Ask permission or permission. When can you not ask permission? Scientific and cultural purposes

Hello, Please tell me if the following wording is acceptable: “I understand, acknowledge and agree with the following.” The question is (not) the obligation to coordinate the addendum with homogeneous predicates requiring different controls. I would be grateful for a prompt response, as the situation requires urgent resolution. Thank you.

This usage is incorrect, the sentence should be restructured, for example: I understand, acknowledge and agree to the following.

Russian help desk response

Need a comma before And.

Good day. Today I came across a phrase in the newspaper: “According to legend, the solution was personally invented by Ivan Ivanov.” Is the use of the phrase “come up with a way out” speech error?

Russian help desk response

It's not an error, but it's better: found a way out. Come up with a way out- perhaps in the meaning of “come up with a way to resolve a difficult situation.”

Is a dash necessary and is the construction of the phrase itself correct? Is it possible to use “I ask” and “at the request” in the same sentence? I ask for your permission to videotape the interview at the hotel, at the request of the Head of the Academy (-) Alexey Zhdanov.

Russian help desk response

In this case, it is not clear whose request exactly we are talking about.

How to form an adjective from a noun ending in “-eni” (for example, “resolution”, “selection”, etc.)? For example, I want to form an adjective from the phrase "low resolution" (images on a computer). How can I do it? "Low resolution"? "Low-resolution"?

Russian help desk response

It is impossible to form such an adjective. It is customary to say: low resolution image or low resolution image.

Hello! Can you please tell me if the punctuation marks are placed correctly? The Department has reviewed the documents submitted for the issuance of a building permit, and, guided by paragraph 4 of the Regulation, reports a refusal to issue ... (meaning that the department refuses in accordance with paragraph 4 of the Regulation)

Russian help desk response

Punctuation marks are placed correctly.

Good afternoon Tell me, is there a need for a comma before the word “direct”? In accordance with the “Regulations for the formation, coordination and approval of Comprehensive schedules of diagnostic and repair work at the facilities of Murzilka LLC and obtaining permission to carry out work at gas transportation and underground storage facilities” -------- we send you for your consideration and approval of the draft Comprehensive Schedule of Diagnostic and Repair Work for 2018, formed in Information system assessment of the technical condition of technological facilities of LLC "Murzilka" (ISTS "Info").

Russian help desk response

You can add a comma, but it is not necessary. Both punctuation options will be correct.

Good afternoon I am writing to you for the second time, the issue requires an early resolution, please help. The Day of the Republic of Chuvashia is approaching, and a lot of different materials appear in the press in connection with this. How to properly format the name of the holiday, if the truncated form "R (R) Republic Day" is used, - write the word "republic" with an uppercase or lowercase letter? Sincerely, Elena

Russian help desk response

I'm sorry to be late with the reply. Correct spelling Republic Day, because the second word in this case replaces the full official name Chuvash Republic.

To resolve the dispute with the manager, I ask for a link to the rule, according to which it is written: Cultural and educational activities, including the organization of excursions on the territory of the Moscow State Museum of Natural Resources, are not included in the above list.

Russian help desk response

D. E. Rosenthal recommended in such constructions to coordinate the predicate with the subject, and not with the clarifying (explaining) members of the sentence: Cultural and educational activities, including the organization of excursions on the territory of MGOMZ, are not included in the above list (see, for example: Rosenthal D. E., Dzhandzhakova E. V., Kabanova N. P. Handbook of the Russian language: spelling, pronunciation, literary editing. 7th ed. M., 2010. §185, p . 4) .

Yu. A. Belchikov (see his reference book“Practical stylistics of the modern Russian language” (Moscow, 2012))somewhat softens the recommendations, allowing coordination with clarifying (explanatory) components. However, this assumption does not apply to the official style in which the sentence cited in the question is written.

Good afternoon Please tell me how to write correctly: ask permission/permission. Based on what rule? Thanks in advance, Olga.

Russian help desk response

In such combinations with abstract nouns, the genitive case is used. Right: ask permission. Wed. variant with a specific noun: ask for a cup.

