Of course, a modern house with a stove is an anachronism. A thrifty owner installs a comprehensive, economical heating system.
However, what could be better than sitting in front of the fireplace on a cold evening or taking a steam bath in a Russian bath? But a fireplace and a good stove in a Russian bath cannot do without stove pipes and chimneys. This equipment will also be relevant in the construction of stationary grills and barbecues. The design of chimneys and chimneys is quite simple, but has some nuances.
Stove pipes and chimneys can be divided into several large groups depending on the material they are made of. So they can be made using brickwork, from metal pipes various types, as well as from multilayer materials.
In addition, stove chimneys may differ in the way they are installed:
- Wall chimneys are mounted directly into the thickness of the walls of the building, external or internal. In this case, stoves and fireplaces can also be installed directly in the walls of buildings.
- Suspended chimneys are mounted on the external walls of buildings.
- There are also main chimneys. Such structures are mounted separately, next to the stove.
SNiP requirements for stove pipes and chimneys
Existing SNiPs impose certain requirements on chimneys and chimneys under construction:
- They must effectively remove combustion products.
- They must have sufficient height above the roof ridge.
- Their internal cross-section must be sufficient to completely remove smoke.
- Pipes must be resistant to high temperatures.
- They must be durable, the upper part of the chimney must withstand gusts of wind
Let's start with the height of the chimney pipe. A sufficient chimney height ensures good draft and effectively removes combustion products, preventing the room from becoming smoky and maintaining draft. However, excessive pipe height can lead to condensation and reduced draft.
The diameter of the chimney or its internal cross-section is calculated based on the size of the firebox. It increases with the volume of the combustion space, in proportion to it. An insufficient cross-section of the chimney leads to smoke, but an excessive diameter will, on the contrary, lead to a decrease in draft.
What should the chimney be made of, what materials are prohibited from being used?
The main requirement for the material for the manufacture of chimney stove pipes is heat resistance. Minimum threshold The fire safety of chimney pipe material is determined at 30 minutes and 1000 degrees. In constant operation, the pipe material must withstand temperatures of 500 degrees without damage, since the temperature of combustion products rarely drops below 300 degrees.
The reserve of 200 degrees is due to the fact that soot accumulating in pipes has a tendency to spontaneous combustion.
Strict requirements are also imposed on thermal conductivity. The temperature of the outer layer of chimney pipes should not exceed 90 degrees, and in places where they interface with flammable structures - no higher than 65 degrees.
We especially note that combustion materials have aggressive chemical composition and the material from which the pipes are made stove chimneys must effectively withstand harsh chemical environments. In addition, the part of the pipe extending outside the premises is exposed to climatic conditions and must not be destroyed due to temperature changes.
The traditional material for making chimneys is refractory brick. It almost perfectly meets all the requirements for chimney pipe materials. However, the construction of brick chimneys and chimneys requires certain skills.
In addition, the brick must be individually selected for each heating device. So in stoves, the temperature of combustion products is usually kept at 250 degrees, but in fireplaces, when exposed to direct fire, it can reach 400 degrees. Thus, it is recommended to make the walls of a brick chimney for a fireplace from fireclay bricks, laying a wall thickness of more than 15 centimeters with seams of 5 mm. This significantly increases the cost of manufacturing chimney pipes for fireplaces, as well as the requirements for the strength characteristics of the foundations under the fireplace.
Chimneys and chimneys made of asbestos cement
Asbestos-cement pipes are a relatively cheap but also reliable material for the manufacture of chimney pipes. They can be used for the construction of chimneys in stationary barbecues, light buildings, and baths. When installing such pipes, special attention should be paid to areas where they interface with flammable materials, since an asbestos-cement pipe may crack during service.
Stainless steel chimneys
As a rule, stove chimneys made of stainless metal can be used in the construction of heating systems with gas boilers. Such a pipe becomes very hot from the passage of combustion products and therefore it must be reliably equipped. In addition, it is necessary to pay special attention to the quality of the pipe from which the chimney is made. Thin stainless metal, especially in low-quality pipes, can develop cracks, which can easily cause a fire.
Also, a disadvantage of this pipe model is the strong formation of condensate on their surface.
