♏ Scorpio
26 lunar day
Sunrise 04:53
Sunset 12:21
Waning moon
Visibility: 19%
Latitude: 55.75, Longitude: 37.62 Time zone: Europe/Moscow (UTC+03:00) Moon phase calculation for 01/01/1935 (12:00) To calculate the phase of the moon for your city, register or log in.
Characteristics of the Moon on January 1, 1935
On the date 01.01.1935 V 12:00 The moon is in phase "Waning moon". This 26 lunar day V lunar calendar. Moon in zodiac sign Scorpio ♏. Illumination percentage Moon is 19%. Sunrise Moon at 04:53, and sunset at 12:21.
Chronology of lunar days
- 25th lunar day from 03:27 12/31/1934 to 04:53 01/01/1935
- 26 lunar day from 04:53 01/01/1935 until the next day
Influence of the Moon on affairs January 1, 1935
Moon in the zodiac sign Scorpio (+)
Moon in a sign Scorpion. it is necessary to engage in creative, intellectual work that requires enthusiasm and a lot of energy. The period is good for testing new technology, work related to fire and metal.
These days there is an opportunity to solve a problem that has been resistant for a long time, to take on problems to which there is no direct access. A favorable time for revealing secrets and finding lost things. You can begin repairs related to the destruction of the unnecessary and outdated, but you need to be careful when working with tools.
This period is suitable for the tax inspectorate, the police, secret powerful structures, for in-depth research, and association with other companies.
26 lunar day (−)
January 1, 1935 at 12:00 - 26 lunar day. quite a dangerous day. People are tempted to argue. This should be avoided. On this day, do ordinary everyday things, some routine work that does not require a lot of thinking and making decisions.
On this day, you may have a desire to brag and exaggerate your achievements. Stop and shut up in time if you feel something like this. Limit contact on this day if possible. Communicate only when necessary and with the most reliable people. Avoid fuss, stupid shopping, and gossip.
It is better to save money; there is a danger of wasting it or losing it. It is very good to meet some wise person who will help you soberly assess reality and guide you on the right path.
Waning Moon (−)
The moon is in phase Waning moon. viability human body decreases. He gets tired faster, his reactions slow down. The person loses energy and becomes less active.
During this period of emotional and physical decline, it is more advisable to engage in established activities that do not require much effort.
Influence of the day of the week (+)
Day of the week - Tuesday, this day will be able to protect you from surprises, protect you from troubles and even help you get help.
Birthday number “2” symbolizes balance in mood, behavior, actions, gentleness and tactfulness of character, the search for compromises, smoothing out sharp corners, acute problems. Internal contradictions, excessive prudence, eternal advice to friends and others can prevent you from understanding your own affairs.
Number 2 is antithesis, balance, contrast. It is between light and darkness, good and evil, heat and cold, wealth and poverty, life and death.
You can accept all circumstances as they are, adapt to them, and come to terms with them. You can avoid extremes, any uncertainty and excessive generosity.
It’s great that you think and care not only about others, but also about yourself. You are good designers and advisers, but not performers.
Number 2 people are usually gentle, artistic and charming, easily adapting to circumstances. They are often characterized by passivity and detachment. They are more prone to thinking than to action. They are characterized by ingenuity and intuition, but they do not often succeed in implementing their plans. These people are often susceptible to depression. Very a good relationship They establish numbers 1 with people.
The lucky day of the week for number 2 is Monday.
Your planet is the Moon
Important:
Tact, diplomacy, peacefulness.
Two endows its owners with softness and passivity, emotionality and physical health. It encourages a person to live by desires and passions, and provokes emotional disorders and depression. Patronizes women, motherhood, psychologists, working with the subconscious and meditation, as well as people living on rent and actors. It helps to make savings in the material world, but is not the number of bankers.