Employees of Soyuz LLC, as part of their official assignment, compiled a directory “Medical institutions of the city.” This reference book was published in large quantities and distributed throughout the mountains. Novosibirsk. Some time later, representatives of Soyuz LLC discovered in the places where their directory was distributed, another directory published by Moment LLC. The content of the new directory was identical to the content of the directory “Medical Institutions of the City”. Soyuz LLC filed a lawsuit to oblige Moment LLC to stop violating the exclusive right to the work – the Directory “City Medical Institutions”, and to withdraw all distributed copies of the directory “City Medicine” from civil circulation. Moment LLC did not agree with the claim, motivating its objections by the fact that the plaintiff’s directory is not the result of creative activity and, accordingly, cannot be recognized as an object of intellectual property; both directories contain publicly available information about the names of medical institutions, types of services provided medical care, telephone numbers and addresses. What legally significant circumstances must be established for the correct resolution of the case? Resolve the dispute on its merits.

Russian help desk response

The Russian Language Help Service does not provide legal advice. You have come to the wrong address.

Good afternoon, this is not the first time I have asked a question, but, unfortunately, I have not received an answer. The answer is very necessary for correctly writing a letter and resolving a controversial situation with colleagues. Please answer in which case and why the word “re-registration” should be indicated in the following sentence: “Re-registration of contracts using the new name of the organization is not required.” Thank you.

Russian help desk response

If the object of a transitive verb with negation is expressed by an abstract noun, it is usually used in the form genitive case: Renewal of contracts using the new name of the organization is not required.

how to correctly write ""with whose permission?""

Russian help desk response

Right: with whose permission?

Hello. Rate the fragment course work, giving detailed answers to the following questions: - are there any deviations from the chosen topic; - are all the necessary components of the logical scheme of a scientific work contained in the fragment (goal, objectives, etc.); - is the presentation logical, are there any violations of the paragraph division of the text; - are the selected ones stylistically correct? language means; - whether the norms of the literary language are observed (spelling, grammatical, lexical); - whether there are any violations of the etiquette requirements for scientific speech. Main problems and trends in the formation and distribution of income of students Introduction Human resource is the most important in the economic system; accordingly, the economic system must provide a decent standard of living for a person. Naturally, one of the indicators of the quality of life is income. And if the incomes of pensioners and older age groups of the population are the subject of everyday, economic and ideologically politicized disputes, in which parties are created to defend the interests, then the problem of the incomes of an equally important group - student youth - has not yet received sufficient attention. Of course, there are many possible sources of income for young and energetic students. However, such incomes often turn out to be quite low, and their value is often insufficient to meet even the most necessary conditions for people’s existence. It is low incomes that are the reason for the increase in crime among young people and the reduction in the number of young families with children. Thus, the incomes of young people and the sources of their formation deserve close attention, and all the problems associated with them require prompt resolution. That is why this topic is relevant at any time, in any country, under any economic system, and especially in a transition economy Russian Federation. I would like to set the following tasks: 1. Consideration of the main problems and trends in the formation and distribution of income of students in the Russian Federation. 2. Study similar problems and trends of students of the Murmansk State Technical University (MSTU), compare them with all-Russian ones. 3. Summarize and develop appropriate recommendations. In this work, I used statistical and factor analysis methods and questionnaires. One can hypothetically make an assumption: Students’ income will be in the range from 1000 to 3000 rubles. This income comes from the following sources, such as: -parental help; -scholarship; - temporary income. This income is spent mainly on entertainment. However, in the future, students want to earn approximately 700 ru. Receiving this income is associated with work in the field of business and entrepreneurship.

Russian help desk response

We don't do homework.

Good afternoon. The question is: can passive and active participles act as homogeneous members offers? For example, "an organization chosen by shareholders and having the appropriate permissions."

Russian help desk response

The basic principle of using works protected by copyright is that it should only be done with the permission of the owner of the exclusive rights. This principle is enshrined in Article 1229 of the Civil Code, common to all “intellectual property”.

However, in the field of copyright there are a number of situations when the permission of the copyright holder may still not be asked. Today we will talk about just such situations, which are called “free use”. Unlike “collective management”, which we discussed in one of the previous columns, “free use” is not accompanied by any payments.

Personal needs

The first large type of “free use” is use for personal purposes, the right to which is enshrined in Article 1273 of the Civil Code:

Article 1273. Free reproduction of a work for personal purposes

1) reproduction of works of architecture in the form of buildings and similar structures;
2) reproduction of databases or significant parts thereof;
3) reproduction of computer programs, except for the cases provided for in Article 1280 of this Code;
4) reproduction (clause 2 of Article 1275 ()) of books (in full) and musical texts;
5) video recording of an audiovisual work during its public performance in a place open to the public, or in a place where a significant number of people outside the usual family circle are present;
6) playing an audiovisual work using professional equipment not intended for home use.