Pipes and chimneys made of multilayer composite materials
New models of pipes, also called “sandwich pipes,” appeared on the market relatively recently, but have already proven themselves well. Multilayer pipes are manufactured in industrial conditions, usually in the form of meter-long sections; during installation, the chimneys simply need to be connected. Such a pipe is reliable in terms of strength and is highly resistant to high temperatures and aggressive chemical environments.
Typically, a sandwich pipe has three layers. The inner surface is made from of stainless steel, the upper one is made of galvanized steel. Insulating material is placed between them.
Such a pipe is light in weight and quite undemanding for installation. It does not put a lot of stress on the oven. As a disadvantage, we can note the high cost of such structures and a relatively short service life. However, the time of trouble-free operation of a sandwich pipe depends on the specific manufacturer. During operation, such a pipe is subject to thermal deformation, which can compromise its integrity.
Multilayer pipes may have a different composition. So the inner part can be made of refractory clay, and basalt wool can be placed between it and the upper shell of lightweight concrete. This configuration of multilayer pipes significantly increases their service life. In addition, various decorative coatings can be glued to the outer part of such a pipe.
Modular chimneys
Modern industry offers ready-made construction kits for self-installation of chimney stove pipes. All components are manufactured at industrial plants and then easily assembled at the installation site.
How to arrange a chimney passage through the roof?
1 - chimney chimney, 2 - rafter leg, 3 - fireproof thermal insulation material, 4 - load-bearing beam
Typically, the installation of chimney pipes is carried out during the construction of a building or structure, simultaneously with the installation of a furnace or heating system.
With this approach, you can easily adjust the relative position of the rafters to the chimney and create the necessary gaps between the wooden materials and the chimney. They must leave at least 15 centimeters and are laid with fireproof material, such as basalt wool.
When building a stove or fireplace, when calculating its foundation, it is necessary to take into account the weight of the chimney pipe.
The upper part of the pipe can be equipped with a protective device that prevents sparks from flying away on one side, and rain from entering the pipe on the other.
Laying a brick chimney - training video
Chimney – required element any heating system that emits combustion products during operation. A draft is created in the pipe, on the one hand providing an influx of oxygen into the firebox, which is necessary to maintain the combustion process, and on the other hand, facilitating the removal of smoke and gases to the outside. In long-burning stoves, the installation and operation of the chimney is carried out according to standard rules, although it has some features.
Of all the variety of metal ovens, installations with a long combustion function (convection ovens) are in great demand and popularity. Such ovens are easy to use and very economical. They are equally well suited for small country houses, multi-storey private houses, workshops, warehouses, etc.
The main features of such furnaces include:
- Increased volume of the firebox, accommodating a large amount of firewood.
- Dividing the firebox into two chambers that perform different functions. Gas is burned in one, wood is smoldering in the other.
- The presence of a special bumper inside the firebox that prevents the open flame from engulfing the chimney.
The combustion process itself is radically different from the operation of an ordinary metal furnace. The firewood is ignited in the upper part of the firebox, and air is supplied here. The supply volume is regulated by a damper. The fire spreads downward, and the intensity of the flame cannot be called strong; the process is more like smoldering.
As the wood smolders, pyrolysis gas is also released, which moves into a separate chamber of the firebox, mixes with air and also burns, further increasing the efficiency of the installation.
During operation of a long-burning stove, less heat is generated, allowing the room temperature to be maintained at the same level. Much less firewood is consumed, and the combustion products entering the chimney have a low concentration of harmful substances.
Buleryan stove: advantages and disadvantages
Bullerjan is one of the types of long-burning stoves that operates on the principle of convection.
The design was developed by Canadian inventor Eric Darnell in 1975, after which the rights to the patent were purchased by German businessmen who launched serial production of stoves under this brand.
The stove combines the functionality of a standard wood-burning firebox, air heater and gas generator. Buleryan is able to work in two modes:
- Kindling. More air is supplied to burning wood, which contributes to its rapid combustion and accelerated heating of the room.
- Gasification. The oxygen supply is reduced to a minimum. The firewood gradually smolders, and the room warms up more slowly. In this operating mode, one stack of firewood will be enough for 10-12 hours of continuous operation.
Stove heating, although becoming a thing of the past, is still quite relevant in our time. Stoves are still used in baths and saunas, and fireplaces are increasingly installed in private homes. That is why installing a chimney on the roof requires a special approach and attention.
Types of chimney pipes
Chimneys can be made of metal, brick, asbestos cement and sandwich pipes.
