Sewerage design in a private house - what needs to be taken into account. Sewage project for a private house Sewage project for a private house

In order for one of the main communications of the house - the sewer system for drainage and treatment of wastewater in a private house - to work properly, it is necessary to understand the principles and features of collector design. It’s quite possible to handle this kind of work on your own if you draw up a project plan wisely. sewer network.

It is advisable that a communication layout plan be created at the stage of building a house. In this case, it would be good to place all plumbing rooms on the same horizontal or vertical line to make it easier to connect all water intake points to the central riser. But it also happens that the house was built a long time ago, when amenities were still located on the street. In this case, creating a project plan for the sewer network in the house is also possible. The main thing is to take into account all the norms and requirements for installation engineering system. And for clarity, we offer a video at the end.

Since the sewer collector is a utility network, it must be created in accordance with established requirements and rules. Deviation from the norms regulated by SNiP threatens not just the failure of the collector, but also an environmental disaster on a scale, at least for a site, and at maximum for a village.

In addition, designing and drafting a collector is necessary for the simple reason that without a plan, there is a risk of getting confused in the location of the pipes and riser, as well as incorrectly installing all plumbing points. As a result, the system is subject to constant blockages, leaks, and accidents. Needless to say, how much money will subsequently be spent to correct the situation.

Project components

In order to correctly draw up a sewer design for a private house, you need to understand that the utility network consists of two parts:

Internal sewerage. This includes all pipes, riser and plumbing water points in the house. In the project it will be necessary to accurately indicate all the locations of plumbing equipment, their distance from the riser and the footage of each pipe from the point to the riser. All angles and turns of the pipeline are also indicated here, as well as the length of the riser to the outlet pipe in the foundation.
External sewerage- this is a collector from the beginning of the outlet pipe to the septic tank (cesspool). This also includes a design for the location of the septic tank on the site. It is worth knowing that to install pipes outside the house, you must use the SNiP rules, which state that if the pipeline has a length of more than 10 meters (provided the pipe diameter is more than 200 mm, SNiP allows the distance between wells to be 20 m), then for high-quality Maintenance pipeline, it is necessary to install inspection wells. The distance between such inspection points must be at least 10 meters.

Important: for the internal sewer network use PVC pipes gray color with a diameter of 500 mm, only for the toilet you need to purchase a pipe with a cross-section of 110 mm. And for external installation of the collector, more durable orange polypropylene pipes with a diameter of 150 mm or more are used, depending on the volume of wastewater.

Distribution of internal utility network

The sewerage project must begin with the allocation of places for all water intake points. All of them on the plan must have a specific location without subsequent changes. For each of the devices you need to make a supply in the form of a siphon.

Important: the toilet closest to the riser should be. Because its drains are heavier and denser, and the diameter of the outlet coupling is larger than the sink or bathtub pipes. By placing the toilet in this way, it is possible to avoid possible blockages and plugs in the collector. All other water points should be located at a greater distance from the riser than the toilet.

In addition to these features, when creating a project, you should pay attention to the following points:

All pipes must be connected by soldering.
It is desirable that the horizontal pipeline has as few drops and turns as possible. If this cannot be avoided, then quality work systems need to use 35 degree swivel elbows.
It is also worth observing the slope of the pipeline in the house. The optimal slope, according to SNiP, is 2 cm per meter of pipe.
The connection between the riser and the sewer pipe must be carried out only using a cross.
It is prohibited to design a sewer system without inspection hatches. They should be placed on all existing collector bends, as well as on the first and last floor of the house along the riser.
And do not forget to design a drain pipe that will provide ventilation to the sewer network and remove gases from the pipeline. The pipe is usually raised vertically above the roof level.

Sewer outlet

Now it is necessary to develop a project for draining the wastewater outside. To do this, it is necessary to mark on the plan the place where the riser descends into the basement to the foundation.

Important: if there is no central riser in the project, the wastewater will be discharged directly down the pipe, then it is prohibited to make a direct collector at 90 degrees from the premises to the basement. It is necessary to make two pipe drops of 45 degrees to avoid possible blockages with fecal debris. In addition, a sharp turn of the pipe by 90 degrees can create a lot of noise when draining wastewater into the sewer.

The room for installing the sewer pipe outlet should be arranged separately from all utility rooms. It would be nice to put a brick wall in the basement.

To connect the riser to an external sewer pipe, you need to form a hole in the foundation and equip it with a metal sleeve. It is needed to prevent pressure from the walls of the house on the sewer pipe. It is worth remembering that the sleeve should protrude from both sides of the foundation by 4-6 cm, and its diameter should exceed the diameter of the pipe by 2-3 cm. This will be a reserve for the seal.

External sewerage project

It remains to develop a project for the external collector. Here it is necessary to calculate the diameter of the pipeline and determine the depth of the collector. The latter depends on the level of soil freezing in the area and on its features, as well as on relief conditions. SNiP regulates that the minimum depth of sewer installation can be from 50 to 80 cm. The maximum depth parameter is 2.5 meters. At the same time, the sanitary standards stipulate that the owner or enterprise can themselves vary the depth of laying the collector depending on the climatic conditions of the region and in accordance with the existing experience in laying networks that have been successfully put into operation.