Let me remind you that by “reproduction” the law () does not mean listening or viewing a work, but creating a copy of it. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that “by default” it is permitted to copy almost all types of works for personal use, with the exception of computer programs and databases. According to the authors of the old law "On Copyright...", permission to copy them would lead to unjustified damage for copyright holders: it can be done too easily.

Time passed, and with the spread of digital technology and the Internet, it became just as easy to copy all other “intellectual property,” but the old restrictions migrated from the law to the Civil Code. However, at the same time, Article 1245 of the Civil Code provides for a mechanism for compensating lost profits by copyright holders:

Article 1245. Remuneration for the free reproduction of phonograms and audiovisual works for personal purposes

1. Authors, performers, producers of phonograms and audiovisual works have the right to remuneration for the free reproduction of phonograms and audiovisual works exclusively for personal purposes. Such remuneration is of a compensatory nature and is paid to copyright holders from funds that are payable by manufacturers and importers of equipment and material media used for such reproduction.

In fact, we all pay for personal reproduction (or, as it is also called, “home copying”) when we buy a “blank” or other recording medium: royalties to copyright holders are already included in the price of this medium.

As for other restrictions established in Article 1273 (), we can dwell in more detail on the “reproduction” of books and music, which most often means photocopying or scanning followed by printing. If books are prohibited from being reproduced in full, then sheet music texts are prohibited from being reproduced in any volume. This is also a “relic”, preserved in legislation “from old times”; one of its tasks is to protect the interests of sheet music publishers, who, in fact, were the first “fighters against piracy”.

It is also important to remember that the definition of “reproduction” from Article 1275 of the Civil Code includes only the production of a “paper copy”, electronic documents it does not include:

Reproduction (reprographic reproduction) means facsimile reproduction of a work using any technical means, carried out not for the purpose of publication. Reproduction does not include reproducing a work or storing copies of it in electronic (including digital), optical or other machine-readable form, except in cases of creating temporary copies using technical means intended for reproduction.

That is, even if you scan the entire book for yourself, you will not violate copyright until you print it out, also in its entirety. Even a printout of recognized text is not a reproduction, since the reproduction must be “facsimile,” that is, photographically replicating the original work.

One of the innovations in the provisions of the law on “home copying” is paragraphs. 5 paragraph 1 of Article 1273, which prohibits video recording of an “audiovisual work during its public performance” for personal purposes. We are talking here about the production of so-called “screen copies” of films, or “screens”. Most often they are intended for “piracy” distribution, however, the law prohibits making them for yourself.

Scientific and cultural purposes

The next one is entitled “Free use of the work for informational, scientific, educational or cultural purposes.” It describes situations where works can be used not only for oneself, but also when creating other works, compilations, and in other ways.

At the beginning of the list of permissions we are talking about quoting:

1) citation in the original and in translation for scientific, polemical, critical or informational purposes of lawfully published works to the extent justified by the purpose of citation, including the reproduction of excerpts from newspaper and magazine articles in the form of press reviews;

It would seem that everything should be clear, but, nevertheless, several common misconceptions are associated with quoting.

The first is regarding its volume: there is an opinion that one can quote “only up to thirty percent of a work” (“only N percent”, “up to one third”, etc.). This is incorrect: the law speaks of “the volume justified by the purpose,” for small works this can be the entire text, the law does not completely prohibit quotation. The opinion about a strictly established volume of citations originates from foreign law enforcement practice, as well as the Civil Code of 1964, in which this volume was limited to one author's page. There are no such restrictions in current legislation.

The second is the opinion that quotation is the inclusion of an excerpt from someone else’s work into one’s own, and the quoted passage should not occupy a significant part of the entire text. The law does not require this either; on the contrary: “press reviews” are allowed, which may consist of excerpts from other materials, mostly or even entirely.

And finally, it is widely believed that only texts can be quoted. This is also not true: the law does not establish any restrictions on the type of work cited, that is, it can be an image or a video fragment. Quoting exclusively textual information is another archaism that arose in the “pre-computer” period, when it was simply impossible to quote anything else.

