At the moment, for the timely diagnosis of pathologies in the organs of the urinary system, research methods of various types are used. However, among all the diversity, it is the x-ray of the kidneys that stands out, with which you can comprehensively study the external structure and structure of the paired organs. Since the procedure is associated with the direct influence of radiation on a living organism, it should be treated with extreme caution, adhering to important recommendations and rules of preliminary preparation.
How are kidney x-rays done?
X-ray examination has three types, each of which has a special characteristic. The specialist prescribes a specific method depending on the symptoms of kidney disease and the nature of the pathology.
CT scan
CT scans are performed using special machines that also scan using X-rays. At the time of the procedure, layer-by-layer sections are transferred to the computer, reflecting the diagnostic picture in more detailed detail. How is the tomography performed? A person, having left metal objects in a special room, sits comfortably on a couch, which is then pushed into the ring-shaped hole of the tomograph.
They control the operation of the apparatus from the adjacent room, monitoring the research process. When performing a CT scan, it is necessary to exclude any movements that affect the clarity of the images. When the specialist gives the signal, you need to hold your breath for a few seconds. The person will also be notified about the end of the procedure.
Tomography does not require special preparation; it is often used specifically to identify the stage of development of tumor formations in the kidney area. It has a fairly high price. During a session, a person receives a dose of radiation that is several times higher than the dose of radiation from one survey X-ray.
One type of computed tomography machine
Plain radiography of the kidneys
We are talking about an ordinary black and white photograph that reflects the general condition abdominal cavity: pelvic bones, kidneys, lower pairs of ribs and lumbar spine. The study takes only a few minutes. After the patient takes off his clothes, revealing himself to the waist, he will be asked to lie down on a special couch. Then a special film cassette is installed between the body and the table.
When the image is received, if necessary, the specialist records another image, but in a vertical position. No chemical injection is required. X-ray easily reveals dense stone elements of large caliber, located both in the kidneys and in the bladder. Before the procedure, it is recommended to cleanse the intestines of toxins.
Survey diagnostics often represent an additional manipulation in combination with ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging.
X-ray with contrast agent
This type of diagnosis is used to visualize the smallest renal structures, namely the tubules, pelvis and calyces. It is carried out in specialized medical centers for adults and children when special indications are identified. There are several subtypes of research.
| Variety | Features of the event |
| Angiography | Angiography involves the injection of contrast directly into the vessels responsible for the blood supply to the kidneys. In this case, only they are examined, and not the structural tissues of the urinary tract organs. X-rays of this kind are often used to study cancer formations, as well as to detect thrombosis and atherosclerosis. The procedure is performed under anesthesia. Only the doctor determines the type of anesthesia used - general or local |
| Intravenous or excretory urography | An iodine-containing contrast agent, such as urografin, is injected into the body through a vein. A few minutes later, after its penetration into hard-to-reach renal areas, one X-ray image (urogram) of several is taken. Typically, only 3-4 images are taken during the procedure, with clear time intervals between them. A session of excretory urography involves recording a series of images of the renal system, the work of which is carried out by circulating a contrast solution that illuminates all elements of the urinary tract. If a failure in urine output is detected in any area, an x-ray will detect this disorder and record it on one of the urograms |
| Infusion urography | Distinctive feature Infusion urography is a slower injection of contrast, thanks to which it is possible to visualize the renal calyces, pelvis and parenchymal tissue in detail. This type of study is also used in relation to children under 1 year of age. This is due to the fact that the nephrons of babies are not yet mature enough: when an iodine-containing solution is injected into the body in a stream, the images will not be of good quality |
| Direct pyelography | The most clear diagnosis, which can be carried out in 2 ways: 1. Antegrade. It involves injecting a solution directly into the kidney using an injection. The substance then passes through the urinary tract and, at the end of the session, is naturally excreted from the body along with urine. 2. Retrograde. The contrast is “let in” into the internal environment of the body through a special catheter installed in the urethra. The liquid, staining the urethra, bypasses the bladder with the ureters and enters the pores of the kidneys. In other words, the process is the opposite of the antegrade one. To avoid infection, the retrograde method is not used in the presence of blood in the urine, as well as inflammatory foci |
| Urostereoradiography | It is used quite rarely in medical practice. At the time of the session, the person is given several successive x-rays, each time placing the x-ray tube 4–7 cm to the left and right. The resulting exposure is then viewed by a specialist through a special device - stereobinoculars, which can detect tuberculosis, nephrolithiasis, tumor, etc. Since during the study urine is subject to constant movement, it is almost impossible to obtain identical images - this is the reason for the infrequent use of urostereoradiography |
| Percutaneous urography | If doctors are unable to perform any of the above procedures on a particular patient, an alternative comes to the rescue - percutaneous urography. This technique consists of washing the pelvis with Furacilin and then introducing contrast using a subcutaneous puncture (injection). As a rule, simplified diagnostics are resorted to after a person has discovered special contraindications: ureteral obstruction, hydronephrosis, etc. |
Diagnostics with contrast can last from 15 to 60 minutes, depending on the individual patient’s parameters. Under certain circumstances, a person will be asked to undergo the procedure in a standing position, but more often they will have to lie down on a horizontal surface. Before the study, you need to take care of choosing looser clothing. If one is not found in the wardrobe, doctors will most likely give you a special robe. X-rays that require the administration of an iodine-containing solution have a number of absolute contraindications.