If it is not possible to deepen the collector into the ground below its freezing level, then it is advisable to insulate the pipeline at the stage of its installation.

Important: if the collector involves turns on the site, then inspection wells must be installed in these places in the project and in reality. If, due to the peculiarities of the terrain, it is not possible to lay a collector with a single slope and there is a need for sudden differences in the pipeline in height, then drop wells must be installed here.

It is also worth taking into account the level of pipe slope in the sewer network design. It is worth remembering here that the wider the diameter of the pipeline, the smaller the slope per 1 m of the collector can be. SNiP regulates for pipes with a diameter of up to 150 mm - a slope within 2-3 cm; for pipes with a diameter of 150-200 mm - slope 1-1.5 cm; with a pipe diameter of more than 200 mm, the slope can be 0.7-0.8 mm. Such standards help prevent blockages in the collector and the need to clean it.

The last point for collecting waste is the septic tank.

It remains to design the location of the wastewater treatment plant on the plan. This tank should ideally be sealed, regardless of whether the station is homemade or purchased ready-made.

For reliable operation of the septic tank, you need to calculate the volume of the storage chamber for its construction. This is done by simple mathematical calculations. The standard water consumption per person per day is 200 liters (according to SNiP). Now this number just needs to be multiplied by the number of people permanently living in the house. It is also worth adding to the calculations possible wastewater from all household appliances. The resulting number (volume of the septic tank) is always rounded up.

Also, when designing and constructing a wastewater treatment plant, it is necessary to take into account the location of its installation. Thus, SNiP regulates the following standards:

The wastewater storage tank must be located at a distance of 5 meters or more from the house;
Placement of the station from a well or borehole - 20 meters or more;
From the boundaries of the site, install a station for wastewater treatment - from 1 or more meters.

Important: if the groundwater in the area is located high, then the septic tank should only be sealed without installing filtration fields. Or it will be necessary to install a high-quality station that will purify wastewater by 98%.

Storm drain

This type of sewage system is no less important for a private home. After all, stormwater and snow water can destroy not only garden paths and vegetable crops, but also the foundation of a house after construction. Therefore, it is important to create a project and install such utility network with the removal of wastewater from the site.

Important: storm drains are not discharged into the septic tank. They must be discharged exclusively either into the ground outside the site, or into the nearest body of water, or into a drainage well.

You can make either an open system for draining storm water in a private house, or a closed storm drain. In the first case, these are simply trays located along the perimeter of the building at a slope and covered with gratings. Drains from the roof of the house will fall into the trays and flow away in a given direction by gravity.
With a closed storm drain, perforated pipes are laid to a depth of 1.5 meters. But it is better to entrust the design of such a network to professionals.

Video: sewer design

The system is one of the most important and expensive engineering communications of a private residential building. The efficiency of operation, the complexity of installation, the number and cost of elements of this system depend on the elaboration of the project. The graphic part of the design documentation, in accordance with which a sewer system is installed in a private house with your own hands - a diagram of the location of plumbing devices, connections and revisions. This article provides information about regulatory requirements and the main problems in drawing up layout diagrams, criteria for selecting sewerage equipment and features of its installation.

Read in the article

Rules for drawing up a sewerage diagram with your own hands in a private house

When drawing up a sewerage scheme, it is necessary to take into account regulatory requirements, both sanitary and construction:

TKP 45-4.01-51-2007“Water supply and sewerage systems for residential estates”;
SanPiN 42-128-4690-88“Sanitary rules for the maintenance of populated areas”;
SanPiN 4630“Sanitary rules and standards of protection surface waters from pollution";
SNiP 30-02-97“Planning and development of territories of gardening associations of citizens, buildings and structures.”

When determining the volume and capacity of sewer pipelines, it is necessary to focus on the average water consumption per person. Septic tanks and cesspools cannot be located closer than 4 m to the border of a neighbor’s property and 15 m to drinking water.

The diagram must describe the mechanism for connecting internal and external sewerage systems, the type and structure of the septic tank, what products and equipment will be used, and its technical parameters. Based on the list of materials used, the cost is calculated. The graphic part must be linked to the plan of the house and garden plot, where the places for laying pipelines and installing plumbing products will be indicated.

Key Factors Influencing Layout and Design

In addition to calculating the average daily water flow, the following factors influence the design of the sewerage scheme:

Volume of salvo release- peak load on the sewerage system (as a rule, occurs in the morning and evening hours), which depends on the number of plumbing fixtures installed in the house;
Wastewater treatment plant performance. Depending on this indicator, one of three options for removing treated wastewater is selected:

up to 5 m 3 /day – discharge into the soil. Provided that the soil filtration coefficient has comparable indicators, and the discharge point is above the level groundwater by 1 m;
up to 0.3 m 3 /day – periodic removal by special vehicle is allowed;
The discharge of wastewater into a reservoir is regulated not only by its quantity, but also by the degree of purification in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 4630.

