The practice of targeted placement in a university has been preserved since the times Soviet Union. In the nineties, due to the massive closure of enterprises, the “state order” for specialists lost relevance. But in last years An increasing number of applicants decide to take advantage of the opportunity for targeted training, thus providing themselves with more comfortable conditions for admission and a guarantee of further employment.
What is a target direction
The target direction is a kind of official request from the state (at the level of local administration) or an interested employer addressed to the university.
In this request, the university is asked to allocate places for the training of specific students in a certain specialty. The target direction is given personally, only to one university and for one specialty. In turn, a student who has received an education in the target field is obliged to work for the benefit of the state or in a certain organization for a certain amount of time (usually from three to five years).
The procedure for obtaining a target referral to a university
It is necessary to take care of obtaining a targeted direction in advance, while still studying at school. There are several ways to get the desired place.
The university must provide confirmation of the provision of places for targeted training before the start of the admission campaign. If there are more people wishing to study in a target program than the number of allocated places, then a competition is held among the “target students”, usually on the basis Unified State Exam results. Those who did not pass the competition for targeted training can try to enter the same specialty again, this time with the general stream.
Benefits of a targeted university placement
By receiving the target direction, the applicant solves two problems at once. Firstly, the admission procedure is greatly simplified. As a rule, the competition among applicants for the target field is much lower than for the same specialty, but in the main stream. Therefore, for successful admission, a lower number of Unified State Examination points is required. Secondly, training in the target area should theoretically be free.
If the student was sent by the administration, then he is allocated a budget place. If a certain company is interested in a future specialist, then it can cover the costs of training. In this case, an agreement is concluded with the student under which the sending company pays for the studies, and the student undertakes to work for several years in this company after graduation. Well, the second important aspect is the further employment of the student, although in practice the state does not always guarantee getting a job. If the employer is not able to hire a specialist trained by him, then he issues an “absentee slip”, which indicates that there are no vacancies for this specialty.
Most often, applicants take a targeted direction to a medical university. This is due to the large competition for places, especially in prestigious specialties, and to further internships and employment. True, hospitals often do not want to pay for studies or give a scholarship, but require that after graduation they work for three or more years. In order to avoid getting into a difficult, ambiguous situation, the future student should carefully study the agreement that he signs with the institution sending him.
Documents required to obtain a target referral
Firstly, an application must be sent to the local administration, indicating the student’s personal data, the number of the educational institution, and the class in which the child is currently studying. You must also indicate your desired specialty and university. A plus will be the characteristics of the student attached to the application from the school director and a petition from an organization interested in obtaining this specialist.
30.01.2017
The procedure for admission to higher education institutions in 2017 is determined by Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated October 14, 2015 No. 1147 (as amended on July 29, 2016) “On approval of the Procedure for admission to studies in educational programs higher education- bachelor's degree programs, specialty programs, master's programs."
Important changes were made to it by Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated July 29, 2016 No. 921, which are applied for admission to educational programs of higher education - bachelor's programs, specialty programs, master's programs starting from the 2017/18 academic year.
Who can enter the university?
According to these documents, those with secondary (complete) general or secondary education are admitted to higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation professional education citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons living on its territory, as well as compatriots from neighboring countries. These citizens have the right to receive, on a competitive basis, free higher professional education in state higher education institutions. educational institutions, if education of this level is obtained for the first time.
What is needed to enter a university?
To enter the university you need the following documents:
- Statement;
- Document on complete general education(original or copy);
- Original or photocopy of documents proving his identity and citizenship;
- 6 photographs measuring 3x4 cm (black and white or color photograph on matte paper, taken in 2015);
- Applicants who have special rights for admission to higher educational institutions established by law Russian Federation, provide at their discretion the original or photocopy of the relevant documents.
- Medical certificate in form 086-U or 026-U
- from young men, a military ID or registration certificate.
Document on average general or special education(certificate - for school graduates; certificate of educational results - for those who decided to interrupt their studies at a technical school/college and get a higher education; diploma with an appendix (grade sheet) and a copy of it - when applying to a university after college).
A certificate of passing the Unified State Exam is issued after passing the unified state exam in the subjects chosen by the applicant, indicating the points received. (copies are submitted to the commission of several universities, the original is provided to the university where the actual admission was made).
