnel;
organization of land management works in the organization (production unit).
At the end of the section, the student must give the motivation for choosing this particular organization for the internship.
Chapter 2. Work performed during the internship
One of the main and largest sections of the report should contain a photo report on the internship and include the following information:
1. Position held, terms and duration of practice. Incentives and penalties received during the practice.
2. Types and volume of work performed (in physical and monetary terms), terms and quality of performance, development of standards for weeks and for the entire period of practice. This item should, in addition to the textual description, contain a summary table from which you can clearly understand the amount of work performed by the unit in which the student had an internship and his personal contribution to this work.
3. Brief description of the objects of work (location, total area, land composition by categories, owners, land users and lands, natural and economic conditions).
4. Characteristics of the territory of the object, the state of planning and cartographic, survey and land management material (year of surveying, scale of planned material, reference points).
5. Management of work by the university and production.
6. The degree of land management of the territory where the work was carried out.
7. Methods and procedure for performing work (justification of the applied methods for performing work, procedure, methods and results of performing work):
a) preparatory work (obtaining a task, selection, study, preparation of documents, drawing up the order of work);
b) field work (content, execution procedure, applied methods and used devices);
c) office work (content, order of execution, applied methods and software).
8. Organization of work at the facility (device with housing and a workplace, transport provision, working day schedule, work schedule).
9. Comments on the course of the practice. Proposals for improving the conditions and quality of work. Negative and positive aspects of the organization of practice.
Chapter III. Research work in practice
The report on research work must be issued in the form of an abstract and executed in accordance with GOST 7.32-2001.
The abstract must contain:
Information about the volume of the report, the number of illustrations, tables, applications, the number of parts of the report, the number of sources used;
List of keywords;
Abstract text.
The list of keywords should include from 5 to 15 words or phrases from the text of the report, which characterize its content to the greatest extent and provide the possibility of information retrieval. Keywords are given in the nominative case and are printed in lowercase letters in a line separated by commas.
The text of the abstract should reflect:
Object of research or development;
Goal of the work;
The method or methodology of the work;
Results of work;
Basic design, technological and technical and operational characteristics;
Application area;
The cost-effectiveness or value of the work;
Forecast assumptions about the development of the object of study.
If the report does not contain information on any of the listed structural parts of the abstract, then it is omitted in the text of the abstract, while the sequence of presentation is preserved.
Chapter IV. Composition and content of collected materials
This section sets out the characteristics of the object selected for graduation design, the content of the project for this object:
- name of the object, its location;
- a brief description of municipality, land management facility, existing organization of the territory and production;
- the main indicators of the development of the economy (object) for the future;
- a brief but comprehensive content and justification of the project: the purpose and reasons for land management; main production indicators for the project; specialization and size of production; land use changes; the content and justification of the project for all components and elements; measures for the protection of land and the environment natural environment;
- substantiation of the legal viability of the land management carried out, i.e. checking the compliance of the adopted design decisions with the current legislation, regional regulatory legal acts, determining the forms of ownership of land plots of the land management object.
At the end of the section, a complete and detailed list of all materials collected during the internship for the preparation of the WRC and the practice report is given (a detailed list of materials collected is given). The characteristics of their quality and completeness for the development of WRC are given.
Conclusion
The conclusion should be a logical conclusion to the report. The student must analyze whether the goal has been achieved and whether the tasks set in the introduction have been fulfilled. Give the main figures achieved during the practice. Make a conclusion about the general course of practice. Formulate the main positive and negative aspects of the practice. Give comments and recommendations for possible improvement of the internship.
The introduction and conclusion should be creative, namely the author's work. In many ways, the overall assessment that will be given to the student depends on clearly formulated tasks and conclusions drawn.
List of sources used
The list of sources used is drawn up in accordance with GOST R 7.0.5-2008. The list should include all regulations, literary sources, books, articles, as well as electronic sources used in writing the report and conducting research work. The list includes only those sources that have been referenced in the text.
Report design
The internship report is compiled at the place of internship on sheets of A-4 format. The form of the title page is given in Appendix 7.