M material for the manufacture of treatment facilities: , fiberglass, metal, various polymers ( , polyethylene). The design of the structure, installation method, further maintenance and operation depend on the technical characteristics of the material;
Providing power supply. Modern highly efficient treatment plants are equipped with various types of compressors and aerators. They are based on electronic control units to which temperature and liquid level detectors are connected;
Construction site topology– terrain, slope direction, proximity of water bodies and the presence of potential discharge sites for treated sewage water;
Geodesy of the construction site– the type and structure of the soil, the depth of its freezing, as well as the depth of groundwater are determined. The complexity and cost of installation work, the need for additional or the purchase of a sealed septic tank with a closed cleaning cycle depend on the listed factors.

Types of sewerage structures and features of their functioning

In accordance with TKP 45-4.01-51-2007, the following types of treatment structures are allowed to be used for the installation and installation of sewerage in a private house:

septic tank;
filter well;
underground filtration field;
filter trench;

Important! In most cases, the listed structures should be used in conjunction with a septic tank, which carries out primary rough cleaning.

Septic tank

The most common when arranging a sewer system for a private home with your own hands are two types of septic tanks:

Storage containers are sealed plastic containers. They are affordable, do not require connection to the power supply network, and can be installed in close proximity to sources/wells drinking water. A significant drawback is the need for constant pumping of wastewater, therefore, constant payment for sewerage services.

With soil purification. Primary treatment of sewage water is carried out in sealed containers, where large fecal fractions settle to the bottom and are exposed to anaerobic bacteria. “Clarified” wastewater, the degree of purification of which does not exceed 40%, is pumped forcibly or flows by gravity into filtration structures, from which, after the final stage of cleaning, it seeps into the ground.

Filter well

The wastewater entering the tank passes through a gravel filter and through it seeps to the bottom and perforated walls, and from there into the ground.

pipe;
Plate bumper;
Pipe for the flow of wastewater.

For arrangement, solid or perforated reinforced concrete rings with a height of 0.9 m, an internal diameter of at least 1.0 m and a wall thickness of 8 cm. The filter layer is medium-fraction gravel, which must be periodically removed, washed and returned to the container to avoid excessive soil contamination. The material used for making the walls is often large-diameter plastic (with holes in the masonry) or car tires. Such options are much cheaper, but significantly reduce the life of the structure.

Underground filtration field

The site is laid with perforated walls. Through them, wastewater is distributed over a large drainage area and is absorbed into the soil, passing more evenly and in small quantities through the gravel filter. This method involves a significant amount of excavation work. When determining the depth of the pit, it is necessary to take into account:

The thickness of the gravel filter is 20÷50 cm;
Diameter of perforated pipes - 20÷50 cm;
The distance from the ground surface to the upper edge of the filtration pipeline is 50 cm.

In addition, when forming the bottom of the pit, it is necessary to provide for a slope from the septic tank along the flow direction of 2 cm per linear meter. The distance between the pipes depends on the type of soil. For sand with a filtration coefficient of 5÷25 m/day, 2.5 m. For coarse sand filler with a filtration coefficient of 25÷100 m/day and a gravel filter with a filtration coefficient of 75÷300 m/day, the distance can be reduced to 2 m.

At the ends of filtration pipelines, it is imperative to install them with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of at least 70 cm above the ground surface.

Filter trench

A filter trench performs the same functions as an underground filtration field: collection of wastewater after a septic tank, its additional purification and discharge into the ground. A significant difference is the vertical arrangement of the pipes. This method is no less effective and can be implemented on a much smaller area. Allowed only in areas with a deep groundwater table, since the trench must also have significant depth.

The total length of the pipeline and the number of pipes and trench depth are calculated using the same methodology that is used for underground filtration fields. The width of the trench is assumed to be 0.5 m, the distance between the upper and lower pipes is 0.8÷1 m, the maximum length of the pipeline is 30 m. If it is necessary to construct 2 or more trenches, the distance between them must be at least 3 m.

Components of the WWTP scheme

The most effective for a private home are sewer systems related to deep biological treatment plants. They are sealed containers divided into several functional compartments. As a rule, they have a vertical orientation, can be installed with your own hands and do not take up much space. The principle of operation of such installations is the interaction of fecal matter and organic pollutants with anaerobic bacteria in an environment saturated with air using aeration installations.

Important! Biological treatment plants require some maintenance. First of all, it is necessary to maintain an optimal population of anaerobic bacteria by periodically adding a special concentrate to the appropriate compartment. Do not use overly aggressive products in everyday life chemical substances which can destroy bacteria. The installation must be connected to the power supply.

