Roof insulation installation. Proper insulation of the roof of the house: technology and video. What materials are required for a roofing pie

In the cold northern latitudes, the issue of keeping warm in winter has always been an acute issue. Even many centuries ago, an established technology for roof insulation already existed.

After all, what less heat is lost from housing during heating, the less resources are wasted to maintain it, the more comfortable it is to live in the house.

Years and centuries passed, now there is no need to build a fire inside or heat the stove - central heating greatly simplifies the task.

But roof insulation is still necessary - after all, when heat lingers in the house for as long as possible, less energy is spent on heating, and living in a warm insulated house is much more comfortable.

Not so long ago, the most popular heater was glass wool. Using glass wool is cheaper than using other types of insulation, but it has some significant disadvantages that make people abandon it and insulate the roof with other materials.

For example, cotton wool is not suitable for warming inclined surfaces - it simply rolls down, exposing the very top of the roof, through which heat will seep. In addition, when using cotton wool, you need to think about how to protect it from moisture. However, cotton wool is still used in some homes, mainly because of its low cost.

Most commonly used now Styrofoam and mineral wool (e.g. rockwool). The thing is that they are devoid of the disadvantages of glass wool, but they have a number of additional advantages. - fairly durable material and is able to withstand significant loads, and mineral wool is a wonderful noise insulator. You can read more about roof insulation with mineral wool.

Choosing the perfect thermal insulation

When choosing a material, you should pay attention to the following characteristics:

It is of utmost importance insulation thickness. There is no way she can be counted on. For information on how to correctly calculate the thickness, read below.

Correct calculation of the thickness of the insulation

The formula for calculating the layer thickness in meters will look like this:

Layer thickness \u003d Thermal resistance of the layer * Thermal conductivity coefficient of the material (roof thermal insulation snip).

This data is provided by the manufacturer and may vary. Detailed information for each heater you will be helped to find specialists in a hardware store.

Many experts advise, after receiving the final result, to add to it another half of the calculated value. It is worth noting that when using backfill or crushable materials, they should be loosened from time to time so that the current layer thickness is not disturbed and remains stable.

roof insulation technology

Any properly laid roof consists of a certain sequential combination of materials that form the so-called roofing cake or a roofing plan.

Breaking the sequence or skipping one of the "layers of the pie" can lead to sad consequences., so let's take a closer look at the entire roof insulation pie, starting from the bottom and rising to the very top of the roof.

As a roof, you can choose any material you like: corrugated board , ondulin, soft tiles, etc. And now consider the standard procedure for warming the attic under a gable roof:

Consider all the layers of roof insulation in more detail. The first layer is the interior trim, behind it is the crate. of great importance for insulation, these layers do not have, so you can skip them.
Behind them is a vapor barrier.. And here it is worth stopping in more detail. does not allow warm (or even hot) air masses to interact with thermal insulation, so that moisture does not remain on the thermal insulation itself - the result of condensation. A vapor barrier must be present in each roof - after all, the insulation should not become damp.
Above is the counter-lattice, on which the insulation itself is laid directly. We have already talked about it and will talk more, so let's pay attention to the top layer - waterproofing.
As the name implies, waterproofing protects the insulation from water coming from above - like rain, snow, or simply moisture condensed on the roof. must also be present in each roof.
Then comes empty space for ventilation and finally the roof itself. Do not forget about the insulation of the roof eaves, the easiest way to do this is with a sprayed one.

Laying rolled vapor barrier

Pitched roof insulation technology

Roofing cake in section

Extremely important observe all the installation standards for each of the layers and the procedure for insulating the roof, otherwise the insulation itself may be damaged, and then it will cease to perform its functions. If you still have questions about roof insulation, then you can find the answers in the article - "".

Flat roof insulation

When insulating a flat roof, you should decide on the purpose of the surface - whether it will be used or not. If so, then an additional concrete screed will need to be made on top of the thermal insulation (for example, if you walk on such a roof, adjust the antenna, for example). If the roof platform is not used, then the screed is not needed. You can read more about it at the link.

Note!

The main requirement for flat roof insulation is strength and durability of the material. Indeed, in winter, a significant mass of snow will accumulate on a flat roof, which can deform weak fragile material.

Thermal insulation on a flat roof is of two types - single layer and double layer. As the name implies, two layers of insulation are used in two-layer insulation, respectively, one in single-layer insulation.

Thermal insulation of a pitched roof

In total, there are two types of insulation of a pitched roof - floor insulation(attic) and slope insulation(scheme of insulation of the attic roof).

With attic insulation, the type and strength of the material is not so important - since there is no risk of slope, exposure and deformation of the material.

But with the attic you need to pay attention to material strength, on its ability to keep its shape and not roll.