Besides medical certificate according to form 026-U or 086-U; in some universities, in certain specialties, additional medical examination is provided.
The necessary list of specialties for which this certificate is required for admission is given on the official website of the selected higher educational institution.
Persons with disabilities, in addition to the above documents, must submit: the conclusion of the psychological, medical and pedagogical commission; certificate of disability issued federal agency medical and social examination. Children with disabilities of groups I and II provide an original and a photocopy of a certificate of disability and a conclusion on the absence of contraindications for studying at a university, issued by the federal institution of medical and social examination.
What documents are needed for absentee admission?
Similar documents are submitted to the correspondence department. In case of receiving a second and subsequent higher education, instead of a document confirming secondary education, a diploma of higher education with an extract attached to it is provided.
What are the features and advantages of distance learning?
The advantages of this form of training include the following:
- curricula are individual (some specialized subjects can be completed in an in-depth program);
- lower entrance score;
- after the first successful session there is an opportunity to transfer to the full-time department;
- you can provide for yourself and your family at the same time while working;
- the ability to attend lectures remotely;
- fees for the correspondence department are usually lower;
- You can learn science at absolutely any age
- communication with new people united by common goals.
Foreign citizens submit along with original documents and their translations into Russian. A foreign citizen submits to the admissions committee of a Russian university:
- application in Russian;
- originals and duly certified copies of educational documents;
- its certified translation into Russian;
- identification document;
- a copy of the entry visa, if the foreigner entered the Russian Federation through it;
- 6 pieces of photographs 4x6;
- for foreign citizens of Russian nationality - documents confirming their nationality.
How to get a targeted direction to a university?
A targeted direction for studying at a university is a feature of obtaining higher education, in which the training is paid for by a state budgetary or commercial organization. After graduating from a university, according to the contract on targeted training, the graduate is obliged to work at the enterprise or organization that gave him the targeted direction for the time specified in the contract (usually 3 years). In case of failure to fulfill the contract on the part of the student or graduate, the latter undertakes to return to the organization cash spent on his training.
Target students, like everyone else, take the exam and participate in the competition, but with special advantages.
To get the target direction you need:
- choose a specialty and place of study;
- contact an institution, an enterprise that issues targeted referrals to this university.
- submit an application to the municipal government authority.
Sample application for target direction to a university
The application must indicate the form of study (full-time, part-time, part-time).
The direction (specialty) code must correspond to the 2017 direction (specialty) code.
In information about parents, it is necessary to indicate the full last name, first name, patronymic of the parents with whom the child lives, their place of work (full name of the organization and position).
A copy of the child's passport is not certified.
The reference letter from the school must be signed by the director of the educational institution.
How to write an application for admission to a university?
Typically, application forms are provided by the selected university (admissions committee); it can be downloaded from the website of the selected university. The application contains a request to enroll the applicant in a specific direction, specialty, faculty, department, indicating personal and contact information.
Sample application for admission to a university
(On the example of the Russian State Pedagogical University named after A.I. Herzen)
When are documents accepted and applicants enrolled?
In 2017, for full-time and part-time forms of study, the start date for accepting documents is no later than June 20. Deadline for accepting documents from applicants based on the results of additional entrance examinations creative and (or) professional orientation - no earlier than July 7, and from applicants based on the results of other entrance tests conducted by the organization independently - no earlier than July 10.
For correspondence courses, there are no deadlines for submitting documents; everything depends on the decision of the management of each specific university.
The deadline for completing entrance examinations conducted by the organization independently, and completing the acceptance of documents from applicants without passing the specified entrance examinations is July 26.
Profile and additional exams for applicants to universities in 2017
In addition to changes in the deadlines for submitting documents, specialized and additional exams for applicants were introduced in 2017.
Universities have introduced certain specialized subjects into the tests. The Ministry of Education adopted this innovation, and already in 2017, new rules and requirements affected 64 specialties, which include not only creative, but also medical areas. Future teachers and philologists will also have to take additional courses.
Additional exams are conducted in the form usual for passing individual disciplines, but may also consist of interviews conducted individually with each applicant. Universities have the right to independently decide what form the test will take and change it annually.