The cleaning process is carried out in stages:

In the first section, which occupies the largest volume, pollutants are separated into fractions. Heavy and insoluble substances sink to the bottom. This chamber must be periodically cleaned using a vacuum cleaner;
In the second section (aeration tank), wastewater is enriched with atmospheric oxygen using the aeration method. Here, the active phase of cleaning occurs using biological decomposition using bacteria;
In the third section - the settling tank, activated sludge is settled;
From the fourth section, where water is supplied by a jet pump from the secondary settling tank, completely purified water is discharged from the treatment device through an overflow pipe or drain pump.

Installation of internal sewerage in a private house - diagram and recommendations

Part internal sewerage includes the following elements;

Plumbing fixtures: , ;
Sewer riser and ventilation pipe attached to it;
Branch lines;
Check valve.

Horizontal pipelines are installed with a slope. When installing sewerage in a private house, the standard slope indicators are often neglected, doing it “by eye”, significantly exceeding the recommended coefficient. As a result, sewage solids do not have time to be washed out of the pipes along with water and accumulate inside, creating traffic jams.

Table of the dependence of the slope on the diameter of sewer pipes for a private house pipes

Diameter, mm	Optimal slope	Minimum permissible slope
50	0,035	0,025
100	0,02	0,012
150	0,01	0,007
200	0,008	0,003

The connection of branch pipelines to the riser is carried out using oblique tees and crosses. Installation of sewer pipes, utility and technical rooms may be carried out in an open manner. Fastening is carried out using special couplings with dowels, or the pipes are placed on supports. In residential premises, as a rule, hidden installation is performed. Sewage pipelines are located in technical niches and shafts, boxes, under the floor. To carry out maintenance - periodic cleaning, the main riser and sewer drain lines are equipped with inspections in accordance with the standards:

Sewer riser on the lower and upper floors of a private house;
Branch lines to which three or more plumbing fixtures are connected;
At pipeline bends (this is where solid insoluble waste residues most often accumulate);
On leprous horizontal sections every 8 m.

Video of installing a sewer system in a private house with your own hands, correct laying of pipes with a slope:

Which pipes to choose

The optimal pipe material for sewerage in a private home is polymers. Products made from them are light in weight and can be installed by hand without the assistance of assistants. The industry produces a large number of adapters, tees, crosses and couplings across the entire range of diameters used. Installation is carried out without the use of specialized equipment and does not require long training or special skills. The sample material is not susceptible to corrosion and the aggressive effects of household chemicals, and has a long service life. The following polymers are most often used for sewerage in a private home:

HDPE (high density polyethylene)- affordable, but sensitive to temperature changes. The maximum operating temperature should not exceed +40°C;
PP()– has good performance characteristics, maximum operating temperature is +100°C, withstands aggressive chemicals and significant mechanical stress, and has a fairly high cost;
PVC (polyvinyl chloride)- a material with an optimal combination of cost and quality. Can be used for both external and internal sewerage. Resistant to ultraviolet radiation, mechanical influences of medium intensity, temperatures up to +70°C. However, during long-term use, plaque may appear on the walls, which leads to clogging.

Pipe connection

The most common method of installing a plastic pipeline is a socket connection. It is performed if the pipe or fitting has a corresponding structural element - a socket. The connection process is as follows:

The bell and smooth end are cleaned of dirt;
It is inserted into a special recess inside the bell rubber compressor ensuring tightness of joints;
Lubricate the smooth end of the other pipe with silicone grease or ordinary liquid soap, after which it can be easily inserted into the socket until it stops;

Important! It is necessary to provide for the possibility of thermal expansion. To do this, a mark is made on the smooth part of the pipe with a marker, after which it is pulled out 1 cm from the socket.

Stages of work on installing a sewer system in a private house with your own hands

The sequence of arranging the sewer system of a private house can be divided into several stages:

Determination of the amount of wastewater, volume and productivity of the septic tank;
Determining the location of the septic tank on a personal plot in accordance with sanitary standards;
Installation of an internal sewer network;
Installation of external treatment facilities;
Laying pipelines and connections for external treatment facilities and internal sewerage.

Calculation of septic tank volume

Table of water consumption standards for a private residential building.

Type of housing and type of life activity	Consumption, l/day per person
Residential building equipped with running water and sewerage system without bathtub	125÷160
A residential building equipped with a water supply and sewerage system with a bathroom and local	160÷230
Residential building equipped with a sewerage system and a centralized hot water supply system	230÷350
Taking a shower (average 15 min)	150
Using the toilet	8
Usage	40÷70
Usage	15

The calculation formula is as follows:

V = n × Q × 3 / 1000 , Where

V – volume of the septic tank in m3;

n – number of permanent residents;

Q – average water consumption per person in m3;

3 – number of days of a complete cleaning cycle (according to SNiP).

For example, with an average consumption of 0.2 m 3 / person / day, taking into account a three-day reservation, for a family of 4 people you will need a septic tank with a volume of 2.4 m 3. To make calculations easier, we have developed a convenient calculator especially for our readers.