- hyperthyroidism;
- allergy to the main component of contrast - iodine;
- pregnancy;
- renal failure;
- heart failure;
- lactation.
Fluoroscopy is a “live” examination of organs by shining them with ionizing rays without taking any further images. Referrals for this diagnosis are given quite rarely. For children, in turn, it is not prescribed at all.
Features of children's x-rays
Since radiation has an extremely negative effect on fragile children’s bodies, x-rays are prescribed only when absolutely necessary. If such a dangerous illness as urolithiasis is suspected, children are first sent for an ultrasound. However, the absence of any ultrasound results is already a reason to prescribe a referral for radiation diagnostics.
A few days before the examination, it is necessary to familiarize the child with the features of the procedure and the rules of behavior at the time of scanning.
Parents or other close relatives may be near small children at the time of the study, and they will be responsible for the patient’s immobility and psychological calm. Sometimes, in order to calm down, children are given general anesthesia before an x-ray.
And in order to exclude an allergic reaction to certain components of the contrast agent, all children are given special antihistamines. Doctors select medications in advance, based on individual characteristics patients.
What pathologies does diagnostics show?
Radiation therapy is a fairly informative type of research; when used, a specialist can see:
- nephroptosis or prolapse of one of the kidneys;
- polycystic and individual cysts;
- urolithiasis;
- shape and location of kidney stones;
- hydronephrosis;
- glomerulonephritis;
- benign and malignant tumors;
- ruptures in the area of the ureters, kidneys or Bladder;
- pyelonephritis;
- renal infarction;
- congenital or acquired structural anomalies;
- blockage of the ureters by a foreign formation or stone;
- kidney tuberculosis, etc.
Indications for use
The examination can and even should be carried out for patients who have such abnormalities as a suspicious odor of urine, chronic pain in the lumbar region, the presence of congenital malformations, detection of pathological indicators in a blood test, swelling of the legs or eyelids, the presence of mucous, purulent or purulent discharge in the urine. bloody type, discomfort during urination. This also includes damage to the bladder, trauma to the soft tissues that are located next to the kidneys.
A person of any age can have an x-ray if there are appropriate indications.
Preparing for the study
In order to obtain the most reliable data about the organs being studied, it is necessary to stabilize the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract by eliminating foods that cause flatulence and bloating from the usual diet. Such phenomena affect the clarity of pictures, so this measure is a necessity.
2–4 days before a kidney x-ray, you should avoid consuming special foods:
- tomatoes;
- goose;
- cabbage;
- lamb;
- pork;
- kombucha;
- dates;
- radish;
- raspberries;
- sorrel;
- sparkling water;
- kiwi;
- green onions;
- kvass;
- pears
Prohibited and restricted use:
- muffins;
- ice cream;
- alcoholic drinks, including beer;
- spinach;
- legumes;
- beans;
- grapes;
- apples;
- milk;
- gooseberries;
- peas;
- confectionery products;
- mushrooms;
- lentils.
If you have chronic constipation, you should also take laxatives for 2-3 days. The most effective remedies are considered to be magnesium sulfate powder, Lavacol, Guttalax, Senade, Dufalak, Slabilen, Fortrans, Purgen, Lactuvit, Normaze, Prelaxan and Senadexin. It is recommended to take the last meal at 18–19 hours on the eve of the diagnosis, and in the morning, immediately before the x-ray, it is necessary to take an enema.
