Endometrioid ovarian cyst 2 cm. Endometrioid ovarian cyst - features of this form of neoplasm. Is it possible to get pregnant with an endometrioid cyst?

is a pathological cavity formation on the surface of the ovary, consisting of accumulated menstrual blood surrounded by a membrane of endometrial cells. An endometrioid ovarian cyst in some cases may not manifest itself for a long time, in others it may be accompanied by abnormal menstruation, infertility, pain, up to the clinic of an “acute abdomen”. Diagnosis of endometrioid ovarian cyst is based on ultrasound and laparoscopy data. Treatment of endometrioid ovarian cysts includes surgical removal of the pathological formation and long-term hormonal therapy.

General information

An endometrioid ovarian cyst may be accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen and lumbar region, which intensifies during menstruation and during sexual intercourse. Sometimes the pain can be very severe, and if the cyst capsule is large and ruptures, the clinical picture of an “acute abdomen” develops.

Endometrioid ovarian cysts are characterized by heavy periods, lengthening menstrual cycle with spotting before and after menstruation. Symptoms of intoxication may appear: weakness, nausea, elevated temperature.

Complications

The growth of an endometrioid ovarian cyst can lead to local changes in ovarian tissue: oocyte degeneration, follicular cysts, and the appearance of scars that disrupt normal ovarian functions. With the long-term existence of an endometrioid ovarian cyst, an adhesive process in the small pelvis may be detected with impaired intestinal function and Bladder(constipation, flatulence, urination problems). An endometrioid ovarian cyst is a serious gynecological pathology that can be complicated by suppuration, rupture of the cyst walls with spillage of its contents into the abdominal cavity and the development of peritonitis.

Diagnostics

A gynecological examination does not always reveal signs of endometriosis. With an endometrioid ovarian cyst, one can detect the presence of a sedentary, painful formation in the ovary and its enlargement before menstruation. The diagnosis of endometrioid ovarian cyst is established based on the results of ultrasound of the pelvic organs with Doppler measurements of the uteroplacental blood flow, MRI and laparoscopy:

• Ultrasound with Doppler. Determines the lack of blood flow in the walls of endometrioid ovarian cysts.
• Tumor marker research. When determining the level of tumor marker CA-125 in the blood, its concentration may be normal or slightly increased.
• Diagnostic operations. In the presence of infertility, hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopy are performed. Diagnostic laparoscopy is the most accurate method for diagnosing endometrioid ovarian cysts. A biopsy and subsequent histological examination of the focus of endometriosis in ovarian tissue is necessary to identify the likelihood of its malignancy.

Treatment of endometrioid ovarian cyst

Treatment of endometrioid ovarian cysts can be conservative (hormonal, nonspecific anti-inflammatory and analgesic therapy, taking immunomodulators, vitamins, enzymes), surgical (organ-preserving removal of endometrioid lesions using laparoscopic or laparotomic access) or combined. Comprehensive treatment of endometriosis is aimed at eliminating symptoms, preventing the progression of the disease and treating infertility. Treatment tactics for endometrioid ovarian cysts depend on the stage, symptoms and duration of endometriosis, the patient’s age and the presence of problems with conception, concomitant genital and extragenital pathology.

Conservative treatment

If the size of the endometrioid ovarian cyst is small, it is possible to carry out long-term hormonal therapy using low-dose monophasic COCs, norsteroid derivatives (levonorgestrel), prolonged MPA, androgen derivatives, synthetic GnRH agonists. Pain syndrome associated with the growth of endometrioid ovarian cysts is relieved by taking NSAIDs, antispasmodics and sedatives.

Surgery

If conservative therapy is ineffective for endometrioid ovarian cysts larger than 5 cm, a combination of endometriosis and infertility, the risk of complications and oncological alertness, only surgical treatment is indicated.

In women of reproductive age who want to have children, they try to avoid radical operations (oophorectomy, adnexectomy). The preferred methods of surgery for endometrioid cysts are enucleation of heterotopic lesions or ovarian resection. It is advisable to remove foci of endometriosis and endometrioid ovarian cysts with pre- and postoperative hormone therapy.

Postoperative management

Preoperative hormone therapy can reduce foci of endometriosis, their blood supply and functional activity, and the inflammatory reaction of surrounding tissues. After surgical removal of an endometrioid ovarian cyst, appropriate hormonal treatment promotes regression of remaining endometriotic lesions and prevents relapse of the pathology.