Features of entering a university
Admission to the University! Enrollment, submission of documents, etc.
Arrival algorithm
Life after the Unified State Exam: admission and admissions committee
The practice of receiving targeted referrals to universities was widespread in Soviet times. Today this tradition is being revived - in 2017, many applicants have the opportunity to become “target” students.
What is a target direction
When talking about how to get a targeted referral to a university, you must first explain what it is. Its practice is quite simple: having decided on a profession, a future applicant applies to the management of a specialized enterprise or organization with a written request to conclude a targeted training agreement. Under this agreement, the institution pays for the student’s education at the university, and after receiving a diploma, he is obliged to work in this organization for a certain period.
Agreements between universities and organizations on targeted training begin to be concluded in April-May, or even earlier. Therefore, future “targets” should have time to contact their protector within this time frame. It is also important to remember that the company you have chosen does not cooperate with the university in the entire range of specialties, but only in those in which it is interested.
It is worth warning readers that receiving a target direction does not guarantee that the applicant will be provided with a budget place at the university. If there are a lot of interested “target students”, then the university selects the most worthy ones - based on Unified State Exam scores and personal achievements; after all greatest number such students should not be more than 15% of the applicants. The exception is universities whose founder is the relevant ministry or department, and not the Ministry of Education and Science.
Targeted training thus benefits all three parties. The university receives a guaranteed filling of budget places, the enterprise receives a specialist specially “tailored” for it, the student receives more loyal competition for enrollment, confidence in employment and a number of advantages over other applicants.
Advantages
It is no wonder that future students are concerned about how to get a targeted placement in a university. After all, by studying it, they receive a number of significant advantages:
- Guaranteed employment.
- A separate competition held exclusively for target students is considered to be a little more loyal than for other applicants. It also goes much faster - the lists of those enrolled can already be seen on July 30.
- The cost of training is fully paid from the federal budget or by the protector organization.
- Possibility of admission to graduate school.
- The place of internship is the future place of work.
- Flexible schedule for combining training and labor activity(after the third year).
Disadvantages of training in the target area
Before receiving a targeted referral to a university, an applicant must carefully study all the terms of the contract that he will have to conclude with the enterprise. The most significant disadvantage of this document is that the “target” is deprived of the right to choose a place of work: after graduating from a university, he is required to work in a protective organization for a certain time (usually 3 - 5 years).
If the young man’s plans change, he will have to reimburse the enterprise or the state treasury for the entire cost of training. Otherwise, it may be collected from him by the court. Since at the age of 17-18 it is sometimes difficult to determine what you want to do for the rest of your life, the possibility of disappointment in the target direction is very likely.
Another feature is that the “target student” must study well and even excellently. If he is observed to be absenteeism, fail grades, or have low exam scores, then the protector organization may unilaterally terminate the contract with him. It is also worth remembering that you can use your target direction only when entering one university and one specialty. At other universities and in other areas you participate in a general competition.
How to get a targeted referral to a university
Today there are two options for obtaining the target direction:
- through the city administration;
- through a specific enterprise or organization.
This is done according to the following scheme:
- Choosing a protector company. If the parents or relatives of the applicant work there, then this is a big plus. Next, you should write an official statement to the director explaining your request in free form, by hand.
- If the applicant has not decided on a protector, then the solution is to contact the city administration, which must provide a list of organizations that prescribe targeted directions. But in this case, in addition to the application, you must also provide a reference from the school.
- Concluding an agreement with your protector (for minors it is signed by the parent).
- With the received target direction during the admissions campaign, you should contact the university of interest.
- The last stage is to go through a competition among target students based on Unified State Exam scores and wait for successful enrollment in the ranks of students.
Target areas in medicine
Target directions to medical universities are formed based on the State Plan for the Training of Medical Personnel, because The Ministry of Health is interested in future doctors working in public medical institutions rather than going into private practice. Here an applicant can become a target student:
- having secondary education;
- applying for free education at a university for the first time;
- having the highest number of passing Unified State Examination points among other target students.
Moscow universities and target area
In 2017, targeted directions to Moscow universities remain relevant. To participate in a special competition for “target students” at universities in this city, you must:
- Fill out the target candidate questionnaire.