When insulating floors, the attic should be ventilated, it is desirable to maintain a temperature in it close to the street temperature.

Roof insulation units - overhangs, parapets and roof cornice

When insulating the above elements, in addition to complying with standard requirements (waterproofing, etc.), it is important protection of the joints of the “layers” from moisture ingress during rain or snow. For these purposes, boards, lining, galvanized steel and other similar materials are used. They need to flash the roof from the end, leaving no horizontal gaps into which moisture can seep.

Warming overhangs roofs can be made with using mineral wool or finishing material - lining or corrugated board. By the same principle, the roof parapet is insulated.

Useful video

And now we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the technology of roof insulation using a practical example:

Conclusion

So, an important factor when choosing a heater is the type of roof, as well as the type of insulation if the roof is pitched. Choosing a heater it is necessary to correctly calculate its thickness and add a little just in case. It is important to follow the sequence and correct laying of the layers, then your roof will serve you for many years, protecting your home from the cold and helping to keep warm.

In contact with

On the video of roof insulation, you can clearly see the process of installing heat-insulating material for different types roofs.

Insulation materials

There are different materials for roof insulation. When choosing, you should consider compliance with the following requirements:

Fire safety;
weight. The roof structure must be able to withstand the load generated by the thermal insulation material.

Pay attention to the environmental friendliness of the material. This is especially important if the attic space will be used as a living space.

Additionally, they perform a soundproofing function. Such materials are environmentally friendly, lightweight, durable, fire resistant and easy to install.

If the insulation is carried out with plates, a fixing structure should be provided for them. In this case, the volume of the room will noticeably decrease, so for small rooms, stoves are not the best option.

Common Mistakes

The most common mistake is saving on insulating material. Cheap thermal insulation materials not only have a higher thermal conductivity, but may also contain harmful substances. For example, relatively affordable foam is not recommended for use in residential areas. In addition, this material is not fireproof.

Another common mistake is the gaps between the heat insulator. The rolled material must be mounted with an overlap. This will eliminate heat loss through the gaps between the heat insulator strips. In addition, the gaps can increase over time, which will lead to an increase in heat loss.

In the process of insulating the floor in the attic, it is imperative to lay a layer of heat insulator on wooden beams. Otherwise, heat will escape through them, due to the formation of so-called "cold bridges".

To isolate the beams, you will have to increase the thickness of the insulation layer. This leads to additional costs, but provides high quality thermal insulation.

In the process of buying cotton materials, check the integrity of the packaging. In case of violation, do not purchase the material. There is a high probability that the cotton wool is saturated with moisture.

Photo of roof insulation

The roof is complex structure, which has a whole range of various functions, including heat exchange between the attic room and the external environment. Regardless of whether the attic is used for living or not, roof insulation must be carried out even in regions located in the south of our country.

Expert opinion

Konstantin Alexandrovich

Ask an expert

The article will give reasons for warming, consider aspects of choosing a heater for the roofing area, and give advice on self-arranging a warm and durable roof.

The need for roof insulation

The presence of an attic space is an important factor in the regulation temperature regime inside the dwelling. Even under the condition that this zone will not be heated, the attic will act as a buffer between the ceiling of the upper floor of the building and the external environment, and therefore perform a thermal insulation function.

To reduce the level of heat loss through the ceiling of rooms located at the top of the building, the floors of the attic rooms require insulation. At the same time, they continue to participate in the heat exchange procedure, so in winter the temperature in the attic differs from the street temperature upwards. An uninsulated roof in cold weather will form drops of condensate on the inner surface of the roof. Because of this, the wooden rafter part begins to rot, and puddles can form on the floor. In addition, inside a private house or cottage, at least during the year, there is a violation of the temperature regime, since the lack of thermal insulation in the roof area makes the attic not only cold in winter, but also excessively hot in summer.

Independent roof insulation

In order to insulate the roof, it is not necessary to attract specialists whose services are expensive. You can do this work with your own hands. The process begins with the selection of materials that will be needed in the work, and a work plan is created and detailed diagram. Each roof has two parts:

outer - roof;
internal, including a system of rafters and ceilings.

The whole complex of works on insulation is carried out only after a thorough examination of these components. If defects are found, repairs must be made. After that, excess moisture is removed and preventive measures are taken to combat fungi and mold.

So that wooden structural elements are not affected by fungus or mold, they are carefully treated antiseptic formulations. The protection of structural metal parts from rust consists in treating them with compounds that prevent the formation of corrosion.