Depending on the location of installation, chimneys can be classified into:
- wall In this case, the pipe is located in the main wall of the house, regardless of whether it is internal or external;
- mounted - the pipe is mounted directly on the stove and is brought out strictly vertically;
- suspended - the chimney is fixed externally to the wall using brackets or other fasteners;
- indigenous. In this case, the chimney is a free-standing structure.
Requirements for chimneys
The chimney must meet certain parameters:
The height of the chimney above the roof must not be lower than a certain level, since it is this parameter that largely affects the traction force. But more does not mean better, since if it is excessive, hot gases begin to cool sharply, causing condensation to form on the inner walls of the chimney.
The cross-section of the pipe must correspond to the dimensions of the firebox. The larger it is, the stronger fire and thus more smoke. For its unhindered passage, it is necessary to organize a larger cross-section of the chimney pipe. If the size is insufficient, smoke begins to enter the room. If the pipe has a cross-section much larger than the firebox, then this leads to a decrease in traction force and an increase in the amount of condensate on the walls. At high level Due to the heat transfer of the pipe, the smoke rising through it cools very quickly, which leads to a decrease in draft.
Installing a chimney on the roof
Before starting work on arranging a chimney, it is necessary to decide on the material, the main requirement for which is resistance to high temperatures. So, the inner surface of the pipe must be able to withstand heat of 1000 degrees for 30 minutes and 500 degrees with a constant fire. The gases rising up the pipe can have a much lower temperature (about 300 degrees).
A reserve of heat resistance is necessary so that the chimney is able to withstand the ignition of soot deposited on the walls of the pipe. The outer part of the chimney should not heat above 90 degrees, and in places where it passes through highly flammable structures ( roofing pie) - no more than 65 degrees. The furnace seal must be airtight and fireproof.
Chimney pipes must maintain their strength even at high temperatures. Thus, according to fire safety standards, in the event of a fire inside the house, the strength of the chimney must remain unchanged for 1.5 hours. In addition to resistance to temperatures, the material must be impervious to the effects of smoke. And that part of the chimney that rises above the roof must be resistant to negative temperatures.
All these requirements can be met by a material such as brick. That is why it has long been used for the construction of stove chimneys. But bricklaying can sometimes be difficult and not every home owner can do this type of work on their own. Moreover, here it is necessary to apply knowledge not only of brick, but also of kiln work.
It should be noted that pipes to fireplaces and cooking stoves may differ in the degree of heating. In chimneys, the air and walls can warm up to 250-300 degrees, while in a fireplace this figure reaches 400 degrees. Therefore, to organize a fireplace chimney, it is necessary to use heat-resistant bricks made of fireclay clay. The wall thickness should not be less than 15 cm, and the seams should not be less than 5 mm. Because of this, the cost of building a chimney for a fireplace can increase significantly. In addition, the weight of the resulting structure also increases, which entails the need to lay a stronger foundation.
Stainless steel chimney
The modern one is widely used when installing gas boilers and in saunas. According to fire regulations, such chimneys must be insulated with material resistant to high temperatures, since the surface of the pipe becomes very hot and can cause a fire. In addition, the steel is quite thin, which does not allow the pipes to withstand high temperatures for a long time. This is the main reason for the frequent breakdown of such chimneys.
Despite the fact that the internal surface of such chimneys is quite smooth and provides good protection from the accumulation of slag, condensation often forms in it, which over time can lead to corrosion of the material. In addition, the material of such pipes is too thin to withstand high temperatures for a long time. Therefore, such pipes fail quite quickly. Also happens in them copious discharge condensation, as the smoke cools quickly.
Sandwich pipe
Today, the use of double-wall pipes is becoming increasingly popular. Sandwich chimneys are manufactured in factories, which allows for strict control of product quality, and they are installed without any particular difficulties. Such chimneys are highly reliable and fireproof. In addition, they cope well with aggressive environments.
The internal chimney pipe is made of stainless steel. It is wrapped in a layer of thermal insulation, which in turn is protected by galvanized steel. Such a chimney is installed in sections one meter long. The advantages of sandwich pipes include speed of assembly and ease. Thanks to its low weight, it is possible to save money on building a foundation for the furnace. Also, a chimney requires minimal time and effort. In addition, the pipe has different diameters, which allows you to select the required sandwich chimney for a specific firebox.