- Provide school characteristics and USE results.
- Attend all university conferences for “target students”.
- Pass an interview.
As for medical universities, in 2017 a competition was opened for 8 target places (5 - dentistry, 3 - general medicine). In St. Petersburg this year, 6 “target” doctors are expected, in Novosibirsk - 20, in Krasnoyarsk - 22, and in Irkutsk - 47.
Thus, getting a targeted referral to a university is not such a difficult task for an applicant. However, before this step, you should carefully weigh all the pros and cons, because the agreement with the protector enterprise is a long-term agreement.
When preparing for admission, applicants ask themselves a variety of questions: what to prefer - a budgetary or paid department, a state university or a commercial one, which department to choose in the future, will the specialty be in demand? Every year there are more and more opportunities. And recently another interesting option has appeared - targeted technique.
Incredibly popular in Soviet times, the target technique is back in fashion. Some see this as a return to government distribution. In reality, everything is much more democratic: whether or not to enroll in a direction from an organization is your decision, and working for five years after graduating from a university is not as strictly obligatory as in the old days.
The Russian government has long been seriously concerned about the decline in the efficiency of spending on training specialists. In some industries, for example in agriculture, medicine, education, there is an acute shortage of personnel. There is simply no one left to work in the most important areas that support the country’s economy and culture! Therefore, the State Personnel Training Plan, the Decree of the Moscow Government and about 25 other documents and orders appeared, designed to improve the educational process and revive targeted admissions. And applicants have expanded their opportunities: they can apply to budget, commercial or targeted places.
According to the law of 2004, targeted training of specialists is carried out at the request of municipalities at the expense of the federal budget. A commission is created that finds out exactly what specialists the region's enterprises need and accumulates this information. The municipality also finds applicants for the target places.
But for now, the old targeted admission scheme continues to operate in universities: when applicants are sent by specific enterprises, which pay for their education. After receiving a diploma, you will need to work at this enterprise for at least three years or return all the money for five years of study.
Who and where
Among the target audience are not only yesterday’s schoolchildren, but also officials and seconded reputable specialists whom organizations send to obtain a second higher education or additional education for MBA programs.
Targeted admission is practiced in many well-known universities in Moscow: Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Russian State Medical University (RGMU), State University of Management (SUU), Russian Economic Academy named after. G.V. Plekhanov, All-Russian State Tax Academy of the Ministry of Taxes and Duties of the Russian Federation (VGNA), etc.
Typically, targeted admission for residents of Moscow and the Moscow region does not differ from that for residents of other regions and is regulated by the “Regulations on targeted admission.” However, for example, in agricultural universities, preference is given to children from the outback, who are sent by agro-industrial enterprises. And some educational institutions provide places specifically for accepting applicants from Chechnya or for graduates of schools in Moscow and the Moscow region. Thus, at the Moscow Pedagogical State University (MPGU) in 2006, Muscovites and residents of the Moscow region were allocated: 158 places for full-time education in various specialties, from history to computer science, and 24 places for part-time education. In some universities, “target students” are accepted only for full-time study (RGMU), in others - for evening studies (MSIU).
Competition is required
Applicants in the target area undergo a separate competition - as a rule, it is not large. However, in the secretariat of the Moscow State Agricultural Engineering University. V.P. Goryachkina says that it is difficult to predict. If, for example, this year there are few applicants, then next year enterprises may send too many applicants, and the competition will be no lower than budget places. There are usually no restrictions on specialties; in the target area you can apply even to “Mechanization” Agriculture", even to "Economics and Enterprise Management". The only "but" is that the direction indicates a specific faculty, and you will not be able to immediately switch to another.
The number of target places is regulated by educational institutions. The main condition is that admission must be based on a competition. The rules of some universities set a minimum of 2 people per place, others - 1.2. If there are too few applicants, then places are cut. But the university does not have the right to increase the number of places after the start of entrance examinations.