Materials used for roof insulation

Below is a list of the main characteristics of the materials used for thermal insulation of the under-roof space:

The density level is a parameter that determines the degree of porosity of the material, and hence its thermal conductivity. A low density level means the presence of a large number of pores in the material, which negatively affects the thermal conductivity of the insulation and positively affects its ability to retain heat.
The thermal conductivity coefficient expresses the ability of an insulator to transfer heat. The intensity of thermal conductivity is inversely related to the porosity of the material and the degree of its moisture content. If the insulator has absorbed moisture, the insulation properties will be reduced or lost altogether.
Moisture absorption index To reduce the value of this coefficient and reduce the significance of the moisture factor, insulators with a fibrous structure are treated with various impregnations that impart hydrophobic properties. In other words, they don't absorb as much moisture. If you are going to purchase a mineral wool insulation, you should choose materials treated with water repellents.

In addition to the characteristics already considered, great importance is attached to the degree of environmental friendliness of thermal insulation. The material must not release into environment no toxins during operation.

The flammability standards of the heat insulator are contained in the documents SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings" and SP 4.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems". They also indicate acceptable standards regarding the degree of smoke generation and indicators of its toxicity. It is important to check the purchased material for the presence of appropriate certificates, which the seller is obliged to present to the buyer upon request.

For thermal insulation of roofs, heaters belonging to various groups can be used. Their differences are in physical parameters. To help you make an informed choice for your specific application, these material groups will be discussed in more detail below.

The classic version - mineral wool

List of main benefits if mineral wool is properly installed:

high level of isolation from extraneous sounds;
lack of combustibility;
low specific gravity of the material;
a small percentage of shrinkage of the material;
service life is 25 years or more.

If the insulation you bought turned out to be too thin, you can make a multi-layer installation with a mandatory dressing (shift) of the joints by 20 centimeters. The fewer seams are formed on the surface of the insulating flooring, the fewer cold bridges will occur in the future.

Highly environmentally friendly material - basalt wool

Warming materials based on natural basalt are a separate type of mineral wool. Varieties intended for roof insulation have a thickness of 5 to 15 centimeters. They have a porous structure, due to which they perfectly retain heat, poorly absorb moisture and do not sag over time, which makes it a market leader.

Bulk thermal insulation: expanded clay, sawdust, foam granules

Insulation, which is applied by backfilling, has not lost its popularity at the present time, slightly inferior to mineral wool slabs due to their skillful promotion on the market. The main advantage of such materials is the possibility of mixing with almost any material and introducing them into the structure. Popular varieties are:

sawdust;
expanded clay granules;
vermiculite;
foam balls;
ecowool.

One interesting insulation to use in the attic area is vremiculite. It is a natural stone mined in a quarry. Its properties are similar to those of expanded clay. In addition, it is able to absorb odors and destroy them, which is an additional plus for the attic.

Styrofoam is a material that requires careful handling

Expanded polystyrene, also called polystyrene, is foamed polyethylene granules compressed into sheets of various densities, the thickness of which can be up to 20 centimeters.

It is strongly not recommended to use this material for warming the roofing zone of a residential building, especially if it is built of wood. The slightest error in the production of work will lead to negative impact styrene on human health. The respiratory organs, circulatory system, headaches and other signs of disruption of the nervous system may be affected. Workers in the production of packing foam in blocks often complain about the appearance of a cough. In addition, foam-based materials emit toxic substances when melted.

Extruded polystyrene foam also has positive qualities that are of increased value in the arrangement of inverted roofs. They include moisture resistance.

For insulation, sandwich panels can also be used, which are sheets of mineral wool placed between two layers of thin steel or OSB boards. This design prevents the penetration of water vapor into the thickness of the insulation and allows you to extend its service life.

Ecowool - excellent vapor permeability

The degree of heat capacity of ecowool is often compared with that of mineral wool. Other indicators can also be considered good:

High level fire safety material. The special treatment makes it highly resistant to fire. Under the influence of an open flame, combustion is not supported. Ecowool can make charcoal, which smolders, but does not burn.
Ecowool actively maintains air exchange with the external environment and is able to withstand the maximum level of air humidity without losing the effectiveness of thermal insulation. During its installation, specialized vapor barrier membranes are not required, but they are still preferable to polyethylene.
Significant biological stability. Ecowool does not mold, harmful insects do not start in it. This is facilitated by the processing of the material with brown.
good properties soundproofing material.

Polyurethane foam: a combination of durability and practicality

The main advantage of PPU is the long service life of the heat insulator. The cells of the material have complex structure molecules closed to moisture and oxygen. The right technology application of the material consists in its spraying, and not pouring or laying.

The material must not be exposed to direct sunlight. Ultraviolet destroys the structure of polyurethane foam, leaving only a loose substrate.

The material installation process is extremely simple. The inside of the roof is first covered with a low-density layer of polyurethane foam, 20-25 centimeters thick. A layer is applied over it greater density, but thinner, only a few millimeters.