The text of the explanatory note is made by computer typing. The font is Times New Roman. Size - 14. Spacing - one and a half. Paragraph indent - 1.25. Margins: left - 3 cm, right - 1.0 cm, bottom and top - 2 cm.
The text should use accepted land management (and other) terminology. All words, as a rule, must be written in full. Abbreviations may be allowed only generally accepted. Page numbering should be common for the entire text, starting with the title page and including all tables (on separate pages) and ending with the list of sources used. The page number is put down in Arabic numerals in the center at the bottom of the page (except for the title page).
Each chapter of the explanatory note begins on a new sheet, at the beginning of the chapter indicate its number and title. Chapters and paragraphs are numbered with Arabic numerals. Numbering of paragraphs within each chapter.
According to the available tables, conclusions should be drawn and references to them should be given. A large table is placed on a separate page behind the page on which it is first mentioned.
The tables are formatted as follows. In the upper left corner they write: “Table 1” (numbering is the same throughout the text). Further on the same line write the name of the table corresponding to its content. If the table is transferred to the next page, then above the table, instead of its name, they write “Continuation of the table” or “End of the table”. If the table and its name are placed along the sheet, then its name should be located where the sheet is filed (near the spine).
All project illustrations (drawings, maps, charts, graphs, diagrams, photographs, etc.) are considered drawings. The numbering is end-to-end, before the figure, a reference in the text is necessary. Figures are signed in the center of the page after the figure itself as follows: "Figure 1. Title".
In the process of their education, undergraduates take part in two practices: pedagogical and research.
Research master's practice is designed to help conduct scientific research, prepare and design a dissertation work. This practice should be preceded by a methodological scientific seminar, for the preparation of which the material of the first chapter of this manual will be very useful. This seminar should end with the formulation of the topic of scientific research (or at least the direction of scientific research) and the construction of its methodological scheme. This is the starting point of research practice. Without designating the research topic, without methodology, there is no point in starting a research practice.
Throughout the practice, the undergraduate should actively consult with his supervisor. These consultations should not be spontaneous (as is often the case) - they should be meaningfully ordered. Ordered in the sense that within a certain period of time a graduate of a master's program must present to his supervisor for verification the agreed material of his developments. Thus, if the classes at the methodological seminar are held in a group and are ordered in their conduct as thematic seminars, then the classes in research practice are individual in nature and it is proposed to organize them in the form of thematic consultations. This manual presents only an ordered list of possible consultations, without specifying the time boundaries between each previous and subsequent. This is hardly possible, since consultations are individual in nature. In addition, some undergraduates may need additional meetings to address issues identified in some consultations. Therefore, it is advisable that the supervisor himself determine the time limits between consultations, guided by the current situation with the preparation of the dissertation for the undergraduate.
Consultation N2 1. Clarification of the topic of the dissertation work and methodology for conducting scientific research
The first consultation is a kind of continuation of the last thematic seminar (semester methodological seminar). If, at the end of the seminar, the undergraduate formulated the topic of his research (even if in general terms, as it happens most often) and built his methodological scheme, the first consultation will be very brief. At it, the supervisor and the undergraduate should once again discuss the upcoming work for the period of preparing the dissertation, clarify and finally establish its main positions. But if after the methodological seminar the undergraduate did not have a clear idea about the topic of his dissertation, its content, possible elements of scientific novelty, then the first consultation should be long and serious. It is quite possible that one meeting will not be enough and during the first consultation the head will consider it necessary to conduct an additional consultation, and in order for the conversation to be substantive, he will give the undergraduate a specific assignment that he must fulfill. Thus, the main result of the first consultation should be the final formulation of the topic of the dissertation work and the methodological scheme of the study.
Consultation N2 2. Drawing up a plan for working on a dissertation
The next step in the research practice is to draw up a plan for conducting a scientific study and formalizing its results. An ordered list of proposed consultations, starting with the third, can help. However, such a beginning of the plan is possible only if the undergraduate has already formulated the topic of the dissertation work and built a methodological scheme for conducting research. If this is not the case, then, of course, one should start with the definition of the topic and methodology.
