Maria Puzikova
Unfortunately, every year there are fewer and fewer eyewitnesses and participants in those terrible military events of 1941-1945. But memory of that feat what they did is immortal. Memory of people who snatched Victory at the cost own life will live in the hearts of many future generations.
You can express your deep gratitude and respect to our dear veterans on Victory Day different ways. One of the signs of attention and respect are flowers. Carnations and to this day are a symbol of our memory and gratitude.
Red carnation is a symbol of shed blood, which is why there is so much of it on Victory Day, because it is also the day in memory of all those who died.
Red is a symbol of victory - it is the color of the banner of the invincible Red Army.
Red is the color of Victory, strong, dominant, courageous.
Reds carnations can also symbolize fragments of fireworks.
Red carnation - the personification of courage, courage, victories and overcoming difficulties. Carnations they talk about admiration for a person, that we will always remember him. After all, we admire our veterans and owe them a lot of what we have now!
Throughout the post-war period, it was carnations awarded to war heroes on May 9.
So we decided to make scarlet carnations in order to memorable day, lay them at the eternal flame. We offer you a master class on creating carnations made of dense corrugated paper.
For work we need:
Corrugated paper in red and green colors;
Wooden skewers 30 cm long;
PVA-M glue;
Scissors.
From red corrugated paper we cut out strips 50 cm long and 7 cm wide.
Mentally divide the strip into three parts and bend the third part.
Now, starting from the very edge of the strip, we make an “accordion”. We stretch the edge, moving our fingers from ourselves to ourselves.
In this way we stretch the entire strip.
Now twist the strip tightly and glue the edge to make a flower.
We insert the skewer into the head of the flower, glue the leaves, wrap the skewer with a strip of green paper (glue it to the skewer at the beginning and end, twist the petals, and the cloves are ready.
Symbol Great Victory - scarlet carnation, like a drop of blood shed for the Fatherland during the Great Patriotic War.
Happy Victory Day! Hooray!
Program content:
To clarify and supplement children's knowledge about the carnation flower.
Introduce the legend of the carnation (from the book “August in Crimea” by L. Zgurovskaya).
Dictionary: legend, wild growing, melliferous.
Teach children to make crafts from waste material and plasticine.
Develop thinking, imaginative perception, fine motor skills of the hands.
Cultivate interest in native nature.
Equipment:
Pictures depicting capitate carnations, garden carnations in a vase.
Pencils (red, pink flowers), sharpeners, green plasticine, modeling boards.
Carnation
Progress of the lesson:
This flower is familiar to many of you. Name it. This is a clove. You've probably seen carnations in bouquets given as gifts or in flower shops. These are garden flowers. They are grown specifically to be cut for bouquets. These flowers last a long time in vases and delight people with their beauty.
But garden carnations have relatives - wild carnations. What does growing wild mean? These are plants that grow without human help, on their own, in forests, meadows, and mountains.
We have a lot of such wild carnations in Crimea different types. More than ten (12). Here is a capitate carnation. See how big it is, a whole group of flowers at the end of the stem. And what does she smell like? Not like her gardening sister.
And there is also wild carnation. Why do you think it got this name? Field carnation grows in a field.
Pale carnation. What are your guesses about this title? The petals of this color are pale beige.
Carnations grow in Crimea, which bear the names of their discoverers (Marshall's carnation and Andrzejowski's carnation).
In ancient times in China, people who spoke with the Chinese emperor were required to keep cloves in their mouths so as not to bother the sovereign with bad breath.
And in other countries they couldn’t do without carnations in their palaces. The ladies of the court decorated their outfits with carnations. They simply gave the gardeners no rest, endlessly demanding these flowers for themselves. And all because the Queen of England once appeared at a ball in a dress decorated with live carnations.
There is also an old legend about the carnation.
The Legend of the Carnation
“The Greeks had a goddess Diana. Very beautiful, courageous and, on top of everything, a passionate hunter. She was depicted with a bow and arrow and was considered the patroness of hunters. She was returning one day from an unsuccessful hunt and met a young shepherd boy playing the pipe. Diana needed to take her anger out on someone, and she shouted at the boy: “It was you, wretch, who scared away all the animals and birds with your pipe.” “What are you doing! What do you! - The shepherd boy was scared. – I didn’t scare anyone. I played quietly, just for myself. I was just having fun. The voice of the pipe is so quiet that only flowers can hear it.” The angry goddess did not believe the shepherd boy, attacked him and beat him. She beat her so hard that drops of blood sprinkled everything around, and each drop sprouted from the ground, becoming the stem of a crimson carnation.”