There is an important aspect regarding the safety of polyurethane foam. The ventilation of the attic, insulated with this material, must be organized in such a way that its particles cannot penetrate into the premises where people live permanently. Depending on the a large number various factors (temperature, humidity, etc.), the walls of its cells undergo constant expansion, due to which the insulation fails much earlier than the manufacturer promises. At room temperature, cells actively lose gas, gradually becoming less and less effective for thermal insulation.

Conclusion

Among the works related to the thermal insulation of certain surfaces, roof insulation country house can be considered the most difficult, in comparison with the work on the insulation of the floor or walls. Various design options have their own numerous schemes for carrying out warming measures, which only specialists can understand. Based on the scheme, the choice of insulation is made, as well as the calculation of the required level of insulation layer thickness.

In addition, it is important to properly equip the ventilation system in the space under the roof, which will avoid problems with wetting the insulation and reducing its basic properties.

Video about proper roof insulation

The roof is the first line of defense of the house, taking on all the blows of the elements, whether it be rain, hail, snow, wind or the scorching sun. The effectiveness of its protective functions largely depends on the quality of insulation. We are talking about both direct heat losses, which account for up to 25% of all heat losses in the house, and the protection of roof structures from external factors. Therefore, during construction or repair, it is very important to properly perform insulation and remember that in the design roofing cake no secondary elements.

Cold and warm roof: design features

First of all, it is necessary to distinguish between these two types of roofs. Cold means with a cold attic and insulation of the house along the attic floor. Warm - with a residential attic and insulation between the rafters. Why is it important? The fact is that regardless of the type of roofing, cold and warm roofs have a different design.

As part of a cold roof, inexpensive but durable waterproofing films are most often used. Their main task is to ensure effective condensate drainage and prevent it from getting inside the attic, including on the insulated floor.

The procedure for warming a cold roof

When installing a cold roof, the waterproofing film is laid perpendicular to the rafters. Membrane rolls are rolled out with an overlap of 100-150 mm and the joints are glued with construction tape.
Then the film is attached to the rafters with bars of the counter-lattice. After that, a crate is mounted across the rafters, on which the roofing is attached.
For flexible tiles, the so-called "solid" crate is made, i.e. stack solid sheets of OSB or other similar material on the counter bars.
The ventilation gap between the film and the roofing can be minimal, especially since the attic itself is a ventilated room.
When the roof is ready, the attic floor is insulated, not forgetting to install a vapor barrier under the insulation layer.

Device and installation of a warm roof

Work on the arrangement of a warm roof, as in the case of a cold one, also begins with the installation of waterproofing. At the same time, it is important to remember that a simple film can no longer be used, since a heater will be located directly under it, which must “breathe”, giving off excess moisture into the atmosphere. Otherwise, the thermal insulation may become damp and will not perform its function well.

In order for the insulation to evaporate excess moisture, the waterproofing layer must be vapor-permeable. Therefore, instead of films, hydro-windproof membranes are used, for example, ISOVER Vetranet (AM). Not allowing water to flow down and wet the insulation and rafters, it allows water vapor to pass from bottom to top. Another advantage of Vetranet (AM) is that it can act as a temporary shelter, protecting the structure from rain and allowing roofing installation to be delayed for up to two months.

Some homeowners are trying to save money and use cheap micro-perforated films instead of a membrane, which, according to their manufacturers, also combine waterproofing properties with vapor permeability. However, not everyone knows that this is fairly observed only as long as the film is on weight. As soon as it comes into contact from below with any base, a leak immediately occurs in this place. And in a warm roof, waterproofing lies on a layer of insulation.

Important! Unlike a cold roof, a warm ventilation gap between the roofing and waterproofing should be sufficient to ensure that all excess moisture is effectively evaporated, carried away by air currents rising from the eaves to the ridge.

Calculation of the counter-beam for the ventilation gap

With a standard ramp slope (25-40º), the height of the counter-beam should be at least 50 mm, for steep slopes (more than 45º) - at least 40 mm. The flatter the slope, the worse the draft under the roof, therefore, with slopes of 5-25º, a counter beam with a height of at least 60 mm is needed, and with a slope of less than 5º - 100 mm.
The length of the slope also matters. All the above values are valid for slopes up to 10 m long. If it is longer, then you need to increase the height of the ventilation gap by 10% or additionally install aeration pipes. More details on the calculation methodology can be found in SP 17.13330.2011 "Roofs".

The ventilation gap should not be interrupted so that the air flows ascending from the eaves to the ridge do not encounter obstacles, and the water rolling down the membrane does not accumulate anywhere. Therefore, no crossbars can be stuffed across between the bars of the counter-lattice.

