Scarlet bleeding between periods. Causes of bleeding between periods. Pathologies with the presence of blood discharge

Content

Gynecological diseases manifest themselves differently in women. Some patients experience itching or burning, while others are bothered by nagging pain in the lower abdomen with high body temperature. Women often visit gynecological clinics with heavy or scanty vaginal bleeding, the cause of which is not always associated with a specific half of the cycle.

What is bleeding?

Normally, the vagina produces clear or white mucus. Its color and consistency depend on the phase of the menstrual cycle. Discharge mixed with blood indicates that the vaginal mucosa or uterine wall has been damaged. The appearance of blood clots immediately before menstruation or during the formation of a cycle after childbirth is considered normal.

Causes

Various menstrual cycle disorders can lead to the appearance of bloody clots in the mucus. If bleeding is accompanied by pain, you should immediately consult a doctor. They may be one of the signs of endometriosis. Estrogen supplements often cause the endometrium to shed prematurely, leading to blood clots. Problems in the functioning of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands can affect the ovulation process and cause premature monthly bleeding. The following are the main causes of blood clots:

Taking hormonal drugs. After taking the pills there is no pain, the discharge is scanty.
Inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system. Depending on the type of illness, pulling or sharp pains, fever, nausea, weakness.
Sexual infections. The discharge has a characteristic unpleasant odor. Accompanied by minor pain, itching, burning.
Uterine fibroids, polyps. At initial stages bleeding diseases appear in the middle of the cycle. Towards the end of menstruation they temporarily stop. If the disease is not treated, it becomes permanent.
Ectopic pregnancy. The condition is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen of varying intensity. The woman experiences severe weakness. Pre-fainting condition.
Endometritis. Aching pain in the lower abdomen. In the chronic form of the disease, the temperature rises.
Cervical erosion. More often it occurs secretly without any pronounced symptoms. Blood appears during sex.

Bloody discharge mid-cycle

Before ovulation, the mucus should not contain any blood clots. Brown discharge with blood in the middle of the cycle indicates that the woman has cervical erosion. They may have a characteristic odor. A gynecologist will be able to make an accurate diagnosis during an examination. Intermenstrual bleeding in adolescents and women who have recently given birth is considered normal. This indicates that the body is trying to normalize the cycle.

In the second half of the cycle

A couple of days before your period, blood-streaked discharge may appear. They will be scanty, but will begin to intensify as the release of the egg approaches and the upper layer of the endometrium separates. If the discharge has an unpleasant odor, then there is a high probability of developing cervical pathology. One of the reasons for the appearance of blood in the second half of the cycle is a lack of progesterone. The endometrium peels off prematurely, which is why bloody clots appear.

No menstruation, but still bleeding

After conception, women may experience pink discharge. You should immediately consult a doctor, because it starts to be smeared when there is a threat of miscarriage. Some women experience heavy brown bleeding. They are a sign of ovarian exhaustion. In normal physical well-being, pinkish discharge is an indicator of the following abnormalities:

inflammation of the uterus;
hormonal imbalance;
helix incompatibility;
presence of a tumor;
problems with the thyroid gland;
the presence of intrauterine cysts.

After intrauterine interventions

Bloody secretion may appear after installation intrauterine device(Navy). Normally, they should be scanty without an unpleasant odor. If, after installing the IUD, heavy bleeding begins, accompanied by pain, you should consult a doctor. An infection was probably introduced during the procedure. Light bleeding after an abortion is considered normal. After curettage of the uterine cavity, the mucous membrane will completely recover in about a week, then the discharge with blood will disappear.

Discharge after taking medications

Vaginal ichor appears in 75% of women during the period of adaptation of the body to combined oral contraceptives. The amount of sex hormones changes, so scarlet impurities may appear in clear mucus. A similar situation occurs after taking medications emergency contraception. Some antibiotics cause severe dysbacteriosis, disrupting the vaginal microflora. It leads to exacerbation of chronic diseases and bleeding. Vaginal discharge with blood clots may occur while taking the following medications:

Postinor;
Terzhinan;
Belara;
Polygynax;
Cefazolin.