2010-06-25 15:32:11

Elena asks:

Good afternoon I am 27 years old. A month ago I was admitted to the hospital with bleeding and underwent surgical curettage. I did an ultrasound and the conclusion was endometrial hyperplasia and small uterine fibroids. Histology results: endometrioid endometrial hyperplasia, focal endometritis. I also took a tank test from the vagina and uterine cavity, but there are no results yet. This hospital recommends treatment with the hormonal drug Yarik or Nova-Ring. At the same time, they did not take a hormone test from me.
A year ago I gave birth. Pregnancy and childbirth passed without complications. The child was born weighing 4 kg. The first period came after a year and 1 month and immediately bleeding.
I also had 2 juvenile hemorrhages at age 14. At the age of 17, I had surgery to remove a parovarian ovarian cyst, and I also had polycystic disease of the left ovary. After this, I injected progesterone intramuscularly for some time before my period. Then the menstrual cycle more or less regulated. Special problems did not have. Got pregnant without problems.
Please tell me how I should be treated and which of these drugs is preferable?

Answers Lishchuk Vladimir Danilovich:

Dear Elena! I can only advise that you need to take one of the contraceptive drugs with therapeutic purpose. Which one specifically? This can only be decided by the doctor who is observing you. There are many options.

2010-06-23 17:53:27

You can't ask:

My mother’s ovarian cyst burst and there was no bleeding. There was just some kind of brown color that I don’t even know. She went to the gynecologist for an ultrasound. Is it dangerous if it bursts, the cyst and fibroids will not become cancer later??? Tell me please???

Answers Lishchuk Vladimir Danilovich:

Your mother most likely had a so-called functional cyst. These formations belong to pseudotumor formations. There is no danger of developing cancer, but you need to be under the supervision of a gynecologist because this is a sign of impaired ovarian function.

2010-06-21 11:20:11

Olga asks:

4th day after laparoscopy of bilateral ovarian cysts (5 cm and 8 cm) diagnosis of endometriosis, I have not given birth or become pregnant for 39 years, they offer hormone injections for 3 months (menopause) - I’m afraid of the consequences - obesity, hair loss and bone collapse, very I'm afraid I can't make a decision if I even have a chance of getting pregnant

Answers Kushniruk Natalya Sergeevna:

Dear Olga,
it all depends on your plans: to engage in infertility treatment or not? Try injecting 3.75 mg instead of a dosage of 11.25 mg of GnRH agonist with a review of the ultrasound 27 days after the injection. It is very difficult to assess your chances of pregnancy without seeing your uterus, ovaries, hormone levels, and sperm count.
Everything needs to be decided directly at the reception.
The only thing that can be said for sure is that there is no time to waste. As soon as you are discharged, make an appointment at the reproductive medicine clinic.
Sincerely, Natalya Sergeevna Kushniruk.

2010-06-19 20:05:54

Alexa asks:

Hello! I ask you to suggest methods of treatment. You know more than our city doctors and I have been convinced of this more than once. My mother is 51 years old and has had a large 200 ml ovarian cyst for 3 years. The doctors wanted to cut, but her heart could not stand it .Cancer cells (CA-125) were higher than normal. A herbalist helped. I drank natural drops, herbal tinctures, etc. Now the cyst has decreased to 100 ml in 1.5 years. But fluid has appeared in the abdominal cavity (where the ovaries are). It was seen with an ultrasound, 7-10 ml in volume. It is difficult to get to a herbalist, and a good specialist doctor cannot be found. After a couple of days, again Let's get tested for CA-125. Tell me what kind of liquid this could be??? Thanks for any help.

Answers Kaliman Viktor Pavlovich:

Good afternoon
CA-125 is one of the tumor markers. It must be taken according to indications and as prescribed by a doctor.
The fluid that is located in the pouch of Douglas can be of various etiologies. Therefore, you need to consult a doctor.

2010-06-15 15:35:10

Klopot Kristina asks:

Hello, I had a follicular ovarian cyst, I cured it, but I haven’t been able to get pregnant for 2 years now, what do I need to take, what medicine should I take, thank you

Answers Medical consultant of the website portal:

Good afternoon, Christina. First you need to find out why pregnancy does not occur. To do this, you need to consult a fertility specialist. You and your husband must undergo the examination. Only then can any treatment be discussed.