Consultation N2 3. Drawing up a bibliographic list. Literature work. Writing the first chapter of the dissertation
One of the first points of the plan should be the work of a master student with scientific literature. Section 2.2 describes in detail the procedures and methods of such work, the requirements for it, etc. The first thing a master student should do, if he has already formulated a topic, is to select scientific literature on the chosen topic. There are no special quantitative requirements for the literary sources of the research, but it is unlikely that a master's thesis will be considered good if the list of literature used in it contains less than 80 titles. Having prepared a bibliographic list of references, the undergraduate at the third consultation must submit it to his supervisor. The contents of this list, of course, will be a very interesting and useful subject of conversation between the manager and the applicant. Perhaps the manager will advise you to include something else in the list, and to remove something (for example, educational literature).
A master student should come to this consultation not only with a list of references, but also with specific proposals regarding its reflection in his work. Since scientific literature in dissertations is mainly involved in the first chapter, then at this third consultation it is necessary to present an unfinished version of this first chapter, its separate fragments. You should show the supervisor how the selected literature is used in the text of the dissertation, and, if necessary, let him read individual fragments of the first chapter. The most important thing in the implementation of this part of the dissertation work is the demonstration by the applicant of his knowledge about the subject of research and his ability to supplement this total knowledge with new knowledge produced by him personally and constituting elements of the scientific novelty of his research work.
Some undergraduates will compile the first version of the bibliographic list of their research during the methodological seminar. In this case, at the third consultation, they may present an updated or expanded list of scientific literature, as well as a more or less completed version of the first chapter of their dissertation.
Consultation No. 4. Working with empirical data. Writing the second chapter of the dissertation
A very important point in the master's work plan for the dissertation is the collection, processing and analysis of empirical data on the topic of the dissertation. When designing the methodology of scientific research, the object of observation is determined along with the subject. It can be a separate enterprise, an industry, a complex of industries (or enterprises), a market, etc. For this object, it is necessary to collect data in order to use the methods of scientific research included in the methodological scheme to provide the possibility of identifying new, yet undiscovered, truths. The methods included in the dissertation research methodology can (and should!) be used at the stage of collecting empirical data: observations, surveys, questionnaires, etc. We should not forget about processing methods: analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, abstraction and generalization, mathematical modeling, forecasting, etc.
Sections 1.10, 1.11 and 2.3 are devoted to the collection, processing and analysis of empirical data. Of course, when performing this part of the work, one should not be limited only to this material in this manual. After all, a lot is determined by the specifics of the topic, the subject and object of research, and other factors. So the fourth consultation is very important because the knowledge and experience of the leader can greatly complement the theoretical material received by the undergraduate.
It is obvious that the empirical material initially collected by the undergraduate has a very disordered form. Two contradictory principles often coexist in it: excessive redundancy of information with a clear insufficiency of what is needed to solve the problems outlined in the dissertation. Therefore, the first advice of the supervisor should concern precisely this circumstance, i.e. determination of what is probably not useful from the information brought by the undergraduate (it is elementary information noise), and what still needs to be collected (obtained) one way or another. The second group of advice may concern the interpretation of the data brought to the fourth consultation: how, how they can be presented, what derivative information can be obtained on their basis, and how it can be used in solving problems of scientific research. At this consultation, it is necessary to determine the direction of using the brought data to obtain elements of scientific novelty in the dissertation. This will allow the undergraduate and supervisor to outline the transition from the second chapter to the third.
Of course, at the fourth consultation, the undergraduate must show his supervisor and the first fragments of the second chapter of the dissertation. Perhaps this is better done with the presentation of the text of the first chapter - albeit still unfinished. The leader must make sure that there is meaningful continuity between the content of the first and second chapters, that these are two dissimilar fragments, that the chapters are logically related to each other and that the second chapter naturally follows from the first, that, and this is most important, there is no contradiction between them. All this is necessary, since a dissertation is a monolith of scientific ideas that have practical significance, and it must be integral and unified. And the requirement of monolithic dissertation should be ensured already when writing fragments of the first and second chapters.