The next basis for “free use” is the so-called “educational purposes”:

“2) the use of lawfully published works and excerpts from them as illustrations in publications, radio and television broadcasts, sound and video recordings of an educational nature to the extent justified by the stated purpose;”

This passage deals with textbooks and other educational materials. It should be noted that collections of excerpts from various works (readers) do not fall under this permission: the concept of “illustration” assumes that this is an excerpt from a work that serves as an example to support any provisions. The illustration must be included in another work, so the law does not allow compiling a collection of “illustrations.”

The following two subparagraphs of the article are related to the work of the media:

3) reproduction in the press, broadcast or cable communication of articles lawfully published in newspapers or magazines on current economic, political, social and religious issues or broadcast works of the same nature in cases where such reproduction or communication was not specifically prohibited by the author or other copyright holder;
4) reproduction in the press, broadcast or cable broadcast of publicly delivered political speeches, addresses, reports and other similar works to the extent justified by the information purpose. At the same time, the authors of such works retain the right to publish them in collections;

Subparagraphs 3 and 4 allow the media to reprint other people's articles and speeches related to politics. True, the publication in which such articles are published may prohibit their reprinting or require prior permission. As for political materials, they can be used in much the same way as quotes: to the extent “justified by the stated purpose.”

The fifth subparagraph is formulated rather poorly, so you will have to decipher what it means:

5) reproduction or communication to the public in reviews of current events by means of photography, cinematography, by broadcasting or by cable of works that become seen or heard during such events, to the extent justified by the informational purpose;

It allows you to include in photographic or video materials images of those works that were captured during photography or video filming. There is no need to obtain the consent of the copyright holder or pay him. True, this applies only to "reviews of current events", for showing, for example, in a film, you will have to ask permission (or agree on "product placement").

The sixth subparagraph allows the reprinting of works in the so-called "Braille", intended for reading by the blind. No profit should be made in this case.

The second paragraph of the article allows libraries to provide copies of a work for temporary use, and this should be done free of charge. Libraries are also prohibited from lending out copies of works in digital form: readers can work with them only on the premises of the library and only if there is no way to copy them.

The third paragraph of the article is an innovation that was not previously in the legislation. It allows, without the consent of the copyright holder, to use works to create parodies or caricatures, and this applies not only to processing, but also to the use of the work itself.

The next article 1275 talks about the reproduction of a work, the definition of which we have already discussed:

1. It is allowed to reproduce (subparagraph 4 of paragraph 1 of Article 1273) in a single copy without making a profit without the consent of the author or other copyright holder and without payment of remuneration, but with the obligatory indication of the name of the author whose work is used and the source of borrowing:

1) a legally published work - by libraries and archives for the restoration, replacement of lost or damaged copies of the work and for providing copies of the work to other libraries that have lost them for any reason from their collections;

2) individual articles and small-volume works lawfully published in collections, newspapers and other periodicals, short excerpts from lawfully published written works (with or without illustrations) - by libraries and archives at the request of citizens for use for educational or scientific purposes, as well as educational institutions for classroom training.

Unfortunately, many libraries interpret this prohibition broadly and prohibit readers from making copies of books in the reading rooms with cameras they bring with them. A variety of justifications are come up for this, up to the point that “the flash will disturb those around you.” True, if the illumination is sufficient for reading, then in most cases you can take pictures without a flash, but for some reason the prohibitors do not take this into account. References are also often made to “the fourth part of the Civil Code, which prohibited copying,” and, of course, the interpretation of this fourth part has little in common with reality.

The main purpose of such prohibitions is to force the reader to use the library copier, which, of course, is not free. From the point of view of the law “On the Protection of Consumer Rights,” such actions are a typical “imposed service.” The visitor may well make a copy for himself, as mentioned above, such a right is granted to him by Article 1273 of the Civil Code.

It is called “Free use of a work permanently located in a place open to the public”:

It is permitted, without the consent of the author or other copyright holder and without payment of remuneration, to reproduce, broadcast or broadcast a photographic work, a work of architecture or a work of fine art that is permanently located in a place open to the public, except for cases where the image of the work in this way is the main object of this reproduction, broadcast or cable communication, or when the image of the work is used for commercial purposes.

It is very similar to subparagraph 5 of the first paragraph of Article 1273, which allows the display of works accidentally included in the frame in photographs and videos. Only in this article we are talking about works of architecture or fine art, that is, we are talking about buildings that are accessible to anyone, and paintings, as well as other works of art that are located in places with free access. Likewise, the image of the work should not dominate the frame, but may be shown “in the background.” Similar norms of foreign legislation are called “freedom of panorama”.