Do-it-yourself roof insulation (step by step)

The insulation is installed after the installation of the hydro-windproof membrane. It is mounted from below, from the side of the attic, between the rafters and from the bottom up. With multilayer insulation, all layers of thermal insulation of the material are laid with a run-out of seams. If the thickness of the required layer of thermal insulation exceeds the height of the rafters, then they are built up with bars of the required thickness, which are stuffed perpendicularly.
From below, a vapor barrier film is mounted on the rafters. It is attached to the rafters in horizontal overlapping strips, with an overlap of 100-150 mm, using a construction stapler or nails with a wide hat. Joints and film attachment points are sealed with a vapor barrier tape or reinforced construction tape.

The disadvantage of using a conventional film as a vapor barrier is the numerous tears and punctures during its installation. Even an experienced builder will not notice everyone, as a result, the insulation may get wet in places. Therefore, for high-quality vapor barrier, we recommend using specialized membranes, for example, ISOVER Paranet (B).

This is a durable two-layer vapor barrier, which is installed with a smooth side to the insulation and reliably protects the roofing pie from evaporation. The rough internal surface allows to keep drops of condensate which are formed in the winter in heated rooms.

The choice of insulation

This is a responsible task. Thermal insulation should be light, easy to install and at the same time effective. Of the modern varieties of mineral wool, quartz is the most suitable for these conditions. The thermal conductivity of its light grades is 0.037-0.041 W / (m * ° C), which practically corresponds to the performance of polyurethane foam. At the same time, in terms of weight, quartz wool is 1.5-2 times lighter than stone wool similar in characteristics.

Due to thin (3.5-5 microns) and long (25-30 cm) fibers, it is characterized by high strength and elasticity, therefore it fills the entire space between the rafters without gaps and crevices, preventing the formation of cold bridges.

To insulate the roof and attic floor, it is advisable to use wool in rolls, since it is more convenient to mount it in whole pieces along the entire length of the rafters and 1.5-2 times more material is placed in a compressed roll than in a package with compressible plates. As a result, the cost of transporting insulation is reduced by 1.5-2 times.

As a rule, do-it-yourself roof insulation for permanent residence involves laying mineral wool in two layers, since one (maximum 150 mm) is not enough for harsh Russian winters. In this case, for the first (outer) layer, you can use ordinary quartz wool (for example, ISOVER Warm Roof with increased sound insulation and moisture resistance), and for the second - ISOVER Comfort Pitched Roof with a craft vapor barrier coating. The insulation is mounted between the rafters with the substrate down, after which it is glued to them with ISOVER Paranet adhesive tape.

Mineral wool does not rot and decompose from moisture

Is it possible to insulate a cold roof

Just take it and "upgrade" cold roof in the old house it will not work: the coating will have to be completely removed. This is due to two reasons: the need to organize a ventilation gap sufficient in height and to replace the waterproofing film with a vapor-permeable membrane. There is no way to do this from the side of the attic. True, if the house is “with history”, then the roofing usually still needs to be replaced.

If it was built relatively recently, then completely blocking the roof means incurring serious costs. Therefore, the decision that you will be located above the top floor, it is better to make in advance. It is even more correct to play it safe: even if it is decided to make a cold roof, you can use a hydro-windproof membrane instead of a film and choose a thicker counter beam. It is possible to equip the attic even after a few years, the main thing is that this is possible in principle.

So, all decisions are made, materials are selected, which means you can get to work. The main thing to remember: there are no trifles in the roofing business! A properly installed roof will reliably protect the house from cold, heat and bad weather and will serve faithfully for many years.

When building or repairing a private house, the arrangement of the roof is one of the most important stages. If it is not designed correctly, then precipitation will accumulate on it, which will amount to an extra load and will contribute to damage to the roofing material. If the roof is not laid correctly, then moisture will get into the seams and over time it will leak into the house, and if the roof is not insulated from the inside, then cold air will very quickly enter the room and will not allow it to fully warm up by any means, that is, living in such conditions all round year will be impossible.

Physical Factors: Impact

Any house that is used for housing must meet certain requirements in order to live in it comfortably and comfortably. It is important to properly lay the foundation so that the house does not shrink or crack, insulate it and build a roof. The choice of coating is very important, as it affects the weight that applies to the house, the time to complete the flooring work and the cost. In addition to all this, you need to take care of the insulation inside roofs so that the construction of the house remains as reliable as possible, and the residents feel comfortable at any time of the year.

In different climatic conditions, buildings are affected by various factors.

For our latitudes will be characteristic:

precipitation in the form of rain;
snow, groats and similar phenomena;
hail;
roof icing;
active sun;
strong wind.

To withstand all these negative factors, the roof must be covered with sufficiently dense materials that can reliably protect the house for many years.

A private house is a structure that consists of the main floor and the attic. If the roof is not insulated, then up to 15% of the heat from the room escapes through the ceiling in cold weather, which makes it necessary to intensively heat the rooms. In addition, having an insulated attic, this space, if desired, can be made residential and used as rooms for a specific purpose. This is ideal for a large family.