When preparing, you need to drink at least 6–7 glasses of clean water per day
Possible consequences
If the patient has undergone a procedure with the introduction of contrast, after a certain time, he may experience unpleasant symptoms: dizziness, a sharp decrease in blood pressure, rash, difficulty breathing, nausea or vomiting, fever, general weakness. Such reactions are rare and usually disappear on their own after a few hours.
If they occur immediately after the end of the study, the doctor can provide first aid using necessary tools, which modern X-ray rooms are equipped with. Long-term manifestation side effects should be a cause for concern. The patient needs to make an appointment with a doctor as soon as possible and describe the symptoms in detail in a private conversation.
X-ray alternatives
The main alternative research methods include multislice computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. With their help, you can clarify the patient's diagnosis.
Only the attending doctor can prescribe this or that type of examination. Self-medication in the presence of signs indicating kidney disease is fraught with a direct threat to human health and life. Therefore, at the moment of suspicious pain, it is necessary to seek advice from a specialist as soon as possible.
X-rays refer to a special type of electromagnetic vibration that is created in the tube of an X-ray machine when electrons suddenly stop. X-ray is a procedure that many people are familiar with, but some want to know more about it. What is an X-ray? How are x-rays done?
X-ray properties
The following properties of X-rays have been used in medical practice:
- Huge penetrating power. X-rays successfully pass through various tissues of the human body.
- X-rays cause light reflection of individual chemical elements. This property underlies fluoroscopy.
- Photochemical exposure to ionizing rays makes it possible to create informative images from a diagnostic point of view.
- X-ray radiation has an ionizing effect.
During an x-ray scan, various organs, tissues and structures are targeted by x-rays. During a minor radioactive load, metabolism may be disrupted, and with prolonged exposure to radiation, acute or chronic radiation sickness may occur.
X-ray machine
X-ray machines are devices that are used not only in diagnostic and medicinal purposes in medicine, but also in various fields of industry (flaw detectors), as well as in other areas of human life.
X-ray machine design:
- emitter tubes (lamp) - one or more pieces;
- a power supply device that supplies the device with electricity and regulates radiation parameters;
- tripods that make it easier to control the device;
- X-ray to visible image converters.
X-ray machines are divided into several groups depending on how they are designed and where they are used:
- stationary – they are usually equipped in rooms in radiology departments and clinics;
- mobile – intended for use in surgery and traumatology departments, in intensive care wards and on an outpatient basis;
- portable, dental (used by dentists).
As X-rays pass through the human body, they are projected onto film. However, the angle of reflection of the waves may be different and this affects the image quality. The bones are best visible in the photographs - bright white. This is because calcium absorbs X-rays the most.
Types of diagnostics
In medical practice, X-rays have found application in the following diagnostic methods:
- Fluoroscopy is an examination method in which, in the past, the organs being examined were projected onto a screen coated with a fluorescent compound. In the process, it was possible to study the organ from different angles in dynamics. And thanks to modern digital processing, the finished video image is immediately obtained on the monitor or displayed on paper.
- Radiography is the main type of research. The patient is given a film with a fixed image of the examined organ or part of the body.
- X-ray and fluoroscopy with contrast. This type of diagnosis is indispensable when examining hollow organs and soft tissues.
- Fluorography is an examination with small-format X-ray images, which allow it to be used en masse during preventive examinations of the lungs.
- Computed tomography (CT) is a diagnostic method that allows you to study in detail human body through a combination of x-ray and digital processing. Computer reconstruction of layer-by-layer X-ray images takes place. Of all the methods of radiation diagnostics, this is the most informative.
X-rays are used not only for diagnosis, but also for therapy. Radiation therapy is widely used in the treatment of cancer patients.
In case of provision emergency care The patient initially undergoes a plain radiography
The following types of X-ray examination are distinguished:
- spine and peripheral parts of the skeleton;
- chest;
- abdominal cavity;
- a detailed image of all teeth with jaws, adjacent parts of the facial skeleton;
- patency check fallopian tubes using x-rays;
- X-ray examination of the breast with a low dose of radiation;
- X-ray contrast examination of the stomach and duodenum;
- diagnosis of the gallbladder and ducts using contrast;
- examination of the colon with retrograde injection of a radiocontrast agent into it.
Abdominal x-rays are divided into plain x-rays and procedures performed with contrast. Fluoroscopy has been widely used to determine pathologies in the lung. X-ray examination of the spine, joints and other parts of the skeleton is a very popular diagnostic method.