The disadvantages of such structures include high cost, short service life and insufficient sealing of the chimney on the roof. When temperatures change, the internal parts can move relative to each other, which leads to depressurization of the casing, and this can cause a fire. Manufacturers guarantee that sandwich chimneys can last up to 10 years.
We cannot imagine a home without heating. Our concept of comfort unconditionally includes suitable temperature regime. There is no central heating in a private house, and every owner has a heating problem.
We welcome our regular reader and bring to his attention an article about chimneys for stoves - an absolutely necessary component of any heating system, be it a stove, a modern fireplace or a boiler with automatic fuel supply.
A chimney is a vertically located pipe that discharges hot flue gases of fuel in a heating unit into the atmosphere to a height sufficient to create draft in the duct and disperse toxic combustion products away from windows and ventilation ducts.
Principle of operation
The principle of operation of chimneys is based on the phenomenon of expansion of hot gases, reducing their density and, accordingly, the rise of lighter gases upward.
Flue gases rise upward, a vacuum is formed in the firebox and colder air is sucked in - a draft phenomenon occurs.
How the chimney works
The main part of any chimney is a vertical pipe structure. Structurally different from modern prefabricated counterparts made from ready-made factory-made modules.
Traditional brick pipe includes the following elements: a neck for connecting to the furnace, a riser with valves, a slope, an otter, a neck (at the point of passage through the roof), a headband, and sometimes a metal cap.
Homemade chimneys made of metal or asbestos cement include pipes, caps, adapters for connecting to the stove, and insulation.
The most modern types of chimneys are ceramic and made of. The ceramic structure consists of an external expanded clay concrete frame, an internal prefabricated ceramic pipe, and a layer of insulation between them. The ceramic and sandwich structure itself includes the following blocks: straight blocks for collecting condensate, tees, modules for cleaning, transition elements for connecting heating units. An integral part of a modern chimney is the deflector.
Types and designs
The design features of the chimney primarily depend on the material from which they are made.
According to the material, chimneys are:
- brick;
- reinforced concrete (usually industrial);
- asbestos-cement;
- of steel;
- ceramic;
- three-layer metal - two layers of steel with mineral wool insulation between them.
By design, chimneys are:
- indigenous - the structure has its own foundation;
- wall, built-in load-bearing walls building;
- mounted - light pipes are mounted on a vertically located outlet pipe of a boiler or fireplace (and potbelly stove);
- Often lightweight structures are simply suspended from the supporting structures of the building;
- coaxial - arranged on the “pipe-in-pipe” principle. The most common example is horizontal gas vents of gas heating boilers. It is used in devices with a closed combustion chamber and ensures maximum safety for residents. Save fuel consumption. Recently, vertical structures of the Shidel system have appeared, taking combustion air from the roof of the house (just below the top).
Which one is better to choose?
The choice of chimney largely depends on the parameters of the installed heating unit(structure, temperature, type of fuel used), degree of readiness of the house (we are modernizing an old house with a stove and a wall pipe, the house is only “in design” or the load-bearing structures have already been installed, or there is already finishing); heated volumes.
Features of various types of chimneys are given in the table:
Table 1
| Name | Advantages | Flaws |
| Brick | Durable and high temperature resistant masonry construction, durability depending on the liner material. | Complex installation requiring highly qualified masons; heavy weight, need for a foundation; big time installation, the need to replace the liner approximately every 10 years. When working with modern boilers and fireplaces, a brick without a liner can collapse in literally 10 years. Wall structures can only be installed during the construction of a house. |
| Ceramic | Service life up to 50 years, smooth internal surface, high installation speed; high acid resistance, good thermal insulation; withstands temperatures up to 550° | Expensive option; installation requires some qualifications; there is a need for a foundation; fragility |
| Single-layer steel (and asbestos-cement) | Smooth inner surface, lightweight, inexpensive, high speed of installation, easy to repair; resistance to corrosion and condensation | Insulation required; When passing through structures made of flammable materials, large offsets are required; They burn out in 10-15 years, there are no components - during installation you will have to make all the elements yourself. Galvanization will last five years (or less) |
| Steel sandwich type | Long service life, smooth inner surface, light weight, quick easy installation, easy repairs, high resistance to corrosion and condensation; can be installed/suspended outside the building; good thermal insulation | Quite expensive elements |
You should not use flexible steel corrugation - they burn out very quickly.