Love and sex:
Home life is very important for these people, so their partners must have common sense. Sexual passion can fade into the background, giving way to genuine respect and love. Moreover, its absence will not make married life any less happy in the long run. These are very loyal natures and in return they require absolute loyalty. As long as they feel that they are loved and needed, everything is fine, but as soon as doubts creep in, they instantly become jealous and can resort to cruel revenge in their quest to save the family.
Birth number for a woman
Birth number 2 for a woman Such a woman is sociable and charming, revealing herself most fully during close relationships. The more trusting the relationship, the more harmonious her life is. She is vulnerable to other people's feelings and emotions. He does not accept assertiveness towards himself. Does not tolerate clarification of relationships and conflicts. Capable of blindly following the thoughts and desires of her partner. Hobbies, dreams and intimate relationships occupy an important place in her life. She can invent an image for herself ideal man and project it onto every partner he meets. Fiction and a sense of mystery are necessary for her in intimate life. Turning her sexual fantasies into reality makes her a delightful woman. She gladly accepts signs of attention, but is able to quickly change her mind and break off the relationship. She is characterized by duality: depth and superficiality of feelings, constancy and frivolity. Her inconsistency and sometimes neurotic behavior complicate her relationship with her partner. Many men will accept the warmth of her soul with pleasure. It often turns out good wife and the hostess. Expensive gifts and comfort are more interesting to her than intellectual conversations.Birth number for a man
Birth number 2 for a man Such a man loves society and communication, has spontaneity and trustfulness. His heart is open to the feelings of other people, and his mind is tuned to the perception of the world around him. He is like a sponge, absorbing other people's problems. Appreciates beauty and femininity and easily succumbs to the charm of appearance. Lives by feelings and often falls in love. He adapts well to changing events. When the reality of a relationship weighs on him, he withdraws into himself. Can be charming and seductive, convincing and insightful. Capable of being caring and faithful, but can also be domineering, demanding, stubborn, and jealous. The main thing in a relationship with him is not to rush things. A woman who shares his tastes and is constantly nearby, inspires him, shares all his concerns and interests with him is suitable for him. Emotional attachment plays a major role in relationships for him. Values comfort and stability most of all. This is a loving and devoted partner, but too predictable and therefore boring.Birth number 1
People born on the 1st are highly creative and inventive people. They strongly believe in their views and have great powers of persuasion. They do not like restrictions and unsolicited advice, as well as any interference in their affairs, so they prefer to work alone, regardless of others. They may exhibit dictatorial tendencies.
These people have enormous determination and willpower, but can sometimes be stubborn and willful. The main emotion is excessive ambition; they can direct all their mental abilities towards their implementation. Emotional passion, as a rule, is transitory, secondary, almost always subordinated to the satisfaction of their ambitions. They demand submission and obedience, so their marriage is not always successful.
These people show strong determination and perseverance, and do not give up on what they have planned. If this is tempered by the prudence that is inherent in them, it can lead to excellent results. In their speech they can be very straightforward, sometimes rude and cruel.
They are in agreement with those who consciously obey them, agree to remain their shadow, and do not try to be on equal terms with them. Only those who respect their individuality and freedom can get along with them.
These people are always outstanding, full of strong determination and creativity. Their personal qualities are of the highest order. But they have great difficulty communicating with other people. Those around them should show understanding and tact towards them.
From a health point of view, their weak points are the heart, eyes, and blood pressure.
Pythagorean square or psychomatrix
The qualities listed in the cells of the square can be strong, average, weak or absent, it all depends on the number of numbers in the cell.
Decoding the Pythagorean Square (cells of the square)
Character, willpower - 4
Energy, charisma - 2
Cognition, creativity - 1
Health, beauty - 0
Logic, intuition - 1
Hard work, skill - 0
Luck, luck - 0
Sense of duty - 1
Memory, mind - 2
Decoding the Pythagorean Square (rows, columns and diagonals of the square)
The higher the value, the more pronounced the quality.