Consultation N2 5. Generating ideas and suggestions. Writing the third chapter of the dissertation
In many dissertations, it is in generating proposals for improving certain aspects of the subject of research that the essence of scientific novelty lies. This is perfectly acceptable. However, that dissertation looks better in which elements of scientific novelty are already present in the first chapter. Obviously, immediately after studying the literature on the topic under study, new ideas are unlikely to appear. But after analyzing the empirical data, it is quite possible. And it is quite likely that they will touch on some substantive, perhaps theoretical, aspects of the topic. It is likely that the undergraduate, having analyzed the definitions of the subject of research in the first chapter, and then, having made an analysis of empirical data, will formulate his own definition, which will constitute an increase in knowledge in the area under study. This, of course, will be an element of the scientific novelty of the first chapter of the work. But such an idea, we emphasize once again, can be generated by a master's student only after a deep analysis of both literary sources and a large amount of empirical data.
Another group of elements of scientific novelty can be made up of proposals for improving the subject of research on the object under study, generated by the undergraduate on the basis of, again, a comparison of the theoretical provisions set forth in scientific literature and described by him (albeit fragmentarily) in the first chapter, with real practice. Such proposals, as a rule, have not only scientific novelty, but also practical significance, which makes them of particular value.
Thus, a master student should come to his fifth consultation already with ideas and proposals that can constitute the scientific novelty of his work. Perhaps, by this consultation, the ideas and proposals of the undergraduate will not yet have a finished look. Perhaps they will not yet look convincing, mature. But for that, and consultations, so that in conversations with a more experienced colleague, bring your ideas and proposals to the required level.
Each educational institution holds its own scientific and practical conferences. They always form a section for undergraduates. It will be very useful for an applicant for a master's degree to present his achievements publicly - through a speech at a scientific conference. Such a presentation, firstly, will allow him to gain the first experience of participating in discussions of communication with the scientific community. Secondly, to verify the results of their research on the audience. To find out, to feel how the scientific audience of the university in which he studies relates to his work, to the results he has received. If the attitude is positive, it will give him confidence. If it is critical, then it will allow him to correct the situation: to make some adjustments either to the research methodology or to the empirical material, and there is still time for this. In addition, a master student can receive an approbation of his report from the scientific community of the university, which he will submit for defense before the State attestation commission. In any case, it is difficult to overestimate the benefits of the participation of a master student in the work of conferences. Speaking at them is the essence of his “implicit” defense (see Fig. 2.2).
At the sixth consultation, the undergraduate presents the text of his speech at the conference to his supervisor. The leader can read it, or just listen to it. And the second preferable to the first, because after listening, the leader will have the opportunity to give some advice to the novice scientist on the manner of speaking, intonation expressiveness, etc., and not only on its content. Recommendations on how to prepare presentations for conferences are presented in paragraph 2.5.
Consultation N2 7. The content of the dissertation and the design of its text
For the seventh consultation, the undergraduate prepares the almost completed text of his dissertation work. For how it should look, see paragraphs 2.9-2.13.
By the time of the seventh consultation, the undergraduate should have everything ready: an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a correctly designed bibliographic list, and annexes (if any). Of course, the text may still be somewhat imperfect. The supervisor must read the dissertation and formulate his comments on it, which the undergraduate must take into account. Comments can relate to both the content aspects and the design of the work. This, in fact, is the meaning of the seventh consultation. Perhaps, if there are a lot of comments on the dissertation after the first reading by its supervisor, then there will be a need for an additional meeting on the program of this consultation.