2010-06-13 08:07:31

Natalie asks:

Tell me, please, how can an endometrioid ovarian cyst (size 19x24mm) be cured? Is hormonal contraceptive treatment option suitable for Janine?

2010-06-12 22:00:57

Inna asks:

Good afternoon. On April 9, I had a laparoscopy (ovarian cysts were removed). After that, my period was on April 15th. I didn’t have my period in May, I thought I was pregnant, I went to the hospital, but the doctor said no. Still no period. What's the matter. I'm already worried.

2010-06-01 08:06:05

Elena asks:

A month and 10 days ago I had an operation to remove the uterus and left ovary due to uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts. I feel normal. Great fear of having sex. Please explain what I need to be afraid of and what I shouldn’t? When can I start? sex life after surgery without harm to health?

2010-05-31 16:41:32

Olga asks:

Hello! I have a left ovarian cyst that has not resolved for 5 months after its treatment. That month the cyst was 5 cm in size, this month it is already 62*60 mm and has changed due to fluid formation. I am 24 years old, I have not given birth yet, my husband and I really want a child, please tell me whether it is possible to get pregnant with an ovarian cyst and what the consequences may be, thank you very much in advance.

Answers Vengarenko Victoria Anatolevna:

Olga, of course, you must first remove or cure the cyst, and then plan a pregnancy, otherwise there may be torsion or rupture of the cyst (ovarian apoplexy)

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One of the cases of ovarian damage is an endometrioid cyst. The tissues of the body form an incorrect order, resulting in pathology. Due to continued functioning, they also bleed. After entering the uterus, the cysts move to the ovarian tissue and create formations there. Cysts can also appear in other organs.

An endometrioid cyst, even without complications, cannot completely resolve without outside intervention. Cysts often vary in volume. Growth is directly proportional to the duration of its existence, but hormones can influence it, slightly reducing it. The pathology is dangerous because it causes severe painful sensations, while having a high chance of relapse.

The first sign of cyst formation is sharp pains, which should be addressed to a therapist. In some cases, some other sign may indicate the occurrence of pathology, for example, a shift in the menstrual cycle. Ultrasound examination helps to accurately determine the presence of the disease. Ultrasound can detect cysts of varying sizes. According to statistics:

• In four out of five cases, the cyst is unilateral, in the remaining 1/5 it is bilateral.
• Cysts grow as the bleeding progresses, although most often they are not large. The contents are dense and opaque as the blood clots. Thus, when diagnosing small formations, it may be erroneously determined that it is a tumor and the wrong treatment is given.
• More than one cyst rarely forms in the affected organ. In rare cases there are two or three. Four or more is exceptional, although possible.

An MRI or CT scan can help ultrasound determine the severity of the disease and the method of treatment, as it allows a more thorough examination of the affected organ. Both methods are quite expensive, but necessary for correct installation diagnosis. The doctor, based on the photos received, accurately determines the magnitude of the problem.

Laparoscopy is an examination of the abdominal cavity with inside. The operation occurs using painkillers with local anesthesia or under general anesthesia. Holes are created in the abdomen through which instruments are passed. With the help of air, the organs are pushed apart, allowing you to look inside. There are no special requirements that must be met before medical intervention. To prepare for laparoscopy to detect the presence of a cyst near the ovarian body, for example, it is enough not to eat for several hours before the operation.

Symptoms

The only and main symptom of any cyst is pain. It is characterized as exhausting - prolonged spasms, disturbing with great frequency. In some cases, such a cyst causes discomfort during sexual intercourse, both from the left and right ovaries, which is determined by the location of the formation. Is it possible to have sex with a cyst? This is a question for the partner with the pathology, since it is he who will feel the pain.

During pregnancy, the effect on the body does not change, although the very presence of a cyst contributes to infertility. In addition, it disrupts the menstrual cycle.

Cysts in various organs

In general, formations appear in various parts of the body:

The answer is no. In practice, not a single case of complete resorption of endometriosis or any other cyst has been recorded. It cannot completely disappear on its own, but it can decrease depending on the surges of hormones. This is the basis of the hormonal treatment method.

Medical intervention

The need depends on the manifestation of the disease. For example, for cervical disease, there are two types of intervention. For women who have already given birth, one type of treatment is suitable, and the second for the rest. The reasons for pathology entering the cervix are not clear to gynecologists.