This is such a sad legend. You already know that a legend is a fictional story about a real, real thing.
Carnation knows how to not only delight the eye with its beauty. She still has medicinal properties. And it is nice to insects because it is a honey plant. How do you understand the meaning of the words “honey plants”? These are plants that produce nectar, which bees process into honey.
The name of the plant comes from the Greek words “divine” and “flower”. Let's try to make a carnation flower. But first, let's get our fingers ready for work.
Finger gymnastics “Pencil sharpener”
We will take the sharpener in our hands,
Let's start sharpening the pencil.
Let's drill bright shavings,
Let's make a carnation flower.
Children form a fist with their left hand, leaving a hole in the middle. The fingers of the right hand are inserted into this hole one by one and they make rotational movements, as if sharpening a pencil with a sharpener.
Handmade “Carnation”
Children use a sharpener to make rounded and wavy wooden blanks (the material remaining after sharpening pencils). A flower is laid out from them and attached to a stem molded from green plasticine by direct rolling. You can attach a leaf molded from plasticine to the stem.
Questions:
1. What is the difference between garden and wild carnations?
2. Retell the legend about the appearance of this flower.
3. How were carnation flowers used in the old days?
4. What types of cloves do you remember? Why are they called that?
5. Why is clove called a medicinal plant?
6. Why is clove called a honey plant?
To read or memorize:
"Carnation"
Look at this
Look at this
What is this red light?
This is a wild carnation
The new one celebrates the day.
And when evening comes,
The flower will fold its petals:
- Until morning! See you! –
And the light will go out.
(E. Serova)
Carnation - divine flower
Legends about carnations. In ancient times, carnations were called the flowers of Zeus; the name of the flower comes from the Greek words Di-Zeus and anthos - flower, which can be translated as the flower of Zeus, or the divine flower. Carl Linnaeus kept the name Dianthus for the flower, i.e. divine flower... - see "Garden carnation"
Ancient Greek myth talks about the origin of cloves. One day, the goddess of the hunt Diana (Artemis), returning very irritated after an unsuccessful hunt, met a handsome shepherd who was cheerfully playing a merry song on his pipe. Beside herself with anger, she reproaches the poor shepherd for dispersing the game with his music and threatens to kill him. The shepherd makes excuses, swears that he is not guilty of anything and begs her for mercy. But the goddess, unconscious of rage, pounces on him and tears out his eyes. Only then does she come to her senses and comprehend the full horror of the crime committed. Then, in order to immortalize those eyes that looked at her so pitifully, she throws them onto the path, and at that very moment two red carnations grow out of them, reminiscent of the color of innocently shed blood.
The bright crimson carnation flowers resemble blood. And in fact, this flower is associated with a number of bloody events in history. In the culture of modern times, carnation was considered as a “flower of fire”, “flower of struggle”. This flower also played an outstanding role in some of the bloody events in France.
The legend about the extraordinary healing properties of this plant. The first appearance of the carnation dates back to the time of Louis IX Saint in 1297. It was brought to France from the last crusade, when French troops besieged Tunisia for a long time. A terrible plague broke out among the crusaders. People were dying like flies, and all the doctors' efforts to help them were in vain. Saint Louis was convinced that there must be an antidote in nature against this disease. He had some knowledge of medicinal herbs and decided that in a country where this terrible disease so often rages, in all likelihood there should be a plant that cures it. And so he stopped his attention on one lovely flower. Its beautiful color, strongly reminiscent of the spicy Indian clove, and its smell suggest that this is exactly the plant he needs. He orders to pick as many of these flowers as possible, makes a decoction of them and begins to give it to those who are sick. Clove decoctions cured many soldiers from illnesses, and soon the epidemic stopped. Unfortunately, however, he does not help when the king himself falls ill with the plague, and Louis IX becomes its victim.
The carnation was the favorite flower of the Prince of Condé (Louis II of Bourbon). Due to the intrigues of Cardinal Mazarin, he was imprisoned. There, under the window, he grew carnations. His wife, meanwhile, raised an uprising and achieved his release. Since then, the red carnation has become the emblem of the adherents of Condé and the entire House of Bourbon, from which it comes.
During french revolution In 1793, innocent victims of the terror, going to the scaffold, decorated themselves with a red carnation, wanting to show that they were dying for their king. French girls, seeing off their boyfriends to war or the army, also gave them bouquets of scarlet carnations, thereby expressing the wish that their loved ones return unharmed and undefeated. Warriors believed in the miraculous power of cloves and wore them as a talisman.