Consultation N2 8. Preparation of documents for the defense of a master's thesis
As indicated in paragraph 2.14, the dissertation itself is presented for defense, as well as the review of the supervisor and the reviewer's review. These are the documents that need to be prepared by the undergraduate and his supervisor for protection. The leader, of course, prepares a review for his ward himself. As for the review, the undergraduate meets with the reviewer assigned to him, gives him a dissertation for review, then, after reading the work by the reviewer, meets with him again, talks, answers the reviewer's questions, if necessary, defends his point of view (see Fig. 2.2), listens to the comments of the reviewer on the work, etc. and receives a ready-made review from him. After that, he comes to his supervisor for the eighth consultation. It is a joint discussion of the review, preparing responses to the comments of the reviewer. Of course, it would be better if the undergraduate himself, without the help of his supervisor, prepares answers to the comments of the reviewer, and only discusses them with his supervisor at the consultation. However, the first option is by no means considered unacceptable.
Consultation No. 9. Preparation of a master's thesis for defense
This is the last consultation of the undergraduate with his supervisor. For it, he must prepare the final version of his defense report. In it, the applicant for a master's degree in a short (report should not exceed 10-12 minutes), but in a very capacious and expressive form, must present the results of his research.
At the ninth consultation, the undergraduate must submit to his supervisor both the dissertation, and the review, and the text of the report. This is like a "general review" on the eve of an outstanding event in the life of a master student - the defense of a dissertation. It is very useful at this review to arrange good workout undergraduate, the essence of which is to rehearse his report (speech with him before the head), demonstration of illustrative material. You should also train him in answering questions. At the same time, the leader tries to ask the questions that the SAC members may have regarding this dissertation. It is hardly possible to foresee all the questions, but in the course of such training, the dissertator gains confidence that he has prepared a completely acceptable work, knows its content well, and the questions of the SAC members will not confuse him.
Work on a dissertation, as has been emphasized more than once on the pages of this manual, is a creative process. And the work on it, its writing can hardly be formalized in the form of a specific instruction, following which, everyone can get a finished scientific product. Therefore, the proposed method of organization research the practice of undergraduates, within which a master's thesis should appear, can only be considered an approximate scheme, starting from which, each undergraduate and his supervisor can choose their own unique path in solving the problems outlined in the dissertation. In other words, when conducting research practice in each specific case, the proposed scheme can be somewhat adjusted. In particular, some consultations may change their order. For example, consultation #6 on testing the results of the study could be held earlier. This is determined by when, in what months of the year conferences are held at the university and how this correlates with the time of research practice. A slightly different system of consulting can also be applied, expressed in a decrease in the number of consultations, which may be due to business trips or illness of the applicant or his supervisor. The increase in the number of consultations is hardly justified. However, it is quite possible to increase the number of meetings within one consultation topic, but the number of consultation topics suggested in the consultation agenda given here is quite acceptable.
Thus, the proposed scheme for undergraduate research practice is by no means obligatory. She's just one of options organization of the undergraduate's work on the dissertation.
Research practice undergraduates (hereinafter referred to as practice) is an integral part of the main educational program of higher vocational education and a preparatory stage for the development and writing of a master's thesis. In this regard, the content of the report on the passage of research practice and the level of its protection should be taken into account as one of the main criteria when assessing the quality of the implementation of professional educational programs.
The goals of research practice are the formation of creative professional thinking skills by mastering scientific methods of cognition and research, ensuring the unity of educational (educational and educational), scientific and practical processes, as well as creating and developing conditions (legal, economic, organizational, resource, etc.) providing an opportunity for each student to exercise their right to creative development personality, participation in scientific research and scientific and technical creativity - full, equal and accessible to everyone in accordance with his needs, goals and abilities. As a result of practice, the student must master the technologies of scientific research, develop the ability to think outside the box, prepare and set up an experiment, draw up and evaluate the results of scientific research, define a problem, form a research plan, modify existing and develop new methods, based on the objectives of a particular study, and also present the results of the work done in the form of reports, abstracts, articles, designed in accordance with the existing requirements, with the involvement of modern editing and printing tools.
At the preparatory stage, the goals, place and procedure for the internship are determined, individual tasks are formed, a list and sequence of work are established for the implementation of an individual task (formation of a research plan). An individual task for research practice includes the formulation of the direction of research, the goals and objectives of the research, a general overview of the ways and methods for solving such problems that exist in the theory and practice of personnel management, recommendations on sources of information in accordance with a given aspect of research work.