Indications for surgery:

• When diagnosed with endometrioid formations, constant pain in the area of ​​the pelvic organs.
• Constant pain in the pelvic area, caused by other reasons, but worsening during menstruation.
• Impossibility of pregnancy. In case of infertility, laparoscopy is indicated, the features of which directly depend on the pathology.
• Large cysts. Formations reaching a size of eight or more centimeters provoke surgery, since they compress and interfere with the functioning of organs.

Types of operations

Laparoscopy.

This is the most commonly used type of medical intervention when removing formations. Depending on the patient, the anesthesiologist administers general anesthesia or local anesthesia. Regardless of the disease, several punctures are made in the abdomen, instruments are inserted inside for examination and work. The endometrioid cyst and its appendages, if present, are ruptured. The source of the disease is cauterized, and the instruments, along with the formation, are removed from the body. Preparation for laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst consists of fulfilling the requirements given by the doctor; you should also not eat 5-6 hours before the operation, and immediately before it you need to make sure that the anesthetic method is working.

Laparotomy.

The principle is similar to the previous one, but the belly is cut. Indicated in rare cases, such as the inability to do laparoscopy. Also used in cases of suspected relapse.

Other treatments

Pathology can be treated without surgical intervention. It is believed that endometrioid ovarian cysts can be treated with folk remedies, but this statement is erroneous. Symptoms and treatment of the brain are also similar to the main methods.

Hormonal treatment

It is performed with the help of various drugs that contribute to the reverse development of the disease, that is, its degradation.

• First of all, these are combined oral contraceptives. With them, you must adhere to a clear dosing schedule, and when purchasing, you must pay attention to the presence of dienogest in the composition. The drugs Klayra and Bonade are recommended.
• Progestogens cause hormonal surges that negatively affect cysts. All drugs are divided into injections and oral medications.

Tablets are much more convenient to use, and sudden cessation of use does not affect the body. Most take it 2-3 times a day for some period of time. Injections can be done only 2-3 times a week, sometimes less often, since they take a long time to act. Injections are given intramuscularly.

Among the tablets are Duphaston, Norkolut, Visanne. You should consult a specialist about your appointment. Instructions for use are included in the packages. The drugs have different indications and side effects.

Among the injections, there are solutions containing medroxyprogesterone acetate. Different injections have similar effects but vary in duration of action.

• Antigonadotropins

They are available in only a few drugs, but their use in the treatment of cysts is rare, since they have a lot of contraindications and side effects.

• Agonists

True to their name, they cause heat and dryness because they destroy native hormones, replacing them with their own. These drugs are contraindicated for persons under 16 years of age, as well as for all women who have not been pregnant. In all other cases, this drug is considered one of the best to combat these cysts.

ethnoscience

Does not exist folk ways treatment of an endometrioid cyst, as well as any other, which would completely get rid of the pathology. According to many women, treating the glands with folk remedies does not lead to a positive result, since wasted time is very costly for the patient.

When treating cysts of any type in any part of the body, it is necessary to consult a doctor in a timely manner, comply with his requirements, and not be afraid to “go under the knife.”

Every month for everyone healthy woman, if she is not carrying a baby, she menstruates. Blood is a manifestation of the rejection of the “old” endometrium (the inner layer of the uterine mucosa). Apart from the inner surface of the uterus, such a layer should normally not exist anywhere. However, in some cases, endometrial cells move outside the muscular organ, causing various diseases of the female reproductive system. One of these pathological conditions The so-called endometrioid ovarian cyst is considered to be a cavity formation on the surface of the gland, which consists of menstrual blood enclosed in a capsule from the endometrium.

Causes of endometriotic cysts

Despite many discoveries in the field of medicine, scientists still do not know for certain the etiology of the disease.

However, there are several established reasons why endometrial cells are “out of place”:

1. Retrograde menstruation is a pathological process in which menstrual blood does not exit, as expected, through the cervix, but moves in the opposite direction - through the fallopian tubes directly into the abdominal cavity. It is not known exactly what exactly causes blood to flow in the wrong direction, but the disease is more often observed in lovers of vigorous yoga classes. Especially, according to doctors, it is dangerous to frequently perform those poses when the hips and legs are above the body. To avoid problems, doctors do not recommend engaging in this sport (or any heavy physical activity) on the eve of menstruation, during it, and at least 3-5 days after.
2. Too narrow cervical canal. On average, the width of the cervical canal should be about 2-3 mm. If for some reason the cervix is ​​partially or completely closed, this can lead to many problems: pain during sexual intercourse, infertility, scanty painful menstruation or even its absence. At the same time, despite the failure of the canal, the cyclical processes in the uterus continue as usual. Menstrual blood cannot flow out, and therefore accumulates in the cavity and exits in another way, ending up on neighboring organs.
3. Injury to the uterine layers as a result of surgical manipulations.
4. Metaplasia is the transformation of one tissue into another. The reasons for the transformation may be: bad ecology, inflammation, endocrine disorders, infections.
5. Hereditary predisposition and gene mutations. Only recently have scientists been able to identify genetic markers responsible for a tendency to pathology.
6. Hormonal imbalances. Almost all patients with endometrioid cysts had high level luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones, which in turn entails a decrease in progesterone levels and an increase in prolactin.
7. Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs.
8. Long-term use of the uterine device. Each spiral has its own service life, which averages 3-5 years. After this period has expired, the contraceptive must be removed. Delaying a visit to the doctor is fraught with: inflammatory process, ingrowth of a foreign body.
9. Deviations in the functioning of the endocrine system (thyroid gland, adrenal glands).
10. Severe emotional shock.
11. Obesity.

According to international classification diseases, ICD-10 code for this pathology is No. 83.2 (Other and unspecified).

Stages of development and symptoms of endometriotic cyst

The clinical picture of the pathology directly depends on how far the pathological process has progressed. In total, there are 4 stages of the disease:

• Stage 1 – the cyst has not yet formed, however, isolated foci of endometriosis are already present in the ovary. This stage is always asymptomatic and does not in any way affect the woman’s quality of life and her reproductive function;
• Stage 2 – a small (3-4 cm) cyst forms on one of the ovaries. Endometrioid cysts of the right and left ovaries are equally common;
• Stage 3 – the pathology extends to the second ovary. Cysts reach sizes of 5-7 cm. Adhesions often develop in the area of ​​the uterine appendages and intestines.
• Stage 4 - on both ovaries there are cysts exceeding 7 cm in diameter. Endometriotic damage goes further, affecting the rectum and sigmoid colon, and the bladder.

At stages 2-4 of the disease, clinical signs also appear, which can be expressed in:

1. Heavy menstruation. Moreover, often bloody issues appear in the middle of the cycle.
2. Aching pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes radiating to the groin. It can hurt both on the left and on the right (depending on the side of the lesion, but if there are cysts on both ovaries, the pain is not localized).
3. Increased urge to urinate.
4. Weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, increased body temperature.

It is worth remembering that pathology cannot form overnight. There is no single scheme: for some, it may freeze for several years, or increase extremely slowly.

Hello. I have an endometrioid cyst on my right ovary measuring 5 cm. I want to treat it, but now I’m on vacation, I want to go to Egypt. Tell me, a holiday at sea won't hurt? (Elena, 26 years old)

Hello, Elena. Each of us needs to rest. However, your cyst is already quite large, and before your trip you just need to consult a doctor, he will tell you further tactics. As for relaxation, sunbathing is not recommended for any ovarian tumor; this can provoke its active growth. You will have to hide in the shadows all the time and cover your body with clothes.

Diagnostics

To make a diagnosis of an “Endometrioid cyst,” an examination in a gynecological chair will not be enough; the doctor simply may not “see” the neoplasm, especially if it is small.

The most informative methods of instrumental examinations:

• diagnostic laparoscopy. The method is rightfully considered the best for diagnostics. Thanks to the latest equipment, the physician can not only examine in detail the structural composition of the cystic formation, but also take a biopsy for further histological examination;
• Ultrasound + Doppler is used to clarify the size of the cyst, as well as to determine the lack of blood flow in its walls;
• MRI allows for differential diagnosis of an endometriotic cyst from a dermoid cyst.

Laboratory examinations are needed to exclude an oncological process, as well as possible inflammation. For any detected cyst, it is better to take the following blood tests:

• tumor marker CA-125;
• general and biochemical.

The above examinations are only the main, but most important part. Based on the individual manifestations of the disease and the patient’s complaints, the doctor may prescribe additional diagnostics.

Treatment of the disease

If the pathological process is still in progress early stages, the gynecologist can try to cure the patient with medications. With drug treatment without surgery, a small cyst can resolve. Also, in isolated cases, cysts sometimes resolve on their own during pregnancy due to physiological changes hormonal levels. However, it is worth remembering that medication alone cannot completely get rid of the diagnosis; treatment can only prevent the spread of the lesion, normalize hormone levels and smooth out symptoms.