Self-esteem (column “1-2-3”) - 7
Making money (column “4-5-6”) - 1
Talent potential (column “7-8-9”) - 3
Determination (line “1-4-7”) - 4
Family (line “2-5-8”) - 4
Stability (line “3-6-9”) - 3
Spiritual potential (diagonal “1-5-9”) - 7
Temperament (diagonal “3-5-7”) - 2
Chinese zodiac sign Dog
Every 2 years the Element of the year changes (fire, earth, metal, water, wood). The Chinese astrological system divides years into active, stormy (Yang) and passive, calm (Yin).
You Dog elements Tree of the year Ian
Birth hours
24 hours correspond to twelve signs Chinese zodiac. Sign Chinese horoscope birth, corresponding to the time of birth, so it is very important to know the exact time of birth; it has a strong impact on a person’s character. It is argued that by looking at your birth horoscope you can accurately determine the characteristics of your character.
The most striking manifestation of the qualities of the hour of birth will occur if the symbol of the hour of birth coincides with the symbol of the year. For example, a person born in the year and hour of the Horse will display the maximum qualities prescribed for this sign.
- Rat – 23:00 – 01:00
- Bull – 1:00 – 3:00
- Tiger – 3:00 – 5:00
- Rabbit – 5:00 – 7:00
- Dragon – 7:00 – 9:00
- Snake – 09:00 – 11:00
- Horse – 11:00 – 13:00
- Goat – 13:00 – 15:00
- Monkey – 15:00 – 17:00
- Rooster – 17:00 – 19:00
- Dog – 19:00 – 21:00
- Pig – 21:00 – 23:00
European zodiac sign Capricorn
Dates: 2013-12-22 -2014-01-20
The four Elements and their Signs are distributed as follows: Fire(Aries, Leo and Sagittarius), Earth(Taurus, Virgo and Capricorn), Air(Gemini, Libra and Aquarius) and Water(Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces). Since the elements help to describe the main character traits of a person, by including them in our horoscope, they help to form a more complete picture of a particular person.
The characteristics of this element are cold and dryness, metaphysical matter, strength and density. In the Zodiac, this element is represented by the earth's trine (triangle): Taurus, Virgo, Capricorn. The Earth trine is considered a materialistic trine. Principle: stability.
The earth creates forms, laws, gives concreteness, stability, stability. The earth structures, analyzes, classifies, creates the foundation. She is characterized by such qualities as inertia, confidence, practicality, reliability, patience, rigor. In the body, the Earth gives inhibition, petrification through contraction and compression, and slows down the metabolic process.
People whose horoscopes express the element of Earth have a melancholic temperament. These are people of sober reason and prudence, very practical and businesslike. The goal of their life is always real and achievable, and the path to this goal is outlined already in their young years. If they deviate from their goal, it is very slightly and then more due to internal reasons than external ones. People of this trine achieve success thanks to such excellent character traits as perseverance, perseverance, endurance, endurance, determination, and steadfastness. They do not have such imagination and bright, vivid imagination as the signs of the Water trine, they lack utopian ideas, like the signs of Fire, but they persistently pursue their goal and always achieve it. They choose the path of least external resistance, and when obstacles arise, they mobilize their strength and energy to overcome everything that prevents them from achieving their intended goal.
People of the Earth element strive for mastery of matter. The creation of material values brings them true satisfaction, and the results of their work delight their soul. All the goals that they set for themselves must first of all bring them benefit and material gain. If the majority of planets are in the Earth's trine, such principles will apply to all areas of life, including love and marriage.
People with a predominance of the Earth element stand firmly on their feet and prefer stability, moderation, and consistency. They love a sedentary lifestyle, attached to home, property and homeland. Periods of growth and prosperity are followed by crises, which can be long-lasting due to the inertia of the Earth’s trine. It is this inertia that prevents them from quickly switching to the new kind activities or relationships. This shows their limited ability to adapt to anyone or anything, with the exception of the sign of Virgo.