The main (research) stage involves conducting bibliographic work with the involvement of modern information technologies, summarizing information in order to identify the problem and its clear formulation, choosing, justifying the research method, planning actions, collecting theoretical and factual materials for research, processing the results, their analysis , systematization and comprehension, taking into account the data available in the literature, preparation for publication of a scientific and practical article (a series of publications), designed in accordance with the existing requirements, using modern editing and printing tools, as well as formulating conclusions and recommendations.
On final stage the student prepares a report on research practice and defends it.
During the practice, the undergraduate, together with the supervisor, corrects the topic of the master's thesis, draws up a task (a detailed work plan with deadlines). For this purpose, the undergraduate:
Conducts information search on the topic of dissertation research;
Carries out the systematization and analysis of the collected information;
Identifies the area and object of consideration, plans possible problems and builds models for their solution;
Masters the elements of professional activity necessary to complete a master's thesis;
Considers the methods of scientific research in relation to the topic of the dissertation work;
Uses modern facilities computer technology and information technology in the processing of information for a master's thesis;
Carries out the construction of methodological schemes for dissertation research.
The following basic requirements are imposed on the report on the passage of research practice:
Independence and consistency in the implementation of research on a specific problem;
Reflection of knowledge of legislative acts, regulations, instructions, standards, etc.;
Application of various methods, including economic and mathematical methods, for writing a report on the passage of a research practice;
Competent and logical presentation of the results of the study.
At the same time, uniform requirements for work do not exclude, but require initiative and a creative approach to the development of each topic. The originality of the formulation and solution of specific questions in accordance with the characteristics of the study is one of the main criteria for evaluating the report on research practice.
The research practice of undergraduates is carried out in the second year in accordance with the schedule educational process. Its implementation is different for two groups of undergraduates: in specialized and non-core areas of the master's program.
Undergraduates of the first category do internships at their workplaces, undergraduates of the second category - at internship facilities with which the university has agreements. Undergraduates who do not work in the direction undergo internship during the four-month vacation provided to them in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
Educational and methodological management of research practice is carried out by the graduating department.
In November, undergraduates are required to submit applications for the choice of research objects to the graduating department. The graduating department prepares draft orders on the practice of undergraduates at the relevant objects of study until December 10.
The draft orders shall indicate: F.I.O. undergraduate, objects of research, which must be at least two (the choice of one object of research is allowed only if it is a financial and industrial group, a holding, a corporation, etc., i.e. those companies in which participation of several organizations is expected); scientific supervisors of practice from the university and organization.
The working time of a master student during internship in organizations is no more than 40 hours per week (Article 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
Since the enrollment of undergraduates during the period of practice as interns, they are subject to labor protection rules and internal regulations in force in the organization.
Before the internship, the undergraduate, together with the supervisor, clarifies the topic of the study and approves the research plan with the supervisor. Depending on the proposed topic of the dissertation research, the program of research practice includes separate questions from the following list: construction of methodological schemes in the dissertation research; use of private and general methods of scientific research; study and use of objective economic laws and patterns; application of mathematical modeling methods and models in economic research; study of the structure of the enterprise, the main functions of production, economic and management units; study and analysis of planning and management processes at the enterprise; study of the material, technical and personnel support of the enterprise; assessment of the nomenclature, assortment and quality of products; study of the mechanism of formation of efficiency and costs of pricing, as well as issues related to the sale of products; definition financial results enterprise activities; analysis of information support for enterprise management; development of options, evaluation and adoption of managerial decisions to improve the management of the enterprise and personnel; analysis of the organization of the implementation of management decisions and control over their implementation; analysis of management from the standpoint of the efficiency of the enterprise; assessment of the social efficiency of production and management activities.
At the final stage of the research practice, the undergraduate must summarize the material collected during the internship, determine its representativeness and reliability in order to complete the development of the topic of the dissertation research, draw up a report on the practice.