Neurologists, traumatologists and orthopedists cannot give their patients an accurate diagnosis without using this type of examination. X-ray shows spinal hernia, scoliosis, various microtraumas, disorders of the osseous-ligamentous apparatus (pathologies of a healthy foot), fractures (of the wrist joint) and much more.
Preparation
Most diagnostic procedures involving the use of X-rays do not require special training, but there are exceptions. If an examination of the stomach, intestines or lumbosacral spine is planned, then 2-3 days before the x-ray you need to follow a special diet that reduces flatulence and fermentation processes.
When examining the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to do cleansing enemas in the classical way using an Esmarch mug on the eve of diagnosis and directly on the day of the examination or to cleanse the intestines using pharmaceutical laxatives (oral medications or microenemas).
When examining the abdominal organs, you should not eat, drink, or smoke at least 3 hours before the procedure. Before going for a mammogram, you should visit a gynecologist. A chest x-ray should be performed early menstrual cycle after the end of menstruation. If a woman who is planning a breast examination has implants, then she must inform the radiologist about this.
Carrying out
Upon entering the X-ray room, he must remove items of clothing or jewelry that contain metal, and also leave them outside the room. mobile phone. Typically, the patient is asked to undress to the waist if the chest or peritoneum is being examined. If it is necessary to perform an x-ray of the extremities, the patient can remain in clothes. All parts of the body that are not subject to diagnosis must be covered with a protective lead apron.
Pictures can be taken in various positions. But most often the patient stands or lies down. If a series of images from different angles is needed, the radiologist gives commands to the patient to change body position. If an x-ray of the stomach is performed, the patient will need to take the Trendelenburg position.
This is a special pose in which the pelvic organs are slightly above the head. As a result of the manipulations, negatives are obtained, which show light areas of denser structures and dark areas indicating the presence of soft tissues. Deciphering and analysis of each area of the body is performed according to certain rules.
Children often have x-rays taken to check for hip dysplasia.
Frequency
The maximum permissible effective dose of radiation is 15 mSv per year. As a rule, only people who need regular X-ray monitoring (after severe injuries). If during the year the patient only undergoes fluorography, mammography and x-rays at the dentist, then he can be completely calm, since his radiation exposure will not exceed 1.5 mSv.
Acute radiation sickness can only occur if a person receives a single dose of 1000 mSv. But if this is not the liquidator on nuclear power plant, then to receive such a radiation dose, the patient must take 25 thousand fluorographs and a thousand x-rays of the spine in one day. And this is nonsense.
The same radiation doses that a person receives during standard examinations, even if they are increased in quantity, are not capable of having a noticeable negative effect on the body. Therefore, x-rays can be taken as often as medical indications require. However, this principle does not apply to pregnant women.
X-rays are contraindicated for them at any stage, especially in the first trimester, when the formation of all organs and systems in the fetus occurs. If circumstances force a woman to have an X-ray while carrying a child (serious injuries during an accident), then they try to use maximum protective measures for the abdomen and pelvic organs. During breastfeeding, women are allowed to have both x-rays and fluorography.
Moreover, according to many experts, she does not even need to express milk. Fluorography is not performed on young children. This procedure is permissible from the age of 15. As for x-ray diagnostics in pediatrics, they resort to it, but take into account that children have increased radiosensitivity to ionizing radiation (on average 2–3 times higher than adults), which creates a high risk for them of both somatic and genetic radiation effects.
Contraindications
Fluoroscopy and radiography of organs and structures human body has not only many indications, but also a number of contraindications:
- active tuberculosis;
- endocrine pathologies of the thyroid gland;
- general serious condition of the patient;
- carrying a child at any stage;
- for radiography using contrast – lactation period;
- serious disturbances in the functioning of the heart and kidneys;
- internal bleeding;
- individual intolerance to contrast agents.
Nowadays, X-rays can be taken in many medical centers. If radiographic or fluoroscopic examination is done on digital complexes, then the patient can count on a lower radiation dose. But even digital X-rays can be considered safe only if the permissible frequency of the procedure is not exceeded.
Fluorography has been included in the mandatory medical examination program for many years. The procedure is technically simple and is a low-cost preventive examination method. However, in last years More and more often, doctors are abandoning fluorography in favor of x-rays. Why? What are the features of radiographic examination? Let's consider the issue in detail.
What is the difference between chest x-ray and fluorography?