Allows the free performance of musical works during various ceremonies. Official and religious ceremonies, as well as funerals, are exempt from fees. As a rule, discrepancies arise when determining which ceremony can be classified as “official”: the law does not contain an exhaustive list of them. As a rule, these include ceremonies organized by organs state power and related to any public holidays. The wedding ceremony can also be classified as “official”.

Article 1278 contains an exemption from payments for the creation of copies of works in proceedings in cases of administrative offenses, as well as during preliminary investigation, inquiry and legal proceedings. At the same time, the usual limitation in such cases on the scope of use is established: it must be “justified by this purpose.”

Allows broadcasting organizations to record those works for which they have the right to transmit. This record is temporary and must be destroyed within six months from the date of production.

Programs and databases

And finally last article, describing “free use” – 1280. It talks about computer programs and databases:

1. A person who lawfully owns a copy of a computer program or a copy of a database (user) has the right, without the permission of the author or other copyright holder and without paying additional remuneration:

1) make changes to a computer program or database solely for the purpose of their functioning on technical means user and perform the actions necessary for the functioning of such a program or database in accordance with their purpose, including recording and storing in the memory of a computer (one computer or one network user), as well as correcting obvious errors, unless otherwise provided by an agreement with copyright holder;

In this paragraph, we are talking about the so-called "adaptation" of a computer program, which is allowed to be made for its correct operation. An agreement with the copyright holder can prohibit the correction of errors, however, all other actions can be performed without hindrance, since they are actually related to the use of the program for its intended purpose.

In addition, the owner of the copy has the right to make a so-called "archive copy":

2) make a copy of the computer program or database, provided that this copy is intended only for archival purposes or to replace a legally acquired copy in cases where such a copy is lost, destroyed or becomes unusable. At the same time, a copy of a computer program or database cannot be used for purposes other than those specified in subparagraph 1 of this paragraph, and must be destroyed if possession of a copy of such a program or database ceases to be lawful.

As we can see, the archive copy serves as a replacement for the original purchased copy of the program, it must be used for the same purposes as the original, and if the user has lost the right to use the program, this copy must be destroyed. Of course, if the program is transferred to another user, you can transfer an archived copy along with it.

Another group of powers of the owner of the program is the right to study its work, as well as decompile if necessary:

2. A person who lawfully owns a copy of a computer program has the right, without the consent of the right holder and without paying additional remuneration, to study, investigate or test the functioning of such a program in order to determine the ideas and principles underlying any element of the computer program, by carrying out the actions provided for in subparagraph 1 paragraph 1 of this article.

3. A person who lawfully owns a copy of a computer program has the right, without the consent of the copyright holder and without paying additional remuneration, to reproduce and convert the object code into source text (decompile the computer program) or instruct other persons to carry out these actions if they are necessary to achieve interoperability a computer program independently developed by this person with other programs that can interact with the decompiled program, subject to the following conditions:

1) the information necessary to achieve the ability to interact was not previously available to this person from other sources;

2) these actions are carried out in relation to only those parts of the decompiled computer program that are necessary to achieve interoperability;

3) information obtained as a result of decompiling can only be used to achieve the ability to interact with an independently developed computer program with other programs, and cannot be transferred to other persons, except in cases where this is necessary to achieve the ability to interact with an independently developed computer program with other programs, and also cannot be used to develop a computer program that is substantially similar in appearance to the decompiled computer program, or to carry out other actions that violate the exclusive right to a computer program.

The right to study the functioning of a program is an innovation of the Civil Code; previously it was not separately distinguished in domestic legislation, unlike the right to disassemble. However, in fact it was recognized before this. The right to disassemble existed before, however, due to the complexity of modern programs, few people used it.

Section 1280 also prohibits causing “unjustifiable harm” to the use of a computer program as a result of the application of the remaining provisions of the section. In fact, this is a ban on the abuse of "free use". It is similar to the general prohibition contained in Article 1229 of the Civil Code (clause 5, paragraph 2).

Thus, the law provides quite big number situations where copyrighted works can be used completely free of charge and without the permission of the copyright holder. Of course, the so-called "personal non-property rights" of the author, which include the right to a name, protection of the work from distortion, and others, must be respected. These rights are protected indefinitely.