Scientific supervisor of the practice from the university:
Ensures the implementation of all organizational activities before the release of undergraduates for practice (instructs in the order of internship, etc.);
Establishes communication with practice leaders from organizations;
Develops the subject of individual tasks;
Responsible together with the head of practice from the organization for the observance of safety rules by undergraduates;
Controls the implementation by undergraduates of the internal labor regulations of the organization;
Monitors compliance with the terms of the practice and its content;
Provides methodological assistance to undergraduates in the implementation of their practice program;
Helps undergraduates in choosing methods and approaches of scientific research;
Evaluates the results of the undergraduates' implementation of the internship program, gives feedback on their work and submits to the head of the department a written report on the organization of the internship, along with recommendations for improving the practical training of undergraduates.
During the period of internship, the master student must collect the necessary information, determine problematic issues organizations on the topic of scientific research, choose methods and methodological approaches of research.
As the program progresses, the undergraduate collects material and draws up a report on the internship. Within ten days after the end of the internship, the undergraduate is obliged to submit a report to the department to his supervisor for verification. Together with the report, it is also necessary to submit a certificate confirming the place and time of the research practice, certified by the seal of the enterprise (organization).
After the end of the practice, its head from the university submits a report to the head of the program in the prescribed form. The results of the practice are discussed at a meeting of the department and the faculty council of the university.
Based on the results of the practice, the undergraduate draws up a report no later than two weeks before its defense. In writing a report on research practice, the level of theoretical preparation of the undergraduate, his ability to analyze and generalize information, the skills gained in solving actual practical problems in a particular area of \u200b\u200beconomics, planning and managing enterprises (organizations), mastering the methods and approaches of scientific knowledge and scientific research in the framework of writing a master's thesis, the skill of building methodological schemes in dissertation research. In the report on the passage of research practice, it is required to show knowledge of general and special methods of scientific research, expert assessments in conducting research, the technique of conducting sociological research, as well as knowledge of the current legislative, regulatory acts, methodological and instructive materials, basic literary sources.
The report is typewritten on A4 sheets, Times New Roman font, size 14, one and a half line spacing, left margin - 3 cm, right margin - 1 cm, top and bottom margins - 2 cm each. The report must have a standard title page.
Various kinds of text inserts and additions placed on separate pages or on the reverse side of the sheet are not allowed.
All footnotes and footnotes are printed on the same page to which they refer, but in a smaller size - 12th.
All pages are numbered starting from the title page (the page number is not put on the title page). The number indicating the serial number of the page is placed in the upper right corner without a dot.
WITH new page the following structural parts of the work begin: introduction, general characteristics object of study, conclusion, list of references, applications. The distance between the title of the chapter and the following text should be equal to one missing line. The same distance is maintained between the headings of chapters and paragraphs. The intervals between the bases of the heading lines are taken the same as in the text. Do not put a dot at the end of a heading located in the middle of a line. Underline headings and word wrapping in the heading are not allowed. The first letter of the heading is uppercase, the rest are lowercase. Only headings should be in bold.
For example:
Chapters, paragraphs, paragraphs and subparagraphs (except for the introduction, conclusion, list of references and appendices) are numbered in Arabic numerals (chapter - 1, paragraph - 2.1, paragraph - 2.1.1, subparagraph - 3.2.1.1), after which thematic headings are given . Words Chapter, Paragraph, Paragraph, Subparagraph are not written. Headings should reflect the content of the headings.
For example:
1. Theoretical aspects of system research
personnel management
1.1. The essence of personnel management
in a modern organization
1.2. Trends in the organization of personnel management
1.2.1. Problem-based approach to system development
personnel management in service organizations
1.2.2. Features of the application of the competency-based approach
to the modernization of the personnel management system in the service sector
All text, except for headings, must be the same. Bold, italics, or underlining is not allowed. Phrases starting with a new (red) line are printed with a paragraph indent equal to 1.25 cm.
Conventional abbreviations must be correctly formatted. After listing write etc.(and so on), and so on.(etc), and etc. (and others), etc.(and others); with references: see (see), cf. (compare); with the digital designation of centuries and years: c. (century), c. (century), year (year), years (years).