People with a pronounced Earth element usually choose a profession related to material values, money or business. They often have “golden hands”, they are excellent craftsmen, and can be successful in applied sciences and applied arts. They are patient, submissive to circumstances, sometimes take a wait-and-see attitude, but do not forget about their daily bread. Everything is done with one goal - to improve your physical existence on earth. There will also be concern for the soul, but this will happen from case to case. All of the above is easily achievable for them, provided that their energy is not spent on such negative character traits as ultra-egoism, excessive prudence, self-interest and greed.
Aries, Cancer, Libra, Capricorn. The cardinal cross is the cross of will, the material basis of the universe, a new impulse of idea. His main quality is the desire for realization. It is always directed towards the future. It gives dynamism, activity, and the desire for a goal. A person in whose horoscope the Sun, Moon or most of the personal planets are in cardinal signs will be a man of action. Such people are energetic and live in the present; for them, the most important thing is the current moment in time and the feeling of “here and now.” Therefore, their emotions and sensations are bright and great strength. Their joy is as strong and sincere as their disappointment, but any emotions are short-lived, since these signs soon plunge into new life, into new sensations, starting a new business. With age, their moods become more even and come to their usual businesslike mood. Obstacles do not frighten them, but only increase their pressure and desire for the goal. However, they do not have much strength to withstand the fight for their goal for too long. Therefore, if the struggle with an obstacle takes too long or the results of your efforts are not visible at all, then such an obstacle begins to seem insurmountable, which leads to disappointment, causes a loss of strength and can even lead to depression. Also detrimental to them is the lack of dynamics and the ability to take initiative. Such a person will always strive forward and upward, captivating him with his energy. He is always in sight, noticeably rises above his surroundings, achieves his life goal and reaches a high social level.
In Capricorn, the element of Earth manifests itself on a more subtle, ideal level. The main ruler here is Saturn. The ancient symbol of Capricorn is a goat that bursts out of the Earth and even has wings. This is an animal that connects the element of Earth and the next element of Air. This kind of duality is characteristic of you if your Sun is in the sign of Capricorn.
You are most likely a tough analyst, very driven. Determination is the deepest, most essential quality of Capricorns. You set a goal for yourself, to which you go, using your excellent tactical abilities, using your dexterity, in worst case- deceit and conformism. In the worst case, on the way to your goal, you can literally sweep away everything; you act quite rigidly, clearly and definitely. In the worst case scenario, you are a very insidious person, and it is very difficult to catch you by the hand, because you act very subtly and delicately. To implement your plans and goals, you can use any means. Among such Capricorns we see Pol Pot, who destroyed several million people of his country, Mao Zedong.
Among Capricorns there are many people who live with an inner sense of purpose, whose goal in life is the desire to convey this sense of purpose to others. Therefore, among high Capricorns we find preachers, shepherds, prophets, missionaries, but with a stronger practical orientation. You can give not only a high idea, but also means to achieve, practical means, real schemes and ways to achieve high goals.
Your highest level is associated with an inner sense of high purpose. Sometimes this feeling is brought to the point of mysticism, to an unyielding desire to convey one’s lofty goal to the people. Ideally, these are the saviors of the world and humanity - Zarathustra, Christ. In history we find other Capricorns: Joan of Arc, philosopher Albert Schweitzer, Nostradamus. Among them were Gurdjieff with his “Man-Machine” system, Joseph Smith, the founder of the Mormon religion. Among Capricorns there are also many pessimists, extremely secretive people who do not let anyone get close to them. There are many among them ascetics, schema-monks, people who know how to limit themselves in everything.
If we talk about the dynamics of your development, then this is a direct desire for your goal and the ability to maneuver to achieve it. Sometimes you climb a mountain, sometimes, like a bird, jumping from ledge to ledge, leaving hunters far behind you, and climbing into places that others can never get there. But it shows up on top level spiritual development.