Table of the volume of domestic waste per 1 m 2 of the filtering surface of the well:

Composition of the filtrate	Maximum volume of treated sewage, m 3 /day on 1 m 2 filter surface
Composition of the filtrate	For year-round use of a private residential building	During seasonal use of a country house
Gravel, crushed stone	0.15÷0.20	0.18÷0.24
Coarse sand	0.10÷0.15	0.12÷0.18
	0.05÷0.10	0.06÷0.12

Table of the volume of household waste per 1 linear meter of underground filtration field pipeline:

Composition of the filtrate	Maximum volume of treated sewage, m 3 /day per 1 linear meter of drainage pipeline
Composition of the filtrate	Up to 500	500÷600	More than 600
Gravel, crushed stone, coarse sand	0.012÷0.025	0.0096÷0.0225	0.0084÷0.02
Fine sand, sandy loam	0.006÷0.020	0.0048÷0.18	0.0042÷0.016

Table of the volume of domestic waste per 1 linear meter of filtration trench pipeline.

Do-it-yourself internal sewerage wiring in a private house

The efficiency of the sewer system of a private house, as well as the ease of arranging it with your own hands, depends on the layout of the entire structure. It is considered optimal if the kitchen and bathroom are located as close to each other as possible; this minimizes the length of the sewer pipeline and allows you to connect all plumbing fixtures to one riser. When installing the internal sewage system of a private house with your own hands, you must consider the following factors:

must be connected directly to the main riser of the sewer system at a minimum possible distance from the pipe, this will reduce the likelihood of blockage of the plumbing fixture;
It is recommended to connect other plumbing fixtures to the sewer network above the level of the toilet connection, this will eliminate the possibility of fecal matter getting into the drain lines;
The pipeline must be rotated using several angle bends. For example, two at 45° or three at 30°, this will provide a smoother turn and avoid clogging;
The sewer riser must be led to the roof, where a fan hood is mounted on it, providing a sewer system inside;
The maximum distance for connecting plumbing fixtures to the riser should not exceed 3 m, and for the toilet 1 m.

Installation and equipment of a sewerage tank

To install a septic tank, regardless of its model, a pit is dug with dimensions slightly larger than the dimensions of the tank. A sand cushion about 10 cm thick is placed at the bottom of the pit. It is compacted and leveled as much as possible. To install septic tanks in a pit, it is recommended to use lifting construction equipment, since some models have quite a significant weight. In most cases, fastening elements are provided on the housing. After installation, the container must be leveled. Depending on the design, it may be necessary to install neck extensions.

Article

Today it is impossible to imagine building a house without taking into account water supply and sewerage. But long before the construction of these systems, a water supply and sewerage project for a private house must be completed, according to which installation work will be carried out.

You also need to draw up an estimate for the construction of water supply and sewerage systems. The estimate, of course, will decipher the price of sewerage for a private house, as well as detail all the necessary materials for construction.

It is necessary to carry out design of water supply and sewerage in order to protect the water supply system from the penetration of contaminated sewerage water into it if an emergency situation suddenly arises.

It is a sewerage project - a drawing that schematically depicts all the nuances of construction work.

When developing a sewerage and water supply project, you must adhere to the following conditions:

These are the basic conditions for the construction of water supply and sewerage systems. But you need to know that these systems are life support engineering structures, so it is better to buy high-quality materials for construction.

The most difficult thing is to draw up a project correctly, so it is better to leave such work to a specialist. But you can install the water supply yourself. There are several rules for this:

It is advisable to install internal water supply and sewerage using plastic pipes. Thanks to plastic pipes installation work will be simplified as much as possible.

Types of sewerage

Nowadays it is difficult to imagine your home without sewerage, and there are several types of sewerage systems. All types of sewers for a private home have their own purpose and perform certain functions.

Types of sewerage:

These are the main types of sewers for a private home, but there are also subtypes of sewers.

Subtypes of sewers:

Outdoor. This sewer system performs the function of removing wastewater from the internal sewer system and moving it to treatment facilities. These include: local treatment facilities, wells, septic tanks, pumping substations.

In turn, external sewerage is divided into:

Pressure. It removes wastewater forcibly using special pumps.
Non-pressure. It removes wastewater by gravity, thanks to different heights of the pipeline.

Internal sewerage. Performs the function of collecting internal wastewater and then moving it to treatment facilities. It collects wastewater using sanitary fixtures and water intake piping systems.

There are many types of sewer systems. But it is worth noting that no matter what system is chosen, it is imperative to adhere to the norms and requirements of SNiP.

If you are confident that you will be able to build a sewer system yourself, then you can use the services of specialized companies. Naturally, it will require significant material costs, but there will be a high-quality sewer system.

Self-installation of sewerage

In this section, you need to figure out how to install a sewer system in a private house so that it serves for a long time and without interruption.

To perform installation work yourself you need:

Be able to read and understand designs, diagrams and all kinds of drawings.
Have at least a basic understanding of technology and materials.
Be able to use instruments that measure slope, level, and also need to be able to use power tools.

If you are optimistic, then everything will work out. The other side of construction is how much it costs to install a sewer system in a private house, and whether it will be possible to save on the construction of systems.