Illustrations are placed immediately after the reference to them in the text. It is desirable to place illustrations so that they can be viewed without turning the work. If a turn is unavoidable, then the illustrations are placed in a clockwise direction. All illustrations must have titles and numbers. For example: Fig. 1.; Rice. 2. etc. References to previously mentioned illustrations are abbreviated. Look, for example: (see Fig. 2).
Internship
The industrial practice program contains the formulation of the goals and objectives of the practice, arising from the goals of the BEP VPO for master's program aimed at consolidating and deepening the theoretical training of students, acquiring practical skills and competencies, as well as experience in independent professional activities. Thus, the purpose of the internship is the acquisition by students of such professional competencies as the skills of solving organizational, economic and managerial tasks for the formation, development and use of the organization's personnel; deepening theoretical knowledge and consolidating practical skills in developing documents for regulatory and methodological support of the organization's personnel management system, etc.
To achieve the goals set for internship, the place of internship is important. According to the practice program, practice bases can be industrial enterprises, research and design institutes, banks, insurance, trade and other companies, employment services and social protection population, personnel recruiting agencies, state and municipal authorities and administrations, higher educational establishments and other organizations (regardless of their organizational and legal form and form of ownership), which include personnel management services or divisions that perform personnel management functions.
The internship program includes: collection of information about the object of internship - the organization, including its brief description, indicators of production, economic, financial and commercial activities and their analysis, analysis of the personnel management system and its functions; personnel, methodological, informational and other support of the personnel management system; study and analysis of the main regulatory documents of the personnel management system: Regulations on personnel, Internal labor regulations, Regulations on the personnel management service and its other divisions, job descriptions, regulations on hiring personnel, on certification, incentives for personnel, etc. An important part of the practice is a more in-depth study and analysis of the performance of that function or process of personnel management that is associated with the chosen topic of graduation qualifying work. The practice ends with the preparation and defense of a practice report.
3.5. Teaching practice
Pedagogical practice is the most important component and an integral part of the educational process of master's students. This type of practice performs the functions of general professional preparation of students for teaching activities in high school. Pedagogical practice is based on the study of the courses "Organization of research and teaching activities in the field of personnel management", "Psychology", "Culture of speech and business communication".
Pedagogical practice reveals the level of scientific training of a master's student in all the most important areas of professional specialization and acts as a link between theoretical preparation for professional activity and the formation of practical experience in its implementation.
The program takes into account the requirements of the Federal Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education in the direction of a master's degree.
The purpose of pedagogical practice is the formation and development of the competencies of a teacher (teacher) of HPE and FVE, who owns modern educational technologies.
Pedagogical practice solves the following tasks:
Development of the ability to improve one's general cultural and professional level and independently master new methods of work;
Development of skills in the development of educational programs and teaching materials to ensure the learning process;
Participation in the organization of the educational process in the implementation of the content of educational programs of HPE and FVE, which form the professional competencies of personnel management specialists;
Practical development of methods, techniques, means of pedagogical activity in higher education, corporate universities, business schools, etc.
The general methodological guidance of the practice is carried out by the department of personnel management. Direct supervision is assigned to professors, associate professors and teachers of the department. The main regulatory and methodological documents regulating the work of a master's student in practice include an internship program and a diary of a master's student in practice.
The implementation of pedagogical work involves attending classes of teachers of the department in various academic disciplines, conducting observation and analysis of classes in agreement with the teacher academic discipline, independent conduct of fragments of classes in agreement with the supervisor and (or) teacher of the academic discipline, independent conduct of classes according to the plan of the academic discipline using multimedia and projection equipment, development of lecture notes and presentations on individual academic disciplines, formation of a methodological package for the chosen academic discipline, preparation of publications on the topic of the academic discipline, participation in the work of the department, the formation of a report on pedagogical practice.
Thus, the program of pedagogical practice contributes to the process of socialization of the student's personality, switching it to a completely the new kind activities - pedagogical, assimilation of social norms and values of the teaching profession, as well as the formation of a personal business culture of the future master.