Permission

Permission

noun, With., used compare often

Morphology: (no) what? permissions, what? permission, (see) what? permission, how? permission, about what? about permission; pl. What? permissions, (no) what? permits, what? permits, (see) what? permissions, how? permits, about what? about permits

1. Permission is called someone's consent, permission to do something.

Prior permission. | Obtain parental permission for marriage. | Ask permission to call. | To do something without permission or with someone else's permission.

2. Permission is an official document that gives someone the right to do something.

Give permission to sell something. | Written permission. | Temporary, permanent permit. | Permission to enter the country. | Work permit.

3. If someone prefaces their actions with the phrase With your permission, then this means that this person is politely warning someone of his intention to do something.

4. Permission is called the found answer to something, the final favorable solution to a problem, etc.

Resolution of contradictions, dilemmas. | Find a solution to all doubts. | Wait for your fate to be resolved. | The issue requires immediate resolution.

5. Permission is called a peaceful, successful ending to any complex matter or conflict.

Dispute resolution before court. | Direct efforts to resolve the conflict.

6. In optics, in information technology resolution is the ability of a technical device to distinguish, capture, reproduce any image.

Change monitor resolution. | The photo lens has high resolution.

Dictionary Russian language Dmitriev. D. V. Dmitriev. 2003.

Synonyms:

See what “resolution” is in other dictionaries:

Permission: Permission to do something is the antonym of the word “prohibition.” Permission to do something requested, including a document confirming it; Work permit; Temporary residence permit; Settlement permit; Resolution... Wikipedia

PERMISSION, permissions, cf. 1. units only Action under Ch. allow allow. Resolve a difficult technical issue. Resolution of all doubts. Conflict resolution. Contact someone to resolve the issue. Permission… … Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

See consent ... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian dictionaries, 1999. permission permission, admission, sanction; solution; authorization, power of attorney, license, approval; clarity,... ... Synonym dictionary

permission- Spatial frequency of the location of dot image elements of a discrete structure, embedded in the subsystems of digital printing equipment, which is usually determined: a) FOR THE PRINTING MECHANISM (mechanical resolution) b) FOR SOFTWARE... ... Technical Translator's Guide

The smallest change in an analog signal that is detected by a device performing analog-to-discrete conversion. See also: Analogue discrete transformations Financial Dictionary Finam ... Financial Dictionary

permission- (Resolution) The most important characteristic of any discrete output device (monitor, printer, phototypesetting machine, etc.) is the size of the raster element [a two-dimensional array of pixels]. Usually expressed as dots per inch and ... ... Font terminology

permission- PERMISSION, permission, book. sanction, obsolete permission, obsolete permission, colloquial, joking. blessing, colloquial reduction permission ALLOW/ALLOW, give/give, allow/permit, book., nonsense. and owls. authorize, obsolete. ... ... Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech

PERMISSION, I, Wed. 1. see allow, xia. 2. The right to do something, as well as a document certifying such a right. Get r. to work in archives. Ask for permission (to be allowed). R. for shooting wild boars. 3. Degree of visibility… … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

An act of consent issued in written or oral form by the subject of management, a state licensing authority that has the appropriate right. Dictionary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001... Dictionary of business terms

PERMISSION- a document granting the right to commit to. l. actions, for example, to drive a vehicle through the territory of a foreign state. R. can be single, multiple, special, multilateral ... Legal Encyclopedia

Permission- * advanced * resolution degree of determination (description) of molecular details on the physical map of DNA, which is ranked from low to high... Genetics. encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• Resolving problems of national relations in line with the Concept of Public Security, Internal Predictor of the USSR. Resolving problems of national relations in line with the Concept of Public Security. On the elimination of the system of exploitation of “man by man” in a multinational society. Neither...

We live in a primitive economy that does not require high quality human capital. This contradiction already existed in the USSR, where universities graduated a large number of highly educated people. But only a small part of them were involved in scientific developments and involved in the emergence of some breakthrough technologies.

And in post-Soviet Russia this situation has become completely outrageous. And not only are there a lot of smart people walking around with good education, which have nowhere to go. Other newly minted economists, financiers, and lawyers simply cannot be hired. Because, in addition to “educational overproduction,” we are often faced with low-quality production. It is enough to mention the astronomical number of diplomas issued after correspondence courses.

It is not surprising that many people wonder: is higher education really that good?

But, firstly, we must remember that over the past 150 years Russia has regularly supplied the world with high-quality human capital, educated here. And perhaps we should not limit ourselves solely to the needs of our country and our economy.