A chest x-ray is an informative and detailed examination. It allows you to diagnose:
The principle of obtaining an image using X-rays based on the difference in the absorption of radioactive particles by body tissues. Thus, calcium-rich skeletal bones block the maximum amount of X-rays. As a result, bone tissue appears the brightest in the resulting image. Fat, muscle, fluids and connective tissue absorb less X-ray radiation. Therefore, they appear in grayscale in the image. Air allows a maximum of X-rays to pass through it. Because of this, the cavities filled with it look the darkest.
But what is the difference between classical fluorography and x-ray ? It would seem that the diagnostic principle is the same and there should be no differences, but they exist and are due to differences in imaging technologies. First of all, every person going to the X-ray room should know that:
- During a fluorographic examination, the small size of the pathology is visible only as barely noticeable threads, so if the slightest suspicion arises, an x-ray is prescribed. Thus, today fluorography is more likely to be a preventive research method;
- X-rays allow you to obtain images with a resolution an order of magnitude higher, thanks to which they can be enlarged to enormous sizes;
- The radiation dose received from x-rays is several times less.
Traditional fluorography is considered an outdated method and is no longer used in many countries. While radiography is a more accurate diagnostic method, allowing not only to identify pathological processes on early stages, but also quickly monitor their changes. However, the price of x-rays is several times higher than classical fluorographic analysis.
Indications for X-rays and fluorography
Various symptoms may be the reason for an x-ray. The main ones are pain in the lungs, dry cough, hemoptysis, general weakness and causeless weight loss.
Note!
There are no categorical contraindications for undergoing an X-ray of the lungs. But when referring a pregnant woman for examination, the doctor must carefully weigh all the pros and cons.
Mandatory fluorography is provided for preventive purposes for patients:
- those who applied to a medical institution for the first time;
- those living with newborns and pregnant women;
- who are conscripts or entering military service under a contract;
- with detected HIV infection.
How often can an x-ray be done and is it harmful?
Increasing knowledge about the effect of X-ray radiation on the human body launched the process of developing government and international standards regulating the permissible amount of exposure.
Modern methods X-ray diagnostics involve the use of negligibly small doses of radiation that are absolutely safe for the human body. However, in order not to expose yourself to danger, you should not exceed the average annual exposure. Russian official medicine considers an acceptable dose of 1.4 mSv per year per person. For comparison: in the USA and France the average effective annual dose corresponds to 0.4 mSv, in Japan - 0.8 mSv, the UK adheres to the standard of 0.3 mSv. If you undergo radiography in the best clinics in the country using digital equipment, then you will not receive more than 0.03 mSv for 1 procedure. Outdated film X-ray machines give a single exposure of 0.3 mSv, which is the annual norm for the UK.
It is worth saying that modern digital equipment used for x-ray diagnostics emits a dose comparable to that acquired in the natural environment in 10 days. Such an X-ray system minimizes the risk of possible adverse effects of rays on the human body.
The question of how often it is permissible to perform an X-ray of the lungs is individual. The doctor decides it by assessing the patient’s general health condition and the level of achievement of average permissible dose irradiation.
If we talk about pregnant women and children, they are much less likely to be prescribed an X-ray examination. However, even these patients undergo it if necessary. The presence of modern equipment with reduced radiation exposure, compliance with safety regulations and competent maintenance of the X-ray diagnostic system are the key to an effective and harmless examination. Unlike x-rays, fluorography is legally prohibited for children under 15 years of age.
Description of the chest x-ray procedure
Carrying out an X-ray examination of the lungs does not require any preparation of the patient for the analysis. As well as departure from the usual way of life after its implementation.
A modern X-ray machine is a complex, high-tech equipment that allows you to notice changes measuring less than 1 mm. You can contact any medical institution with the results of the examination, provided in a few minutes. The resulting image format meets Russian and international standards.
The examination procedure using an X-ray machine takes only a few minutes. Thanks to the introduction of innovative technologies, the process has become instantaneous, information is immediately displayed on the screen.
To perform an X-ray analysis, you should undress to the waist and remove all metal jewelry. The presence of pins or buttons on clothing can degrade the quality of the photo. Modern equipment allows you to shoot in underwear, the main thing is that it does not contain synthetics or metal. The procedure can be performed in a standing, lying or sitting position. While the X-rays are being taken, the patient is asked to hold their breath. If a child is being examined, the specialist himself chooses the optimal time for the procedure.