Sun in Capricorn
Ambitious plans. Tenacity, determination, perseverance and skill. Able to withstand large life career overloads. For this they can put their family in a coffin, bury all the pleasures of life, but rise to the top...
Moon in Scorpio
Deep intuition. Sensitivity to hidden forces of nature. Occult abilities. The desire to get to the truth in everything. Subtle psychologists, investigators. Specialists in the study of the mysterious. Tendency to introspection....
Mercury in Capricorn
Sharp, sharp, insightful, tactful, curious, diplomatic, critical, somewhat suspicious, capricious, restless. Attentive, economical and diligent, especially when it comes to improving mental...
Aspects of the planets
Sun-Mercury conjunction
There are creative forces and activity in the spheres of Mercury. Generates new ideas, concentrates on work and friendship. Tendency to be dramatic. Makes decisions with considerable willpower. This situation objectively interferes...
Square Sun - Mars
Too energetic and impulsive behavior, a person is his own enemy. When faced with an obstacle, he loses his temper, gets irritated, and this forces him to achieve what he wants at any cost. Others are outraged by this, they think...
FOOD CARDS IN THE USSR
Despite the undoubted achievements in the economy, the standard of living of the population remained very low. By the beginning of 1929, a card system was introduced in all cities of the USSR. The distribution of bread to the population on ration cards was started in the cities of grain-producing Ukraine. In March 1929, this measure also affected Moscow. Bread was followed by rationed distribution of other scarce products: sugar, meat, butter, tea, etc. By mid-1931, cards for industrial goods were introduced, and in 1932-1933. even for potatoes. The place of trade was occupied by goods distribution using so-called “fence documents” and orders through closed distributors, workers’ cooperatives and workers’ supply departments.
Under these conditions, theft became widespread. People's Commissar of Supply Mikoyan admitted in the spring of 1932: “Everyone, even the communists, steals. It is easier for a communist to steal than for another. He has a party card, and there is less suspicion against him.” According to Mikoyan, an inspection of bread stores in Moscow showed that 12 carriages a day were being stolen.
The decision to abolish the card system in the USSR was made by the October 1934 plenum of the Central Committee. In December, a decree appeared that abolished bread cards from January 1, 1935. In September 1935, a decree was issued that abolished cards for meat, sugar, fats, and potatoes from October 1, 1935. However, the situation with food and manufactured goods continued to be difficult after that. Foreigners who visited the USSR at that time admitted that they were strongly impressed by the ability Soviet people find joy in the most prosaic things: “they stand in line for hours; bread, vegetables, fruits seem bad to you - but there is nothing else. Fabrics, things that you see seem ugly to you - but there is nothing to choose from. Because there is absolutely no comparison with what - except perhaps a damned past - you gladly take what they give you."
I.S. Ratkovsky, M.V. Khodyakov. History of Soviet Russia
FOUR WAVES OF FOOD CARDS
Cards and coupons were known back in Ancient Rome. The word “tessera” meant orders for the city plebs to receive a certain amount of grain, oil or wine. Bread distributions - frumentations were first introduced by Gaius Gracchus (153-121 BC), for this they used tesserae, which were bronze or lead coin-shaped tokens.
Cards, first for bread, and then for soap, meat and sugar, were introduced during the French Revolution (1793-1797).
During World War I, food rationing was introduced in a number of warring European states, as well as in the United States.
During the Second World War, rationed food distribution was established in all European countries, as well as in the USA, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, India, Turkey, Algeria, Tunisia, etc.
Few people know that in the USA there are still several federal programs social charity, within the framework of which money coupons are issued for low-income people. Visitors to the exhibition could see the FOOD-STEMP (a $1 food stamp), as well as a “taxi pass” (state of Alabama, issued to retirees and immigrants for up to $20 per month).
In Russia, cards were first introduced under Nicholas II in 1916 in connection with the food crisis caused by the war.