I would like to note that it is better not to skimp on building materials for the sewer system, because this capital construction is carried out once and for many years.

Therefore, it is better to buy high-quality materials so that you do not have to spend money on unscheduled repairs in the near future.

Internal sewerage

Before you start installing a sewer system, you need to figure out how to install a sewer system in a private house, and what principles exist for installing an internal sewer system.

Laying begins with the execution of work on and installation of communications.

Internal sewerage includes the following elements:

Sewer riser.
Sewage pipes.
Toilet.
Wash basin.
Bath.
Drain barrel.
Fan pipe.

Basic principles of internal wiring:

If you adhere to these principles and comply with all the norms and requirements regulated by SNiP, then installing a sewer system in a private house will not be difficult and will serve for a long time and without interruption.

External sewerage

The arrangement of external sewerage consists of laying sewer networks from the premises to the treatment facilities. You can install sewerage in a private house yourself, without requiring outside help.

To install an external sewer system, you need to perform a number of installation works:

First you need to dig a trench the length of the entire area. However, the depth of the trench will directly depend on local climatic conditions.
If the trench depth is no more than 70 cm, then it will be necessary to insulate the pipeline.
It is necessary to maintain the required angle of inclination so that contaminated liquids are discharged into the storage tank by gravity.
The length of external sewerage is calculated for each private house individually.
The pipeline network must be brought to the installation site of storage structures or tanks.

Please note that storage devices should be located as far away from the home as possible. This is necessary to avoid groundwater contamination and flooding of the soil near the house.

Connection to city sewerage

When building a sewer system in a private house, the price for the work is an important element. Of course, if it is possible to connect the sewer system of a private house to the city sewer system, then you should definitely take advantage of it.

To connect to the city sewer you need to do the following:

It is necessary to invite an employee of the land committee to create a site plan and mark the house and the route for laying the sewer system on it.
Register a development application technical specifications for sewerage equipment.
Then enter into an agreement with a design organization that will develop a project for connecting the sewerage system to the city system.
Next, approve the project with the architect and the water utility company.
Then you need to obtain permission from the architect for the company that will perform installation work to connect the sewerage system to the city system.
Equally important is obtaining written consent from neighbors to connect to the central sewer system of a private house, which will pass near neighboring houses.
Before starting installation work, you must notify the water utility in writing.
And as a final result, the water utility must accept the project and enter into an agreement for wastewater collection services.

This is such a difficult procedure for connecting the sewerage system to the central system. It takes a lot of time and nerves to obtain all the necessary notifications, confirmations and permits, but there are no other options for connecting to the city system yet.

Drainage from the house

When carrying out construction work to install a sewer system, it is important not only to know how, but also how to remove the sewer system from a private house correctly.

In order for the sewerage system to be drained correctly in a private house, the pipeline outlet through the foundation must be planned in advance. If such an exit was not provided for in the foundation, then it will still have to be made. The diameter of the punched opening for the pipeline must be of such a size that the free gap around the pipe is at least 200 mm.

As practice shows, sewerage is introduced into the house at a depth of 0.5-0.7
m. When deciding how to remove the sewer from a private house, you must definitely take into account the maximum protection of the pipeline. To do this, a sleeve is mounted at the site of the opening from the foundation, the diameter of which is significantly more pipe. This condition is important for the formation of free space between two surfaces.

In general, installing a sewer system in a private house is not difficult, even on your own. But in any case, having basic skills in electrical work will not hurt.

The movement of city residents into private houses is not a widespread phenomenon, but it is stable and increasingly frequent. This is understandable. Many people prefer to exchange the harsh rhythm of the metropolis with its continuous bustle and mechanical routine for a quiet country life in a calmer and more comfortable atmosphere. However, the city lifestyle with its high quality standards, it becomes the norm and migrates along with the city dwellers to the countryside they inhabit.

The level of comfort of living conditions is influenced by the arrangement of the territory, the type of house, the presence of access roads to it, as well as communication and life support systems. The latter include power supply, drainage and sewerage systems, heating, and water supply.

It is the design of the heating and water supply of a private house that primarily determines how cozy and comfortable it is to live in the countryside.

Competent design and professional implementation technical ideas give everyone the opportunity, living in the lap of nature, to enjoy the benefits of civilization.

One of key places Among other communication systems, the water supply system of a private house is occupied. And it needs to be arranged especially carefully.

The key to success in achieving this goal is a competent design of water supply and sewerage for a private home.

25 mm if the pipeline is up to 30 m in length;
32 mm, if the pipeline length is more than 30 m;
22 mm if the pipeline length does not exceed 10 m.

Water supply project for a private house from a central water supply - features

Household water supply is arranged in several ways depending on the water sources. Centralized is established only if there is a highway near the building.

The house is connected to the water supply by a control organization, which the homeowner contacts through the relevant district administration.

Here he is provided with a diagram of the water supply of the building, which includes data on the location of connection to the central water supply, sewerage, technical specifications this place, about the depth of the water supply system and the diameter of its components. The guaranteed water pressure is also indicated.