The carnation also suited the Italians. Her image was included in the state emblem, and girls considered the carnation to be a mediator of love: for a young man going to battle, they pinned the flower to his uniform to protect him from danger.
This flower was considered a protective talisman of love in Spain. Spanish women managed to secretly arrange dates with their gentlemen, pinning carnations of different colors on their chests for this occasion.
In Belgium, the carnation is considered the flower of the poor or common people, a symbol of a comfortable home. Miners breed it. Parents present a bouquet of flowers to their daughter who is getting married. Carnations are a decoration for dining tables.
In England and Germany, for a long time, carnations were considered a symbol of love and purity, as told in folk legends, as well as in the works of William Shakespeare and Julius Sachs. Goethe called the carnation the personification of friendship and perseverance. She was glorified in immortal paintings by artists Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Rembrandt, Rubens and Goya. It was the Germans who gave the flower the name “clove” - for the similarity of its aroma with the smell of the spice, dried buds of the clove tree; from German this designation passed into Polish, and then into Russian.
Carnation in history and legends
The history of this flower is associated with a number of bloody historical events, starting from the very Greek myth, telling about its origin. Legend says that one day the goddess Diana, returning very irritated from an unsuccessful hunt, met a handsome shepherd at the edge of the forest, who was cheerfully playing the pipe.
In anger, she blamed the shepherdess for her failure and the fact that because of him and his music, all the game ran away and the hunt failed. The poor young man made excuses, swore that he was not guilty of anything and begged for mercy. But the goddess, not hearing anything, and, not remembering herself with rage, attacked the shepherd and tore out his eyes.
When she came to her senses, remorse began to torment her, but she was no longer able to correct what she had done. Then, in order to at least a little make amends and perpetuate the memory of the young man, Diana cast her eyes on the path.
And at the same moment, two carnations grew out of them, their color reminiscent of innocently shed blood.
According to legend, Countess Margarita gave a carnation for good luck to her fiancé, knight Orlando, who went to the Holy Land to liberate the Holy Sepulcher from the Saracens. Orlando fell in battle, and one of the knights gave Margarita a lock of her blond hair found on him and a withered carnation flower, which had turned from white to red from Orlando’s blood. The flower had already formed seeds, and Margarita sowed them in memory of her fiancé.
A detailed description of this flower with all its morphological features dates back to the 3rd century. BC e. Theophrastus was the first to give it, who called the carnation “the flower of Zeus” in his classification. Now one can only guess why the carnation received the name and status of the flower of Zeus, probably due to its fiery red color, because this is the form of the plant that was known in those days. Many centuries later, in 1753, the great Carl Linnaeus would highlight the form of the garden carnation and place it in his classification under the name given to it by Theophrastus - “Dianthus”, where “Di” is Zeus and “anthos” is the flower. There is an ancient Greek legend about the origin of the carnation, according to which this flower grew from drops of the blood of the hunter Actaeon, who accidentally saw the goddess of the hunt Artemis bathing naked in a forest stream, for which he was turned by the cruel goddess into a young deer and torn to pieces by his own dogs.
In Ancient China, cloves were valued primarily for the strong, pleasant and lasting aroma of its flowers. It even became an obligatory part of palace protocol: courtiers had to chew clove flowers before meeting the emperor so that a pleasant smell would come from their mouth.
Cloves came to Europe only in the Middle Ages and became popular especially in France due to tragic events. After the unsuccessful Seventh Crusade, King Louis IX of France the Saint in 1270 undertook a new campaign with a huge army of knights, during which they were struck by a terrible plague epidemic, which neither doctors nor medicine could cope with. The warriors died one after another, the king lost his army in distant lands. And then, in despair, Louis turned his prayers to the Lord, and according to legend, the king had a revelation - to use the blooming red carnation, the fields of which stretched around, as a medicine. Inspired by hope, the king ordered to collect carnation flowers and make a decoction from them, which saved many sick people from death. Even later, the death of the king himself from the plague was perceived as atonement. The surviving knights, returning from the Eighth Crusade to France, brought with them carnation plants in memory of their king, which soon became a very fashionable and beloved flower. Thus, it can be argued that cloves entered the culture in Europe already in the 13th century. Carnations were planted everywhere in gardens and parks, and later gardeners began to carry out serious breeding work, selecting the most beautiful and fragrant specimens of plants.