Then the Provisional Government took advantage of this practice, establishing a card system in a number of cities on April 29, 1917. Rye, wheat, spelt, millet, buckwheat were distributed exclusively by ration cards...
At Soviet power cards appeared again in August-September 1918 and lasted until 1921; a “class approach” was practiced in organizing food distribution. The first card wave in Russia (1916-1921) was extinguished by the temporary flourishing of entrepreneurship during the period of the state’s new economic policy.
The second wave began to grow in 1929, when, at the end of the NEP, a centralized card system was introduced in the country's cities, which lasted throughout the entire period of collectivization and industrialization, until 1935.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War centralized card distribution is reintroduced (third wave). Cards for food and some types of industrial goods appeared in Moscow and Leningrad already in July 1941. And by November 1942 they were circulating in 58 major cities of the country.
Card distribution of food and industrial goods in the USSR existed until December 1947.
The crisis year of 1963 almost gave us a card system again, in any case, the issue of this was discussed at a fairly high level.
The fourth coupon-card wave of the 1980-1990s subsided quite recently and left very vivid memories. In 1983, the first coupons for certain types of food (for example, sausage) appeared in certain cities of the country, including Sverdlovsk. And by 1989, a variety of coupons and cards were already circulating in most cities and rural areas.
The range of food products offered for distribution is mainly standard: vodka and wine, tea and sugar, flour and meat products. But there are also mayonnaise and confectionery products. An assortment of manufactured goods - from soap, washing powder and matches to galoshes (Tashkent, 1991) and women's underwear (Elets, 1991). The names of the coupons are also different. From the humiliatingly straightforward “card for bread”, “coupon for potatoes”, to the diplomatically streamlined - “Order for purchase” (Irbit, 1992), “Invitation to place an order” (Irkutsk, 1985), “Book of newlyweds” (Tashkent), “buyer’s business card” (Moscow, 1991), “Limit card” (Nizhny Novgorod, 1991). Well, somewhere, and with care: “Alcohol is the enemy of your health” (vodka coupon, Kurgan, 1991).
A. Makurin. Half a shot... for entry to the exhibition
http://www.bonistikaweb.ru/URALSKIY/makurin.htm
TRADE CRISIS AND QUEUES
With the beginning of forced industrialization in the late 1920s and the associated destruction of the peasant economy and market during the NEP period, supply crises followed one after another. The beginning of the 1930s became a particularly difficult time for people - a half-starved existence of rations in the cities and mass starvation in the countryside. By the mid-1930s, the situation was stabilized. On January 1, 1935, cards for bread were abolished, on October 1 for other products, and after them for manufactured goods. The government announced the advent of an era of “free” trade, as opposed to the card distribution of the first half of the 1930s. Soon, however, new supply crises inevitably followed (1936-1937, 1939-1941), local famine and a spontaneous revival of rationing in the regions. The country entered world war in a state of acute commodity crisis, with queues of thousands of people.
Why, despite the proclamation of the era of “free” trade and time to enjoy life, the country did not part with “one-handed vacation standards,” cards, queues and local hunger?
“Free” trade did not mean free enterprise. Soviet economy remained planned and centralized, and the state remained a monopoly producer and distributor of goods. Heavy and defense industries invariably took priority. During the Third Five-Year Plan, investment in heavy and defense industries increased sharply. According to official data, total military expenditures in 1940 reached a third of the state budget, and the share of capital goods in gross industrial output reached 60% by 1940.
Although during the years of the first five-year plans the state light and food industries did not stand still, the overall level of production was far from sufficient to satisfy the demand of the population. Even less ended up in stores, since a significant part of the product was used for off-market consumption - supply government agencies, production of workwear, industrial processing, etc. For the entire 1939, only a little more than one and a half kilograms of meat, two kilograms of sausages, about a kilogram of butter, five kilograms of confectionery and cereals were supplied to the retail trade per person. A third of industrial sugar production went to non-market consumption. The market stock of flour was relatively large - 108 kilograms per person per year, but this amounted to only about 300 grams per day. Non-market consumption also “ate up” a huge part of the funds of non-food goods. Only half of the cotton and linen fabrics produced, and a third of the woolen fabrics, went into trade. In fact, the consumer received even less. Losses from damage and theft in transport, storage and trade were enormous.