Despite the price, it is worth choosing modern ceramic chimneys or “sandwich”. If necessary, they can be installed both in a finished house and outside the house, they are durable, fairly easy to assemble, resistant to high temperatures, well insulated, and have a large assortment of ready-made factory elements.
If you want to use an old wall box from a conventional heating stove, you need to insert a stainless steel liner and insulate it. But perhaps you should choose a sandwich - there will be less hassle.
Make it yourself or order it
You can make some elements yourself for installing single-layer pipes or lay out a brick structure (if you have the skills of a qualified mason).
But the installation of prefabricated structures will help save a considerable amount from the family budget. You will have to pay a lot for the services of a qualified team - the amount is comparable to the cost of materials. There is a risk of running into unskilled workers.
When deciding whether to do the work yourself, you need to carefully analyze your capabilities:
- How accessible is the roof;
- do you have friends or relatives who can help;
- Do you have a fear of heights?
- What are your qualifications in performing repair work?
Building regulations
The installation of chimneys is determined by the provisions of SNiP 41-01-2003.
The chimney design must meet the following regulatory requirements:
- the minimum height must be at least 5,000 mm or grate;
- when located on the roof slope at a distance of less than 1.5 m to the ridge, the pipe should be 500 mm higher than the ridge;
- when located on the roof slope at a distance of 1.5-3 m to the ridge, the pipe must be no lower than the ridge;
- when located on the roof slope at a distance of more than 3 m to the ridge, the angle between the horizontal and the line passing through the ridge and the top of the pipe should be no more than 10°;
- the head should rise above flat roof to a height of at least 1,000 mm;
- the maximum length of each horizontal and inclined section should not exceed 1000 mm, the total length of their projections onto the horizontal should not exceed 2000 mm. If there are oblique and horizontal sections, it is necessary to extend the pipe by the length of the horizontal projections. For ceramics, horizontal sections are not allowed.
Fire safety requirements for chimneys
The distance from the surface of ceramic, insulated steel and asbestos-cement chimneys to combustible house structures must be at least 250 mm; for brick chimneys and sandwich pipe structures - at least 130 mm.
Must be protected building construction from flammable materials using cement or gypsum plaster on a mesh with a thickness of at least 25 mm.
If the roof covering can burn (roofing felt, bituminous tiles, ondulin), or leaves or fluff can accumulate on it, a mesh spark arrester must be installed on the roof cap.
Remember that the life and health of your loved ones depends on the quality of smoke removal.
Traction force
Factors influencing traction force:
- pipe height;
- condition of the surface of the internal channel - regularity of soot removal, wall roughness;
- the presence of inclined or horizontal sections. The presence of horizontal and inclined sections is undesirable, since lengthening the chimney is undesirable - the gases will cool, the draft will decrease until it tips over;
- installation of a deflector;
- quality of insulation;
- air supply to the firebox.
Your safety depends on the force of traction, so it is necessary to regularly check the presence of traction and take measures to clean the channel from soot and the pipe head from ice.
Making and installing a chimney with your own hands
What materials are best to make it from?
The easiest to install are steel structures. Single-layer steel products require insulation and the manufacture of components - in general, work for pathological workaholics, and here we will not consider their installation.
Installing a chimney made from a sandwich pipe is quite simple; the availability of a large number of various elements and components in stores allows you to assemble a device of any configuration.
Drawing and diagrams
Before starting work, decide on the dimensions and draw a diagram or drawing - this will help to correctly calculate the required amount of materials and properly organize the work.
Size calculation
The height of the pipe is determined in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 41-01-2003, but should not be lower than 5 m from the grate. The diameter is assumed to be equal to the diameter of the outlet of the heating device.
Installation video
Watch our video - it will help you see all the intricacies of the assembly process.
Installation features
Installation begins from the stove or fireplace. The first starting element is mounted on the boiler or furnace pipe. This element does not have insulation for technological reasons (the alt-free filler melts and sinteres into stone). All elements are designed in such a way that one end has a smaller diameter and is inserted one into the other, like into a socket. One of the docking options is to slightly pull out the inner pipe and insert it into another inner pipe. Press down. Then lower the outer pipe with insulation along it and press down. Secure the connection with a crimp clamp and tighten it with a bolt and nut. All joints must be coated with sealant.