Today, the following medications are used to promote tumor regression:

• antibiotics;
• androgens;
• vitamins;
• progestins;
• sodium thiosulfate;
• antispasmodics;
• COCs;
• gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists.

In more complex cases, when the pathology has progressed beyond stage 2 and/or drug treatment over the course of 2-3 months it did not produce positive results; surgical intervention cannot be avoided. The scope of the operation is always assessed by the surgeon, taking into account many factors: the patient’s age, her reproductive plans, the severity of the disease, and the presence of concomitant pathologies.

As a rule, for women who want to become pregnant in the future, The best decision– performing laparoscopy. The low-traumatic operation is performed using special equipment through 3 small incisions (2-3 cm). Thanks to lighting devices, the doctor sees everything that is happening on a large monitor. This method is good for not very large cysts (up to 6 cm), and is popular all over the world due to the short rehabilitation period and lower risk of complications.

The classic method, laparotomy, is used if the disease has progressed too far or there is a risk of malignant degeneration of the cyst. If a woman has no reproductive plans, the affected organ is completely removed.

The surgical method allows the patient to be relieved of the harmful consequences of the disease, but it is not able to eliminate its cause, so postoperative therapy is prescribed to everyone, and includes taking hormonal medications. Properly selected medications prevent the growth of a pathological focus, reduce the risk of developing an inflammatory process and greatly reduce the risk of relapse. Treatment after removal of the ovary is also mandatory.

Endometrioid cyst and pregnancy

Most often, the disease, unfortunately, leads to infertility. However, not in all cases, and the onset natural pregnancy it is not at all impossible, although the chances of it happening are extremely small.

Sometimes when a woman is already pregnant. Physicians should closely monitor such a patient and carry out ultrasound examination every 2-3 weeks. In 90% of cases, after conception, the endometrioid cyst decreases slightly or stops growing. But it can also increase in size at catastrophic speed. There is a risk of rupture of the cyst by the pregnant uterus. There is only one way out of this situation - surgical intervention (but not earlier than 16-17 weeks). Remember that planning a pregnancy is a responsible step, and before trying to conceive a baby, it is better to consult a gynecologist for an examination.

With infertility due to endometriosis spreading to the ovaries, many women wonder whether they can seek help from in vitro fertilization (IVF). It is known that the growth of cysts is favored by increased levels of estrogen, and during pregnancy its level decreases significantly. Therefore, carrying a baby will have a beneficial effect on the health of the expectant mother. However, before the procedure, the ovarian cyst must be surgically removed. Then the patient must recover from the operation, and only after a few months can ovulation stimulation be carried out under the strict supervision of experienced doctors.

Hello, Doctor. I was diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia and endometrioid cysts of both ovaries (3 cm on one, 4 on the other). My husband and I want a child. Tell me, please, can I get pregnant? (Yana, 33 years old)

Hello, Yana. Of course, you can get pregnant, although the chances of this are very low. But I strongly do not recommend that you live an open sex life until you have treated your pathology with a doctor. In millimeters, your cysts are small, which means that you can try therapy without surgery. If you still manage to conceive a child with your diagnosis, this will entail the following risks: miscarriage, abnormal development of the fetus with the formation of defects, the formation of malignant tumors. Don't take the risk, go to the hospital.

Possible complications

If you fail to apply in a timely manner medical care, when nothing prevents the growth of the cyst and it reaches large sizes (over 4-5 cm), the risk of very unpleasant consequences increases many times, such as:

1. Development of adhesions, inflammatory reaction and suppuration.
2. Scarring of tissue on the ovaries, which has a bad effect on the functioning of the gland.
3. Disruption of the egg maturation process due to compression of the ovarian tissue.
4. Rupture of the cyst cavity with spillage of its contents into the abdominal cavity, causing peritonitis. Presence of free liquid in abdominal cavity can be confirmed by puncture or ultrasound. A rupture can be caused by: increased physical exercise, blow to the stomach, active sexual intercourse, sudden bending. At the moment when the cyst bursts, the woman feels a sharp dagger pain, her pulse quickens, her blood pressure decreases, her temperature rises, she looks pale, and there are frequent cases of fainting. With this complication, it is necessary to urgently carry out surgical intervention, otherwise peritonitis can be fatal.
5. . Pathology can also be provoked by sudden movements, but torsion can also occur in a state of complete rest. Due to excessive compression of the tissues, blood stops flowing to them, and necrosis (tissue death) develops. To prevent the development of peritonitis and sepsis, the woman must be immediately taken to the clinic.
6. Disruption of the functioning of internal organs (intestines, bladder), due to their compression by the neoplasm.
7. Malignization. With an untreated stage 4 cyst, its malignant degeneration is possible.