It is also worth noting that currently there are two approaches to performing the study - survey and targeted radiography. A survey X-ray examination of the lungs means taking pictures in two projections: frontal and lateral. The targeting technique consists of focusing the device on a specific area.
Analysis of X-ray images of the lungs
The results of the X-ray examination are presented in one of three options:
- on paper (allowed if no pathologies are found);
- on a special film (printed on a special high-resolution printer);
- directly to digital form(occurs only in the case of radiography), and not only in a standard graphic format, but also in DICOM or RAW formats, with a specialized viewer program placed on the disk.
The fundamental difference between “medical” files and “classic” ones is: special graphic formats allow storing incomparably more information in the file, which becomes visible to the human eye after applying filters and limiters provided by viewer programs.
By studying the image created by diverging beams of X-rays, radiology specialists analyze areas of clearing and darkening. When starting a protocol for describing a chest X-ray, the radiologist, first of all, indicates in which projection the image was taken.
Then the absence of focal and infiltrative shadows is mentioned. The presence of focal darkening indicates damage to the lungs by a tumor, tuberculosis or occupational disease (asbestosis, talcosis, silicosis). Infiltrative shadows, if present, signal pneumonia, edema, or helminthic infestation.
If there are no disturbances in blood supply and circulation in the small and large circles, there are no cavitary and cystic formations, no congestion is observed, the description protocol contains the phrase that the pulmonary pattern is not deformed and has a clear shape.
The phrase about the structure of the roots of the lungs and the absence of their expansion indicates the absence of additional shadows that could affect the “course” pulmonary artery and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. The changes noted here may indicate sarcoidosis, enlarged lymph nodes, pulmonary congestion, and mediastinal tumors.
The presence of a mediastinal shadow without features will indicate that the specialist did not detect additional education visible from behind the sternum. The absence of a mention of “plus shadows” in a photograph taken in direct projection cannot guarantee the absence of tumors. If the formation is small and does not have a bone structure, then it can be hidden by both the sternum and the heart. Sometimes even a side shot is not able to clarify the situation.
The analysis of an X-ray image of the lungs of a healthy person ends with a message about the unchanged diagram, the free state of the costophrenic sinuses and the absence of visible pathologies.
Image quality and diagnostic accuracy
The main reason for incorrect interpretation of a lung image is dynamic blur. In other words, the pulsation of large vessels and breathing affect the clarity of the visible contours of formations. The correct shutter speed, powerful modern equipment, and correct consideration of the distance between the object and the focus can prevent this distortion. To obtain an accurate picture, an X-ray of the lungs is performed in 2 projections. If the patient has a preliminary diagnosis that requires clarification, a targeted photograph is taken. This slightly increases the radiation dose, but the infallibility of the result is worth it.
The radiologist should also remember that synthetic fibers, metal objects and a thick tuft of hair (in women with long hair) can distort or reduce the transparency of the apices of the lung fields.
The main pathologies detected using chest radiography:
- large focal darkening signals pneumonia or bronchial tumor;
- small focal darkening is a sign of focal forms of pneumonia or tuberculosis;
- a large round shadow in the lungs indicates a tumor in the lung or a growing tuberculosis process;
- a cavity in the lung is a clear sign of decomposition of lung tissue, characteristic of an abscess, the disintegration of a tumor or a focus of tuberculosis;
- fluid in the pleural cavity is a sign of pleurisy or neoplasm;
- flattening of the diaphragm indicates the presence of emphysema;
- frequent small foci indicate tuberculosis or sarcoside.
It is also possible to find a large number of minor pathologies of the lungs and lung tissues, which, with a comprehensive analysis, can clarify the patient’s diagnosis. The picture will become complete after assessing the volume of the lungs, the location of their roots, the degree of airiness of the bronchi and other physiological indicators. As you can see, digital radiography allows you to quickly and accurately conduct complex studies and make an accurate diagnosis in a few minutes.
Monday, 04/23/2018
Editorial opinion
Medical technologies do not stand still, and undergoing digital x-rays is gradually becoming commonplace for Russian citizens. When choosing a clinic, it is worth assessing not so much the quality of the equipment (it is difficult for an ordinary person to distinguish between the latest and penultimate generation X-ray machines), but rather the professionalism of the diagnosticians and the organization of the study. You must be recorded, the procedure must be carried out on time, and the results must be provided, which are accompanied by a comprehensive description not only in printed form, but also in digital form.