Such a water supply scheme, as the practice of homeowners shows, has its drawbacks.

For example, during operation, water pressure may drop abruptly or be below normal from the very beginning, preventing the system from functioning normally.

In addition, water from the central water supply often contains various additives, which include chlorine. Another inconvenience of such a system is the inability to receive water in the house if technical work is carried out on the main line until it is completed.

Residents pay for water supply and sewerage every month, based on meter readings. But centralized system This is convenient because in the event of a power outage, water will still flow into the building.

Which autonomous system to choose - with a well or a borehole?

A well is constructed when the water in it is suitable for drinking. This is obtained from a depth in the soil from 4 to 15 m.

water flows into the home in any case, even if the equipment fails - you can collect water in containers or buckets suitable for it;
service life - an equipped well is used for at least 50 years;
affordable cost of construction, which in the case of a well is much more expensive.

As you can see, the decisive factor when choosing a water supply source is the size of the budget for water supply facilities.

The price of a well is influenced by: drilling method, type of structure, the possibility or impossibility of using productive equipment during drilling and other factors.

As a rule, a well is drilled using special equipment, and the trenches for the pipes are dug by the site owners or contractor employees.

Before you finally decide whether to choose a well or a well for country water supply, talk to your neighbors and local residents.

Try the waters of those who live nearby. If most of the homeowners in the area use a well, it is probably locally feasible, economical, and reasonably effective.

If you decide to build a well, you should know some drilling features. There are two types of wells - artesian or “limestone” and “sand”. The choice of design for arrangement is determined by the depth of the aquifer and its type.

Drilling a well “on sand” - features

When drilling a well “into sand”, they use the upper layers of the “sandy aquifer”, which lies under the loam that filters groundwater.

When the water in the house is turned on, when residents open the faucet in the kitchen or bathroom, the water pressure in the system decreases. The control relay is usually activated when a value of 2.2 bar is reached, turning on the pump, which begins to pump water again.

Water continues to flow into the system until the pressure reaches 3 bar. In this case, the relay is activated again and the pump is turned off.

The surest way is to visually observe the volume of dew and its presence at 4-5 am for six months. Based on a summary of such observations and a diagram, you can find out exactly where more moisture accumulates. It is in this place that the well should be built.

When choosing a water intake point, sanitary restrictions must also be taken into account. At a distance of 50 m from the well there should be no compost heaps, cesspools, sewage drains, toilets or other pollution.

They continue to dig the hole until the depth again reaches the height of the ring. The soil placed in the container is lifted up. Having reached the desired depth, the first ring is lowered, fixing the second ring to its end with staples.

At a depth of 0.4 m and at a distance of 1.5 m from the concrete rings, a clay castle is built near a water source. Its standard thickness is half a meter. A clay castle allows you to protect the well from rain and groundwater entering the source.

Then a pressure gauge is connected to the equipment, which reacts to the pressure of a relay and other devices. A pipe is inserted into the collector, which distributes water to consumers. The final work involves laying the wiring inside the house - room by room.

Features of well construction

When choosing a water source, in this case the same restrictions as outlined above are taken into account. The main difference is that the well can be installed directly next to the house.

The cost of a water supply project for a private home is higher in this case. Drilling a well will cost approximately 2-3 thousand rubles per square meter.

The amount of payment is influenced by the remoteness of the site, the types of elements, pipes, equipment used, the presence of quicksand in the ground and other factors. To save money, some drill a well on their own.

Self-drilling a well. To drill a well, you will need a tripod, a core and a lift. The tripod is mounted above the intended water intake location.

First, a 1-1.5 m deepening is made using a pin drill, removing the outer soil layer. A casing pipe with teeth is placed into the resulting hole. A well is drilled for her until a good water carrier appears. Everything that penetrates it first can be passed through.

Having found a suitable layer, a zinc-coated water pipe with a filter installed at its end is placed in the casing pipe. The segments of elements are connected using a coupling, and the joint areas are well coated with sealant. Next, the casing pipe is removed.

Installation of equipment. There are two installation methods - with equipment above a warm utility well or with the installation of a caisson. The second method is quite popular.

In this case, dig the pipe at a depth of 2.5 m so that the diameter is twice the diameter of the caisson. A concrete cushion is poured onto the bottom so that its thickness is at least 0.2 m. Such a cushion bears the load from the caisson.

The borehole pipe is cut so that it protrudes into the caisson by 0.5 m. At a depth of about 2 m, a trench is dug into which the water pipe is placed. Water will be transported through it to the home. A hydraulic accumulator is installed inside a warm room.

The pump is fixed inside the caisson, then connected to the drainage system. After installing the control unit and filters, the caisson is poured around the perimeter with a concrete solution approximately 0.4 m thick. When the concrete hardens, the remaining space is filled with a mixture of cement and sand, leaving approximately 0.5 m to the top, after which the soil is laid. All this provides high-quality protection for the caisson in case of frost.

Distribution of water inside the building. When water is brought into the house, it becomes possible to distribute it indoors. An important stage of work is the installation of water heating equipment. The choice of devices of this type today is wide.