Usually, in order to be among the students, it is enough to pass the exams with at least C grades. Let's say, for state employees the passing score can be 40, and for target students for the same specialty - only 29. Moreover, in some universities, for example at Moscow State Mining University (MSGU), the admissions committee, when personally considering the issue, takes into account such merits of the applicant , such as participation in competitions, his own creative developments, awards - and can enroll him in the first year, even if he did not pass the competition.
be careful
To get a referral and enter a university through targeted enrollment, you need to contact the school director, who is ready to petition the municipality for you, or directly to the municipality, which receives applications from employers. Another option is to find an institution yourself that will agree to pay for your studies: it can be either a large state enterprise or a small commercial company. Elena, MIIT student: “I entered the target field in 2005, passing one exam with a B and two exams with Cs. I’m sure it’s easier to do this than to get into budget places, around which there is a constant buzz. It’s not such a secret that most of my target people who know them received referrals from the organizations in which their parents work. Universities, in general, don’t care who sends you and from where, but such cooperation is useful for students and enterprises. By the way, if the target person doesn’t want to work off, he can negotiate with company, leave and pay off the debt in installments."
It is better to submit the application at the end of May, and start dealing with this issue even earlier - in winter-spring. Along with the application, you must bring a tripartite agreement to the admissions committee, which is concluded between the Customer (company), the Contractor (university) and the Consumer (you). Be careful when signing the contract, read and discuss all its clauses with your parents or friends knowledgeable in legal matters. The papers may indicate that you need to work for three years, or maybe ten...
How to correctly prepare documents will be explained by the university admissions committee and the municipality or personnel department of the organization. The agreement must be signed by the manager, chief accountant of the future employer and certified with a seal. If you do not have time to submit the contract to the admissions committee within the prescribed period, you will be removed from participation in the competition for targeted training.
During study, force majeure circumstances are possible, which are also stipulated in advance in the contract. For example, if you are expelled from the university for poor academic performance, you will not be reinstated under the same conditions. If the reason is valid, then the contract will have to be concluded again, but taking into account the previous training period. There should be a deferral of fulfillment of contractual obligations in such cases as the provision of maternity leave, child care or academic leave.
There is a problem...
It is really easier to enroll in a major - only inveterate poor students do not get into the university on such preferential terms. Maksim, student at the State University of Management (SUM): “I wasn’t too worried about the competition. When the results were posted after the exams, the target students were marked separately. I saw my first four and realized that I would get in. The main thing for me is that the prospects are immediately clear: no need you can rack your brains about where to go to work, and you can even do an internship at “your” enterprise.”
The only problem for an ordinary applicant is getting a referral. It is easily given to future doctors, teachers and agricultural workers who are then ready to work in the outback. In universities of the relevant profile, in some specialties, up to 40% of budget places are targeted. And in more prestigious educational institutions, relatives or children of officials often study at the expense of the state. Upon graduation, they find a compelling and valid reason not to fulfill the terms of the contract. So it turns out that the main idea of the targeted technique is practically not implemented.
The same applicants who enter through a general competition are dissatisfied with the innovation. Due to the fact that part of the budget places goes to target audiences, they have to endure exams tougher competition. As a result, students study for free, who, perhaps, do not always deserve it, but managed to get directions. And those who are more capable end up “overboard” or are forced to pay for education themselves.
Some experts see a solution in “depersonalizing” the target technique. In other words, municipalities must provide information on the number of specialists needed, but not lists of target persons. And for the allocated places, universities will select the best of those who would like to study in the areas. And only after enrollment, first-year students will enter into contracts.
In any case, it is too early to judge how well the targeted approach has justified itself, whether it has more pros or cons. This will probably be revealed in the future as current students join the ranks of graduates.
Essential question: how can an applicant get a referral?
Valentin Vinogradov, first vice-rector – vice-rector for educational work MIIT:
– To enter the Moscow State University railways under the conditions of targeted training, it is necessary to present a referral to the organization with which the university has concluded an agreement on such training, pass entrance exams and pass a competition. Branches of OJSC "Russian Institutes" regularly send applicants to our university. railways", group of companies "Transstroy", Moscow Metro, research and design institutes (VNIIZhT, VNIIAS, Transelektroproekt), etc.
Nikolai Ostanniy, head of the department for organizing new admissions at Moscow State Pedagogical University:
– Applicants to our university are sent by the district education departments of Moscow. A high school student can contact the school director with a request to send documents for targeted admission to Moscow State Pedagogical University, indicating the faculty and specialty. Subsequently, the university graduate will work in one of the schools in the district.