There are historical references dating back to the middle of the 16th century about widespread breeding work with cloves and about the excellent varieties that have already been bred different color and forms with a subtle aroma. The carnation was a recognized flower in high French society on a par with the rose. Ladies decorated their dresses with it, pinned it to their hair and hats. Carnations had their own symbolism and were an obligatory part of fashionable bouquets with meaning in France, in which each flower carried an encrypted message.
By the time Carl Linnaeus created a classification of plants in 1753, there were already many varieties of garden carnations, which allowed the scientist to isolate and describe it as a special form. The most highly valued were terry varieties that had 5 petals instead of wild species, more than 60. The inflorescences sometimes reached 15 cm in diameter and amazed with their splendor at the moment of full bloom. The aroma of the flower was of particular value, since the smell played an extremely important role in assessing the variety. Varieties of carnations with snow-white, pristine petals appeared, as well as flowers with crystal pink, dark burgundy, fiery crimson, dark purple, almost black coloring.
In the Netherlands, the European capital of flowers, where the carnation was brought from France, it quickly gained a reputation as a luxurious flower; artists loved to paint it, just remember the paintings of the Flemish masters. Just like in France, breeding work was carried out in the Netherlands and soon many varieties of cloves appeared, which were real masterpieces.
In England, cloves supposedly appeared in the 14th century and were first considered, according to tradition, as a medicinal plant. Later, its decorative qualities came first, and it took its rightful place among flowers. It's interesting that English name The red carnation, a name still used today, came from William Shakespeare. It is in his texts that this word appears for the first time. Approximately at the same time in the history of England, the rapid rise in popularity of cloves in high English society dates back to. The tone for carnation fashion is set by Queen Elizabeth herself, who purchases flowers for the court. They are beginning to grow carnations en masse; the famous English florist Gerard is achieving particular success in its cultivation, to whom the whole world sends for flowers. Despite its high decorative qualities, carnations still remained among medicinal plants, and numerous herbalists included it in recipes for diseases digestive system, gastric tract, headaches and fainting.
The red carnation was held in great esteem in Spain, where it was considered a talisman that protected from troubles and the actions of evil forces. Girls gave carnations to young men leaving for war as a talisman. The carnation also served as a symbol of passionate love; it was pinned to clothing to show one’s feelings to the object of one’s adoration. The young man who presented the girl with a scarlet carnation thus confessed his love for her.
Russian name This flower coincides with the name of the famous spice, which is the dried buds of the clove tree. According to experts, this is tracing paper with German language, where there was also a coincidence in the names of the flower and the spice, most likely due to the similarity of their strong, bright aroma.
European peoples have recorded many names of rulers mentioned when talking about time immemorial. Russians have fixed expressions under King Kosar(it is sometimes associated with the word Caesar) And under Tsar Kopyl(dialect word hoof meaning ‘axe handle’, ‘riser’, ‘brace’, ‘block’). Poles say za króla Ćwiezka‘under King Carnation’ or za króla Świerszczka‘under King Cricket’, the Czechs say za krále Cvrčka‘under King Cricket’ or za krále Holce (když byla za gresli ovce) ‘under King Goltz, when a sheep was worth a pittance’, Slovaks say za Kuruca district‘under King Kuruk’. Ukrainians said for King Timka (yak earth bula tonka) ‘under King Timka (when the earth was thin)’ or for King Pea (there were a lot of people) ‘under King Pea (when there were few people)’. The Czechs also have an expression za Marie Teremtete‘under Maria Teremtete’, it is of Hungarian origin (compare with the Hungarian words teremtes‘creature, being’, a teremtesit'damn it!'). You can also remember what was recorded by folklorists Russian expression Once upon a time there was a king of oats, he took away all the fairy tales(in response to a request to tell a fairy tale).
There are similar expressions among non-Slavic peoples. The Germans said Anno Tobak‘in time immemorial, long ago’, literally ‘in the summer of tobacco’. This expression is an adaptation of the Latin Anno Domini‘in the year of the Lord’, that is, ‘in such and such a year from the birth of Christ’. In English, the same meaning can be found in the expressions in days of yore and in days of dot. The French have an expression au temps du roi Guillemot‘in the time of King Guillemot’ (guillemots are a type of seabird). The French also remember the times when Bertha spun ( au temps où Berthe filait), the Italians agree with them - al tempo che Berta filava. However, the French also have a more romantic expression - au temps où les rois épousaient les bergères‘when kings married shepherdesses’. The Spaniards talk about time immemorial en tiempo(s) de Maricastaña‘during the time of Marikashtan’ ( castana'chestnut'). Another Spanish expression - tiempo del rey que rabió- during the time of the king, who suffered from rabies. In Mexico they say en tiempos del rey Perico‘in the time of King Chatterbox’.