And secondly, universities, generally speaking, produce three products: human capital; a set of professions that a nation, a country and, as it turns out, the whole world live by; finally - behavioral values.

Main product higher education over the past quarter century, the middle class has become. After all, belonging to it is largely a matter of self-identification. People who consider themselves to be middle class know that fitness is useful, but they should not drink methylated spirits. They know what deposits and generally savings instruments are, and sometimes they can even be responsible for their finances. They have a fundamentally different attitude to the quality of life, and thus they radically change the nature of demand in the country.

Paradox! The massive proliferation of universities has been negative in terms of economic supply and positive in terms of social supply. But ultimately, through demand, it also affects the economy.

By the way, we are very similar to South Korea in this respect. There, too, there is clearly no need for as many specialists as are currently being produced. But they remade the consciousness of the nation, which until recently was mostly peasant.

However, Koreans know what they want to achieve from education. We do not have such an understanding. Let's take the history of world university rankings. It seems good idea- to demonstrate our global competitiveness in this area.

For example, the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University, according to the basic positions of the QS 2016 world ranking, shares national leadership with High school economy. At the same time, HSE, for example, is ahead in terms of the number of publications, and we are ahead in terms of graduates and academic reputation. And this does not prevent the ministry from reducing the number of budget places for us.

They say that you are economists, and therefore you can easily replace a state employee with a contract employee. But this logic is deeply flawed, because then we will not be able to produce a good world-class specialist.

Russia is a country with Latin American social gaps. A budget place allows them to be overcome at least in education. It leaves a chance for a gifted young man from the outback and from a low-income family, having gained the necessary points on the Unified State Exam, to come to us and become a star. One that will be in demand not only here, but also at Princeton or Stanford, as often happened with graduates of the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University.

The ministry operates on the principle of “every sister’s earrings” - so that governors don’t get too offended and don’t think that only their universities are being closed, merged or deprived of state funding.

Although even at the quota level it is clear how different federal and regional approaches to the value of education are. When we tried to bring the enrollment for certain specialties in line with requests from the localities, it turned out that we had to graduate only 200 “budget” philosophers. Because no region says it needs philosophers.

In the same way, no department of economics - and not just the regional one - will ever pay for the training of young people to become structural linguists. They are not mentioned in layouts due to external demand personnel services enterprises and firms. But structural linguists from Moscow State University became the pride of many new companies created in the 90s.

The ability to teach a wide variety of professions, regardless of their apparent applied value, is perhaps the best indicator of a country’s positioning in the global education market, its competitive feature. And in order to preserve it and at the same time satisfy the current needs of employers, it is enough to introduce a ranking of diplomas and universities. When it will be seen that this person has received a world-class education. This one is national. And this one - learned a little and broadened his horizons.

If such a difference is clearly formalized and made visible, there will be no need to close universities en masse. It is enough to abolish the correspondence form of education as trading for little money in diplomas that are not formally different from ordinary ones - with a colossal actual difference. And from 2017, this is likely to be done.

Distance courses from leading universities should take their place, and although they are very difficult to do, they must be done. Otherwise, we will again build a closed elitist system, deliberately depriving children from poor families living on the periphery of the opportunity to improve their educational level.

Of course, some problems related to the accessibility and effectiveness of education are solved with the help of the Unified State Exam. And some, on the contrary, are created. I never thought that there would be two types of applicants. Some people know what Newton's binomial is, but they don't know who Sir Isaac Newton is. And others know who Newton is, but do not know what a binomial is. Because in high school, every student now decides this way: “I’m taking this Unified State Exam, other subjects aside.” And as a result, he loses orientation in space. He masters formulas, but does not feel that he is running headlong into the wall with them, or he sees this world, but does not know how to express it, how to arrange it.

The breadth of horizons is lost. And, as a result, we get people who are not able and not ready to apply the acquired knowledge to their own business, and not to someone else’s. At best, they will choose between a large and a medium-sized company, between the employer that pays more and the one that gives more freedom. Who will become an entrepreneur? Not the ones they sell near the metro, but the ones that actually create an innovative economy?

Daniil Aleksandrovich Granin told me a wonderful phrase 7-8 years ago: “Sasha, you can do a lot in Russia if you don’t ask permission.”

This is, perhaps, the main applied task of the national education system - to “produce” smart and knowledgeable people who will not ask permission.