The introduction of targeted admission is useful for both universities and students: the applicant is initially clearly career-oriented, knows his goals, studies better, and upon admission can take part in two competitions at once - regular and targeted.
Elena Martynenko, head of the department for organizing the admission of students to RUDN University:
– Targeted admission to RUDN takes place on the basis of bilateral agreements between RUDN and constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as agreements between RUDN and large enterprises, mainly in the Moscow region: LLC Special Design and Survey Institute "Gidrospetsproekt", OJSC Energy and Electrification "Mosenergo", etc. .
Applicants who want to enroll in a referral from a constituent entity of the Russian Federation can be advised to contact the Ministry of Education or the Department of Education (depending on the region) of their constituent entity of the Russian Federation and find out which universities, for which specialties and on what conditions they can participate in the competition for targeted places. Applicants who wish to enroll in universities through a referral from an employer-enterprise should find out which enterprises in the region have concluded relevant agreements with which universities for the training of specialists (according to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 19, 1995 N 942).
Targeted admission to universities: what is it?
Hello, dear friends! Today the conversation will be especially relevant for those children who will take the Unified State Exam in 2016 and enter universities. Today you can hear from all those guys who entered universities that they could have entered universities through targeted admissions.In reality, few people know what a targeted technique is and how exactly it is carried out? I also think that many future applicants would be interested in learning how to get into universities under these conditions.
What everyone does
So everything is in order. You are an 11th grader and the school year has just begun. You may have already chosen which university and specialty you will enroll in. Perhaps you are just choosing . However, I bet you that you decide to act “like everyone else.”
That is, guided by public opinion about... Suppose you decide that you will be a lawyer. And so you get ready whole year to the Unified State Exam, then you pass it. You are entering a university. Learn. And when you receive your diploma, you frantically think about where you should work now.
I assure you, this is what most people do. And that’s okay if you studied on a budget. What if it's paid? It turns out that you can easily throw half a million down the drain, because in five years there will be five times more lawyers, economists and managers (by the way, the most popular areas of training) and simply no one will need them.
Targeted admission to universities: for smart people
Now, let’s assume you are a little smarter than everyone else, and you want to not only study on a budget, but also, after receiving your diploma, immediately get a well-paid job in your specialty. Today this is possible if you get in advance.
So, what is targeted reception? The Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, before the start of the summer leapfrog with admissions, compiles control figures for admission to all accredited universities in the country. That is, the state, as it were, orders universities: that, they say, we need these and such specialists.
Further, organizations in which there is at least an equity participation of Russian capital, and which also need these same specialists, enter into an agreement with the university that students will come from this enterprise for targeted admission.
How to get targeted admission to a university?
Further, if you find out that you are interested in a specific specialty and that a specific company has entered into an agreement with the university you want to go to for targeted admission. Then you go to this enterprise and enter into an agreement with it: that you will go this year for targeted admission to a university from this enterprise.
Next, this enterprise submits name lists of such “targets” to the university until approximately the third ten days of June: that’s all. You take the Unified State Exam, come to the university, submit documents, say that according to the target admission, and you are guaranteed to study on a budget. Because such budget places are booked in advance by law. They should be no more than 15% of the admission control numbers.
Cool, right?!
How can you find companies that have entered into agreements with the university where you want to study? Everything is very simple. You go to the website of this university and type in the search: “Targeted admission.” Or you go to Yandex or Google and type: “Targeted admission to (such and such) university.”
If you don’t find it the first time, read the article about. After all these steps, you will find a page on the website of your university. And if he has entered into agreements with enterprises on targeted admission, you simply look at the enterprises that are suitable for you.
They may be government inspections and state enterprises. Or enterprises simply with a share of Russian capital. You are looking for contacts (who to contact) of the person involved in targeted recruitment at this enterprise, you call him. And you make an appointment.
It is quite possible that there will be a competition for such a targeted appointment and you will have to go through an interview with the director of the enterprise about why exactly you want to work for them after graduation? Won't you change your mind?
Good luck! Like this post!
Best regards, Andrey Puchkov