Sometimes such expressions can be associated with real-life rulers. Yes, the French expression au temps du roi Dagobert‘in the time of Dagobert’ is associated with Dagobert I, king of the Franks in 629–639. English words when Queen Anne was alive‘when Queen Anne was alive’ are associated with Queen Anne, who reigned as recently as 1702–1714. Polish za króla Sasa explain, connecting with the Polish king Augustus II, who was the Elector of Saxony ( saski in Polish it means ‘Saxon’). This Polish expression passed into Ukrainian folklore:
For Tsar Sas... the people were given bread and meat, as Poniatovsky instructed[Stanisław August Poniatowski, King of Poland from 1764 to 1795], then everything was written like hell.
For Tsar Sas, then it was good: Izh bread, I want to get ahead of the pass[‘Eat bread, at least loosen your belt’].
Also recorded in Ukrainian folklore is the following saying: For King Sibka, the earth is thin, what you touch with your nose, you drink the same water‘Under King Sibka, when the earth was thin, you could pierce your nose and drink water.’ Researchers associate this expression with Jan Sobieski, King of Poland from 1674 to 1696.
Another of the kings who became a symbol of ancient times was in Spain. Let us turn to Cervantes’s novel “Don Quixote”, where we find the words “skirt from the time of King Wamba”. This is Wamba ( Wamba) ruled in the kingdom of the Visigoths, located on the territory of modern Spain, in 672 - 680. The letter W, uncharacteristic of the Spanish language, emphasizes the Germanic origin of this name. Another designation of ancient times in Spanish – en tiempo de los godos‘in the time of the Goths’ – also refers to the era of Visigothic rule.
In Russian, the most famous phrase of this kind is under Tsar Gorokh. The origin of this phrase has been the subject of debate among scholars for many years. Let us say right away that these disputes are not over to this day. Let's get acquainted with the versions that exist at the moment, and at the same time find out what other peoples say in similar cases.
A. N. Afanasyev in his work “Poetic Views of the Slavs on Nature” associated Tsar Gorokh with the image of the god of thunderstorms, who fought with a snake. He believed that the word peas is of the same origin as the words rumble, rumble. According to Afanasyev, the memory of this god was preserved in the Russian fairy tale about Pokatygoroshka: “He is named so because he is born from a pea. His mother, the queen, is walking along the water, just scooped it up with a bucket - as a pea rolls along the road and straight into the bucket; The queen took a pea and swallowed it, and the grain swelled in her belly, she became pregnant and gave birth to a son. Even as a child, he learns that his sister was grabbed by a snake and carried away on the wings of a whirlwind to the mountains, and his older brothers were beaten to death. Pokatypolka orders the blacksmiths to forge himself a seven-pound mace and, testing its strength, throws it over the clouds: as if thunder thundered, the mace rushed high, high into the sky and disappeared from view; two hours later she returned back on the third. When she fell, Little Pea put his knee (or hand) towards her - and the mace bent. With this mace he stands against the serpent.” But later etymologists showed that the words peas and rumble have different origins.
B. A. Rybakov in the book “Paganism of the Ancient Slavs” also connected Tsar Gorokh with the tales of Kotigorokh or Pokatigorokh, in which he saw a reflection of the leader of the Slavic tribe who resisted in the 10th century. BC e. attacks by the Cimmerian nomads, famous for being one of the distributors of iron processing in Europe: “Pokati-Pea is a plowman born into a large family; he and his brothers have to plow on their own, without a horse or oxen: “they harnessed themselves and went to yell.” The hero acts after a successful attack by the Serpent, who captured the brothers and sisters of the hero.<…>He fights on foot with an enemy on horseback. The contrast between copper and iron things runs through the tale. Everything archaic is copper, everything new is iron. And the Snake, the owner of horse herds, has large reserves of iron.<…>Bogatyr-Gorokh is like a tribal leader: the trials to which he is subjected are attested to the peoples of Europe; for example, he must ride a horse and jump over 12 horses. Early medieval kings were subjected to such tests. The time of King Pea is, obviously, the time of the first Cimmerian raids, when the not yet fortified settlements of the Chernoles tribes were burned by the first attacks of the steppe inhabitants around the 10th century. BC e." But there were no significant arguments in favor of this hypothesis.
Most often, the expression under Tsar Gorokh is associated with the Russian fairy tale about how Tsar Gorokh fought with mushrooms.