Processes inside

In order to properly insulate a private house and make the roof a full-fledged protective mechanism for both the main room and the attic, you need to be able to choose the right material for insulation. Typically, the selection is based on the physical processes occurring inside, under the roof.

There are several of the most important.

Heat exchange, which occurs due to different temperatures in the house and outside. If the roof is not insulated, then part of the heat escapes through the roof, and the insulation prevents this process and maintains optimal indoor temperatures.
Moisture exchange, which arises from the person himself, his breathing, evaporation from body temperature to cooking processes, when the vapors rise to the ceiling, carrying moisture particles that are removed through the roof. If the roof is insulated, the humidity level remains optimal, and unnecessary odors can be removed with ventilation.

When insulating the roof, you can protect yourself from temperature changes inside the room, because the insulation has its own temperature, which is often slightly higher than that on the street, and does not allow the heat of the building to go outside, which eliminates the need additional heating which requires reserve funds.

Insulating layer helps avoid condensation, which is formed when hot and cold air come into contact, therefore laying it together with a heater will help to keep it appearance and performance. Properly performed work increases the life of the building by almost two times and minimizes the need for repairs every year.

Necessity or whim?

A private house often has a pitched roof, which forms an attic space on top of the main living floor. If there is no insulation, then living in such conditions will be very uncomfortable due to the lack of heat in the cold season. If the attic is made in the form of a residential floor - the same attic, then the warming process should be mandatory.

Any roofing material will not be able to protect as foam, mineral wool or other type of coatings. In addition to the insulation itself, it is important to use a vapor barrier film that will cope with all sorts of fumes.

If you ignore the installation of an insulating coating, then in addition to the cold in the house, problems with the roof truss system will begin very soon, which will rot and there will be a risk of collapse. The same effect can be observed with the wrong installation technology or inaccurate choice of insulation. If you choose the wrong thickness of the standing insulation, then instead of protection, the opposite effect will be. Under normal conditions, with a temperature difference, protection against condensation and heat removal is carried out, which makes it possible to feel comfortable in any weather.

If the thickness is violated and a thin insulation is selected, then an excessively large amount of condensate will form on it, which will contribute to the rapid decay of the rafters and the violation of the microclimate of the room.

Non-compliance is dangerous for both health and safety as the roof structure may collapse. The choice of material that needs to be insulated depends on a wide variety of factors that are important to consider in order to be able to independently install what you need. If there are difficulties with the choice of insulation or its installation, it is better to contact professionals and get comprehensive advice and assistance in installation.

"Pie" of the roof: what is it?

A properly constructed roof involves a large number of layers of different materials that are stacked on top of each other, which resembles a pie - hence the name. The basis of the construction "pie" is the rafters, on which all other layers are already being laid.

To correctly lay out all the layers, it is important to know their correct sequence, which looks like this:

Roof.
The crate on which the installation of finishing materials will be carried out. Can be laid flat or with gaps.
A counter-lattice in the form of bars, which serves to ventilate the space under the roof itself.
Film for waterproofing.
Materials for thermal insulation.
A layer of material for vapor barrier.
Creation of a crate where insulating materials and inner lining are mounted.
material for interior lining.

If you properly lay the "pie", then you can avoid the loss of heat from the living space during the cold season, and it will also help from overheating the space in extreme heat. The waterproofing layer will help protect the insulation from moisture coming from the outside, and the vapor barrier layer will protect against all kinds of fumes.

Pitched roof - a fairly common type, therefore it will not be difficult for her to pick up all the necessary materials. The positive aspect of high attics is the convenience of work on their insulation and the ability to equip a full-fledged living space.

Without additional work, it will be extremely unpleasant to be in it - it is very cold in winter and too hot in summer.

Requirements for materials and their functions

For quality work it is necessary to choose the right materials. It will depend on them how accurately it will be possible to make comfortable living conditions and secure the roof supports. The choice will depend on the region where the building is located, its size, purpose, as well as the funds that are available for the purchase of materials.

There are four main methods of insulation.

Use of mineral wool, which is the most commonly used material due to its properties. It is best to purchase the basalt variety. In the store, it is desirable to obtain a quality certificate in order to know for sure that the products are safe and meet all norms and standards. There are varieties that have a lighter weight, they are suitable for work in conditions of self-insulation of the room. The positive qualities of cotton wool can be considered a non-combustible composition and moisture repellency, which corresponds to the main task of this layer. In addition, rodents do not like it, which means that you don’t have to worry that someone can start up in the house, especially on the roof.

Of the minuses, a rather high cost can be noted, but it is fully offset by the positive aspects.