Mass repressions of 1937-1938 created chaos in the economy, the Soviet-Finnish war and other “military conflicts” of 1939-1940, as well as the supply of raw materials and food to Germany after the conclusion of the non-aggression pact, increased imbalances and exacerbated the commodity shortage on the domestic market on the eve of accession USSR in a big war.
While store shelves remained half empty, the population's income grew rapidly. By 1939, the purchasing funds of the population had reached the size envisaged by the plan for 1942, and the development retail was behind schedule. The low supply of goods in trade led to the fact that the State Bank's cash plan was not fulfilled; money paid to the population was not returned through trade to the state budget. The budget deficit was covered by money emission. The total amount of money in circulation by the end of 1940 almost doubled compared to the beginning of 1938, while the physical volume of trade turnover decreased and per capita fell to the level of the end of the Second Five-Year Plan. The artificial containment of price increases also played a role in the aggravation of the commodity shortage.
In a planned economy, commodity shortages were also aggravated by the selectivity of Soviet trade - essentially centralized distribution, which redistributed commodity resources in favor of large industrial cities. As my teacher of the political economy of socialism at Moscow State University joked wittily and somewhat riskily during the Brezhnev years, the state solved the problem of Soviet trade simply - it sent goods to Moscow and several other large industrial cities, and the population itself transported them wherever needed. Moscow remained the unchanged leader. A little more than 2% of the country's population lived in the capital, but in 1939-1940 it received about 40% of meat and eggs, more than a quarter of all market funds of fats, cheese, woolen fabrics, about 15% of sugar, fish, cereals, pasta, kerosene, garments, silk fabrics, shoes, knitwear. Leningrad lived more modestly, but was also one of the elite cities. In 1939-1940, he received a fifth of the market funds for meat, fats, and eggs. For these goods, two cities - Moscow and Leningrad - “ate up” more than half of the country’s total market fund.
It is not surprising that cargo landings in big cities represented one of the most common methods of self-sufficiency of the population in a planned economy. The pre-war years were entirely marked by the Politburo's struggle with the massive influx of buyers into large industrial centers. Until the fall of 1939, the “commodity landing” in large cities was not of a food nature. Residents of villages and small towns traveled around the country in search of textiles, shoes, and clothing. In the autumn of 1939, queues for food began to grow.
Moscow remained the center of gravity. The Moscow queues clearly had a multinational face; one could study geography from them Soviet Union. According to the NKVD, in the late 1930s, Muscovites made up no more than a third of Moscow queues. During 1938, the flow of nonresident buyers to Moscow increased, and by the spring of 1939, the situation in Moscow resembled a natural disaster. The NKVD reported: “On the night of April 13-14, the total number of customers at the stores at the time of their opening was 30,000 people. On the night of April 16-17 - 43,800 people, etc.” Thousands of people stood outside every major department store.
The queues did not disappear. They lined up immediately after the store closed and stood overnight until the store opened. The goods were sold out within a few hours, but people continued to stand - “the next day.” Visitors wandered around acquaintances, train stations and entrances, spending entire holidays in Moscow. As one of them said:
NKVD reports indicate that the Soviet line was a unique form of social self-organization of the population, with its own rules, traditions, hierarchy, norms of behavior, morality and even clothing: as a rule, comfortable shoes, simpler clothes, warm clothes if standing at night was expected.
Order and self-organization, however, could not mislead anyone; they were only a calm, a conservation of strength before a decisive assault. As soon as the store doors opened, the line broke, the frenzied energy of the dissatisfied consumer burst out.
E.A. Osokina. Farewell ode to the Soviet queue