Many of the above complications can only be treated with surgery. To avoid ending up on the operating table, if you are in good health, visit a gynecologist at least once a year, or better yet, once every 6 months.

Treatment of endometriotic cysts with folk remedies

Homeopathic treatment helps alleviate or even cure many diseases. However, it is worth remembering that an endometrioid cyst is dangerous for the development of serious complications, and therefore one should approach grandmother’s methods with extreme caution. Before doing anything, consult your doctor.

According to homeopaths, the most effective methods are considered:

1. Viburnum juice diluted with liquid honey.
2. Liquid honey combined with finely chopped green nuts.
3. Alcohol tincture with Kirkazon fruits.
4. Fresh burdock juice.
5. Brewed calendula leaves.
6. Hog queen and red brush.
7. Tinctures of celandine, dandelion, acacia flowers.

In addition to honey and useful herbs, the following will help improve blood circulation in the affected organ:

1. Acupuncture.
2. Moxibustion therapy (heat treatment).
3. Acupressure.

If you are a follower folk remedies, the best option There will be the use of herbs and physiotherapy along with drug treatment. Treatment without surgery is possible only when the stage of the disease has not reached stage 3-4, and the cyst is still quite small.

Hello! A couple of days ago, during an ultrasound, the doctor discovered an endometrioid cyst of my left ovary measuring 2 cm. What should I do? Should I delete it or not? (Larissa, 22 years old)

Hello, Larisa. Such a cyst can be treated without surgery; its size is too small for surgery. However, there is no need to launch yourself. Contact your gynecologist as soon as possible to select further tactics.

You can ask your question to our author:

Whether it is necessary to remove an endometrioid (chocolate) ovarian cyst depends on the results of a previous diagnosis, during which the size and structure of the formation are determined.

The operation to excise an endometriotic cystic neoplasm is carried out according to strict indications.

Diagnostic measures include:

1. Anamnesis collection. The gynecologist analyzes information about the patient’s health status, chronic diseases, reproductive function, and the clinical picture of the pathology. Thanks to this, it is possible to make a preliminary conclusion about the need for surgical intervention.
2. Hardware examinations:

• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs makes it possible to assess the size and location of the formation;
• computed tomography allows you to obtain information about the size of the tumor, its location, presence inflammatory processes in the study area.

1. Laboratory tests that help identify sexually transmitted diseases and other health conditions. Thus, iron deficiency anemia is an obstacle to surgery and an indirect indication for hormonal therapy (instead of surgery).
2. Puncture of a chocolate cyst is an additional diagnostic method and is used to treat chocolate tumors, clarify their diameter and location. Manipulations are carried out only when the diameter of the formation is more than two centimeters. When a cyst is punctured, its contents are aspirated. Before the procedure, the patient is prescribed hormonal medications.

Sequencing:

• local anesthesia is performed;
• a sensor equipped with a conductor and having a needle with an installed aspirator is inserted into the vagina;
• the cyst is punctured, its contents are removed and sent for examination to the laboratory;
• Alcohol is injected into the tumor cavity, which prevents its walls from gluing and disinfects the site of manipulation.

Remember! No specialist will prescribe removal immediately after detecting this pathology. Initially, drug treatment is carried out. However, if the neoplasm has big sizes, has begun to become malignant or threatens the patient’s life, surgery is mandatory!

When is surgery necessary?

The most encouraging results are observed in patients in the premenopausal period, when, as a result of a natural reduction in estrogen levels, pathological foci cease to function and become smaller. After menopause, endometriosis disappears.

Additionally, remedies are recommended for symptomatic treatment that eliminate pain, increase the body's resistance to disease, and restore vitamin deficiency. Sometimes endometrioid heterotopias are detected beyond the boundaries of the tissues of the appendages. In such cases, surgery is performed and then medications are prescribed.

The size of an endometrioid (chocolate) cyst for surgery is at least 5 cm. Its removal must be carried out if the patient is planning a pregnancy. The need for surgical intervention is determined based on diagnostic results.