The use of glass wool. Some time ago, this material was considered the main one for roof insulation, but due to some hazardous properties She very soon found safer analogues. The thermal insulation of glass wool is not bad, and the efficiency is very high. When working with such material, it is very important to follow all safety rules, namely, use a protective suit, gloves, goggles. It is important to close the nasopharynx and eyes so that pieces of glass dust do not get into them.

People with allergies will not be able to live in such a house, so you need to be able to choose the right type of internal insulation coating.

Polymer roof insulation- These are special tiles made of polystyrene foam and expanded polystyrene. They have both advantages and disadvantages. This is an inexpensive option, because anyone can afford it, but if you look at the cons, then you should think carefully about acquiring such insulation. These materials are very flammable, and when burned, they emit a large amount of smoke, which is very dangerous for humans.

Usually, this type is resorted to when other options cannot be used.

Expanded clay insulation. This material is very often used for floor insulation and has good thermal insulation properties, but it is very difficult to use it for a roof due to heavy installation. Usually only experienced workers can cope with it to make the internal insulation of the ceiling in the house.

If we consider alternative options, then polyurethane foam is distinguished among them, which can be used in two states - in the form of plates and foam. It is advisable not to take plates for arranging the ceiling, because it is inconvenient to work with them and they have a very high cost. At the same time, liquid or foamed polyurethane is easy to apply and has a number of advantages. With its help, you can fill voids of any shape and size, slots and lines of openings are very well clogged. If the rest of the materials need to be cut and to achieve maximum fit, then in this case the foam itself lays down, the main thing is to distribute it correctly and evenly.

It is very convenient to use foam for roofing made of slate or broken structures when there are a lot of drops on the roof and the frame has significant differences. Another significant advantage can be considered autonomy from hydro and thermal insulation, which are not needed for polyurethane foam. In addition, the material has excellent resistance to flammability, which ensures the safety of the house.

How to choose?

When choosing a material for insulation, it is important to understand what exactly you should pay attention to, what indicators will play a decisive role in the selection of one or another type.

The main criteria are:

The mass of the material. Heavy insulation will serve as an additional mass on the house itself, which will affect both the roof rafters and the building as a whole. If the house is built from high-quality bricks or foam blocks, then enhanced insulation can be allowed, but in this case, you need to make the rafters more powerful so that they can withstand a lot of weight.
Thermal conductivity index. The lower the numbers, the better for the roofing material. If the indicator is approximately equal to 0.04 W / m * s, then this will be the best option.
Indicator of resistance to adverse environmental factors.
The density of the material, which affects the heat transfer of the material. If the density is low, the porosity of the insulation increases, which reduces thermal conductivity and leads to an increase in thermal insulation properties.

The ability to absorb moisture. In order to repel moisture, any insulation can be treated with a hydrophobic substance. Some materials are already sold with such impregnation.
Combustibility indicators, which is the most important factor for arranging a roof.
Ability to resist low temperatures.
Resistance to influence of chemical elements.
Environmental friendliness of the material.

Having considered all these indicators, the best option would be to use mineral and glass wool. Glass and mineral wool is sold in the form of rolls or plates. It is safer to insulate with mineral wool, because it is more resistant to fire.

If we consider modern heaters, the most advanced technology will be roof sheathing with foam flex. It is a durable and lightweight unit that can be easily installed on any surface, be it wall or ceiling. You can cut off the desired piece with an ordinary knife.

In addition, the storage conditions of foam flex are also distinctive, which can be outdoors at any temperature, but it is better that it has packaging on it.

It is convenient to use expanded polystyrene, which is also called penoplex, in rooms with adverse conditions, because it is not afraid of them, and various microorganisms will not begin to develop in it. A very important feature is the environmental friendliness of this insulation. It does not emit any harmful odors and fumes and is completely harmless to both adults and children.

Preparation

To carry out insulation procedures, it is important to clearly understand which roof to work with. By correctly determining the order of work, you can quickly and efficiently insulate the roof. It is worth considering the materials that will be at hand during work. It is important to clearly understand for yourself what exactly you have to work with and what to do.

If the process of warming has become completely clear, then you can cope with absolutely any roof, whether it be near a rural house or a large villa by the sea. In order to carry out insulation work, it is important to prepare the roof itself for this.

There is a specific procedure for this, which includes:

inspection truss system so that damaged boards can be identified in time and replaced;
treatment of wooden structures with an antiseptic;
checking communications, if they are located under the roof. This applies to piping and wiring.

As soon as the roof is ready, you need to check the availability of all the materials with which the insulation will be made, prepare the tools, and only after that you can get to work. The workflow has its own rules and patterns that you need to know in order not to make mistakes and get a good and high-quality result.

Process step by step: how to do it?

In order for the work to be carried out quickly and efficiently, it is important to prepare well, read articles on the topic, watch videos in order to clearly see what is being done and why in the process of internal roof insulation.