A good option might be a 2-circuit gas boiler. One outlet is used to heat water in the heating system, the second - for household needs. Cold water supplied from the pump to the boiler. There is an outlet from the boiler with hot water connected to the collector.

The collector distributes the water resource throughout the building. The boiler can also be single-circuit. This is how water is heated only for domestic needs. Electric or gas boilers are used.

A storage water heater powered by electricity is often installed. Cottages sometimes have more than one instantaneous heater installed. After installing a water supply system in a private house, you need to arrange sewerage and drainage.

How much does a private home water supply project cost?

Choice matters pumping equipment. Pump power is not the only criterion by which they are selected.

After all, he does not know the features of the object and all the customer’s requirements in order to immediately accurately answer the client’s question.

Understanding how important it is for homeowners to calculate the design budget in advance, we invite you to familiarize yourself with the approximate prices for design services given on this page, as well as examples of water supply projects for a private home, drawings.

Based on the list and standard cost of work, you can approximately estimate how much the design will cost. To obtain accurate information on the types and prices of required services, contact the specialists of a local company.

Decide to order a water supply project for a private home from professionals!

When designing a private house, it is very important to correctly and clearly calculate and design water supply and sewerage systems. The sewerage diagram of a private house shows in which places it is necessary to place all the elements of the sewer system for its smooth functioning. Based on the diagram, a sewerage project is drawn up, where accurate calculations are made.

Private sewer network diagram

The general scheme of the sewer network consists of several fragments:

Diagram of the internal part of the sewer system located directly in the house.
Diagram of the external part of the system carrying wastewater from the house to the place of disposal (if drainage into a cesspool is used) or treatment (if an autonomous sewer network is provided and a treatment facility is used -).

Scheme of private internal sewerage

The internal part of the sewerage scheme in a private house is developed based on the placement of plumbing products (toilets, bathtubs, sinks) and technical equipment that discharges wastewater (for example, a washing machine).

When constructing a diagram, it is important to consider:

the location of all nodes of the sewer system. The smaller the distance between objects, the less expenses will have to be incurred on the purchase of components and their installation. In single-story construction, it is advisable to equip no more than one central riser to which all equipment is connected. If you plan to build a house with two or more floors, then one central riser may not be enough;
volume of wastewater. The standards stipulate that no more than 200 liters of water are required per person per day. Naturally, this same volume of liquid will need to be disposed of;
a place to install a vent riser, which prevents the appearance of unpleasant odors and strong pressure drops in wastewater in the pipes in the house.

Scheme of the outer part of the sewer

When constructing a diagram of the outer part of the sewer system, the following is taken into account:

A clear diagram of the sewer system will allow you to correctly draw up its project.

Private sewer network project

After drawing up a plan diagram of a private sewer system, you can begin designing the network. A sewerage project in a private house is aimed not only at choosing the location of individual network elements, but also at calculations aimed at maximizing the performance of the system.

Private internal sewerage project

To correctly draw up a project for the interior of the sewer system, you need to:

Calculate the diameter of the pipes of the central sewer riser and pipelines that drain waste water from household appliances and plumbing elements. Typically, pipes with a diameter of at least 100 mm are used for the central riser, toilet and bathtub. For technical elements, as well as kitchen sinks and washbasins, pipes with a diameter of 50 mm are suitable.
Calculate the slope of the pipeline so that waste water flows by gravity into the central sewer riser. In an ordinary house, 2 mm is enough for every 2 m of pipes;
Calculate the diameter of the fan pipe. Often the fan riser is mounted from pipes with a diameter of 50 mm.

External sewer project

External sewerage in a private house must also comply with the established rules: the standards for it are regulated by special documents - SNiPs. In addition, drafting external network sewerage depends on the choice of the system itself. It can be autonomous and use individual waste water treatment systems and provide for the presence of, or connected to an existing central system.

In any case, when designing, you need to take into account:

Length and shape of the pipeline. The shorter the length of the conductive pipes, the less materials will be required. If a cesspool is provided, then it is better to locate it at some distance from the house, but so that it can be easily cleaned with specialized equipment. The quantity depends on the shape of the pipeline sewer wells which are recommended to be installed in places where pipes turn and where pipes branch;
The depth of soil freezing and the depth of groundwater. If it is not possible to lay pipes and the necessary elements of the external sewer network below the freezing level, then all components must be additionally insulated;
Relief of a personal plot. If it is possible to lay a gravity-flow sewer network, then installation will not be required additional equipment in the form of pumps or pumping stations. To properly install a gravity sewer, you need to calculate the slope of the pipeline network. In most cases, it is necessary and sufficient to make a slope of 2 mm for every 2 m of the pipeline.

It is more expedient to carry out all calculations and design work with the assistance of qualified specialists. This will help avoid various mistakes and ensure normal operation of the sewer system.

Before you begin installing a private sewer network, you need to develop a project, calculate the main indicators, and then purchase the necessary materials.