Then a tee is mounted, modules with a cleaning hatch and a condensate drain are mounted below. There are designs for installing the lower part of the chimney on the floor.
Then the rest of the structure is installed. After a meter, the sandwich is attached to the wall with special brackets. An element with a cleaning hatch must be installed on each floor and in the attic.
It is advisable to connect the chimney elements “via condensate” - the pipes are mounted in such a way that the upper one is inserted into the lower one and the condensate cannot seep through the joints, but flows down the walls into the condensate drain.
An element with a gate is mounted under the ceiling.
The passage of the pipe in the ceiling is covered with a galvanized sheet and filled with insulation. The distance to structures must be at least 130 mm.
The most difficult stage of installation is the roofing. Mark a hole in the desired location on the roof. Make a hole in the roof. The under-roof sheet is attached from the inside, and the roof trim is installed on the roof. It is selected depending on the angle of the roof. The cutting edges are placed under a sheet of roofing material.
If necessary, install stretch marks. Install the deflector.
Frequent errors and problems during installation
The most serious mistake is the lack of a condensate collector and elements with hatches for cleaning.
In places where structures pass through ceilings, it is strictly forbidden to install joints of individual elements - leaking hot smoke can cause a fire.
A very significant mistake is the absence of a deflector or at least a cap over the chimney.
Snow and rain should not get inside the pipe - they increase the formation of condensation, and ice can block the cross-section of the pipe.
Maintenance and cleaning
Any chimney requires regular cleaning of soot. This will avoid fires and reduce draft. Cleaning should be done 2 times a year.
There are two cleaning methods - mechanical and chemical.
With chemicals they burn in the furnace special means. They burn at a very high temperature and accelerate the wear of the internal walls of the chimney, so it is better to use for a sandwich mechanical methods cleaning.
Icicles and condensate ice can freeze on the head - they block the cross-section of the duct and reduce draft, which increases the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning for residents.
It is necessary to choose pipes in which the thickness of the outer metal layer is 1 mm (not 0.5 mm). It’s very easy to check - for a product with a thin wall, the wall bends if you squeeze it with your hands.
When installing sandwich structures, it is necessary to use a special sealant for high operating temperatures (automotive sealant with an operating temperature of 500° is not suitable).
If the pipe rises more than one meter above the roof, it should be reinforced with guy wires.
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The worst thing for any sandwich type chimney is a soot ignition, during which in a short period of time there is a sharp abrupt increase in temperature in the chimney to values above 1000º C ( heatstroke).
In operating mode, each linear meter of the inner pipe may increase in length as a result of thermal expansion up to 10 mm, and when soot ignites - up to 18 mm(almost 2 times more!). In this case, the outer pipe practically does not change in length. For example, with a steel chimney 10 meters high, the inner pipe may “climb” up beyond the outer pipe by 18 cm! When cooling, sections of the inner pipe cannot return to their original position due to friction against the insulation and lack of communication between them. socket joints may break and fistulas may form. If, structurally, the inner pipe cannot expand upward, then under the influence of thermal linear expansion it folds into an “accordion”, the structure of the metal changes, when cooling, internal fistulas also form between sections of the working pipe. In the future, such steel chimneys represent fire hazard and gradually burn out.
The ceramic chimney pipe is also susceptible to destruction. The actual combustion of soot occurs almost instantly and is accompanied by a phenomenon similar to a strong bang and flash. As a result of a very rapid and sharp increase in temperature from the operating value of 200-400ºС to 1000-1200ºС ( temperature shock) Maybe cracking already fragile ceramic pipe, especially in areas of internal stress or shock received during transportation and installation. In practice, when soot ignites, the most common problems are chipping of the outlet pipe on ceramic tees ceramic channels.
The causes of soot fires are related with the quality of firewood and missing the deadline for cleaning the smoke duct. And since this is not so rare, the requirement began to be placed on metal chimneys - soot fire resistance.
According to this criterion, chimney pipes are divided into two classes: fire-resistant soot and soot that is not resistant to fire. The term "soot fire resistant" in relation to chimneys means resistance to one-time soot combustion. Such chimney pipes retain their tightness and consumer properties after the soot ignites. BUT the next soot fire is destructive for them. Therefore, European standards for metal chimneys resistant to soot fire stipulate replacing pipes after a soot fire. Russian standards do not yet require their chimney manufacturers to be resistant to soot fire; such tests are not carried out.
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