The algorithm of the work is reduced to four points.

Mounting the waterproofing layer. This task should be done at the time of coverage roofing material. Waterproofing is mounted on the rafters so that there is a slight sag. A slate house involves laying this material directly on the insulation. It is important to properly lay the waterproofing - its smooth side should be on top. Strips of material must be sealed with adhesive tape so that cracks do not form over time. Only after that, counter-rails are stuffed onto the rafters, to which the crate will be installed. On the finished boards and you need to lay the roofing material.
Thermal insulation installation. It is important to choose a heat-insulating mat with the required thickness, and lay it between the rafters. The material is placed in a spacer or on a rough filing, which is made of small-width rails, fishing line and rope, which are fastened with nails to the rafters. Thermal insulation mats take up free space, and excess pieces are cut out.

If you need to insulate the room with the highest quality, the mats are laid, shifting to the side with each row.

Placement of the vapor barrier. This material consists of a smooth side, which is placed towards the insulation, and a rougher side, which is directed towards the building itself and collects steam emissions from the room. The laying of such a film is important point for its full-fledged work. The installation process takes place using a stapler. In this case, you can do without a counter-lattice, but it is important to glue all the joints with adhesive tape.
The process of installing profiles and guide bars. These materials serve as the basis for mounting decorative elements and ventilation, which is necessary for the proper operation of insulation.

The technology of work will be similar, whether it is a summer house, where the house has a flat ceiling, or a large country house, where gable roof. The right choice of materials and installation in the right sequence will give the desired result.

Attic floors

When choosing insulation for an attic floor, it is necessary to take into account its thermal protection, strength and stable qualities in relation to adverse environmental phenomena. It is important to consider the type of overlap, the material from which it is made. Concrete with wood have their own characteristics.

The process of installing insulation depends on the material, if it is mineral wool, then it is better to use thick layers (about 20 cm), but if there is a desire to create increased thermal insulation, you can increase the thickness to 30 cm. The wool is laid only after the vapor barrier has been placed. It is best to lay it under a floor of boards or timber so that they do not absorb moisture and do not rot. If it was not possible to put a solid piece of vapor barrier, it must be glued with tape.

After that, work begins with a heater, which is placed in wooden frame so as to fill all the empty spaces. Once the mineral wool has been placed, waterproofing is applied on top to prevent the wool from absorbing the excess wool. It is especially important to do this if the next step is to pour concrete when the 2nd floor is planned in the building. Instead of concrete, you can make flooring from OSB boards. In this way, you can insulate the attic and, if desired, make it a living space.

stingrays

You can insulate the slopes different ways, the choice of which depends on the design of the rafters, their height and the skills of the one who will work with the surface.

There are only three options for how to insulate a pitched roof:

with thermal insulation, which is located between the rafters, the frame must be flush with the insulation;
with thermal insulation between and above the rafters, the frame is wrapped on all sides with insulation;
with thermal insulation between and under the rafters, the frame is not insulated.

Pitched roof insulation is best done with mineral wool mats or with a fiberglass backing. Roof installation can be carried out both from the inside and outside. Only the layers and their stacking order will differ. During internal work, the roof is insulated with a waterproofing layer, on which the insulation material itself is already laid, and after that the vapor barrier tape is stretched.

A sloping roof is a special structure that needs to be properly insulated, especially if the whole procedure is done by hand. Knowing the technology and the correct arrangement of layers, you can get a high-quality roofing that will protect the house from heat loss and moisture penetration and help create a comfortable microclimate inside.

Flat roof: features of work

If there is a need to insulate flat roof, then the installation of the appropriate materials is often carried out after the roof is installed. The work is carried out indoors, and after their completion, the height of the ceilings is significantly reduced, which is a significant drawback with all other advantages.

Before starting work, it is important to consider how exactly the attic space will be illuminated.

We insulate a flat roof by stuffing bars along the entire length of the room, after which they must be divided into squares, in which the heat-insulating material will be placed. You can keep it in the cells with a cord or by gluing it to the surface, which is less desirable. The cord can be removed when all the gaps are covered with foam, which will hold the insulation in place.

The first layer should always be a thermal insulation layer, and the last layer should be a vapor barrier, which in total will give the desired result of a dry and warm roof. If you do not use protective layers, then the insulation will very soon become unusable and cease to perform its functions.

When work with insulation is over, you need to pay attention to the wiring. If it is present there, only after that proceed with the installation of lamps and decorative decoration of the room.

If the attic is presented as a large and cold room, you can use various kinds of heaters, after which it will be possible to live in this room. It is possible to lay heat-insulating material both during the construction of the roof and after that. If the roof is already covered with slate or other material, then the work is done from the inside, which changes the arrangement of the layers during the installation of insulation.