Discharge after childbirth

Bloody secretions can be released up to 8 weeks after the baby is born. An alternative name for this phenomenon is lochia. Immediately after birth, they are bright scarlet in color, but by 3-4 days they become dark brown. Gradually the color of the discharge changes. When the uterus is completely healed, they disappear. Long-term lochia indicates that there are serious problems in the reproductive system. A woman should contact a gynecologist if:

the discharge contains large blood clots;
4-5 days after birth, scarlet lochia does not cease to appear in a supine position;
blood has an unpleasant odor;
the bloody secretion completely ceased to be released 1 week after birth;
there is fever and chills.

Mucous discharge streaked with blood during pregnancy

During the first 2-3 weeks of pregnancy, the body has not yet had time to adapt to the new state. During this period, pinkish bloody clots may appear. If blood appears at 5 or 11 weeks, then there is a high probability of placental abruption and miscarriage. The woman is sent for an ultrasound and a hormone test is done. When an embryo is rejected, the release of a bloody secretion is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen, reminiscent of contractions.

After intercourse

Intercourse should not be accompanied by any painful sensations. If blood appears after sexual intercourse, this indicates that the vaginal mucosa has been damaged. This could happen due to a lack of natural lubrication. Another reason for the appearance of blood after sexual intercourse lies in chronic diseases of the reproductive system. With erosion, bleeding may begin due to direct contact with the damaged area of the cervix.

Before your period

A few days before the end of the cycle, the endometrium begins to shed. The blood vessels burst, so the mucus takes on a pinkish tint. Doctors consider bleeding between periods at the end of the cycle to be normal. However, if a woman starts bleeding heavily before her period begins, she should visit a gynecologist and get tested for hormones. Such bleeding is often observed in patients with a lack of progesterone.

After menstruation

The beginning and middle of the cycle should not be accompanied by the appearance of bloody secretions. It is considered normal when, after the end of menstruation, the discharge has a slightly reddish tint for 2-3 days. If the secretion is constantly present, then the woman should be examined by a gynecologist. Heavy bleeding between periods indicates the presence of serious pathologies in the body. These include:

uterine fibroids;
genital injuries;
cervical cancer;
genital tract infections;
endometrial polyps.

For injuries to the genital organs and any other diseases of the reproductive system, you cannot treat yourself. In case of prolonged bleeding, you should immediately consult a doctor. Incorrectly selected suppositories and tablets can lead to serious complications. The disease will go from an acute form to a chronic one and then it will be very difficult to cure such an illness.

Bloody discharge in the middle of the cycle is a reason to consult a gynecologist. Since during the intermenstrual period only light mucous discharge from the vagina is allowed, protecting the internal genital organs from the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms.

Having studied more than one medical forum, we noticed that most women face this problem. Therefore, in this topic we want to tell you why there is bleeding in the middle of the cycle, when it is considered normal, and when it is an alarming signal and should not be ignored.

Scanty bleeding of brown or dark red color during the intermenstrual phase can appear in practically healthy representatives of the fair sex. When does this happen? Let's consider the situations.

3-4 days before the onset of menstruation, a woman may experience spotting, which is a sign of approaching menstruation.
In the first 1-2 days after your period, there may also be a slight bloody discharge as the uterus gets rid of the remaining menstrual blood.
Women taking oral hormonal contraceptives may experience slight brown discharge on the 14th-15th day of the cycle.
After sex, if a woman has not had intimate relations for a long time and the Bartholin glands have not secreted enough mucus, a little blood may be released due to microtrauma of the vaginal mucous epithelium.
After the first sexual intercourse, when the hymen ruptures, the girl may experience bleeding for some time after intimacy.

In all other cases, the appearance of blood between periods is considered a pathology. A sign of the disease may be a combination bloody discharge with pain in the lower abdomen, fever, itching in the vagina, pain during and after sex.

You should also visit a specialist if you are constantly bothered by brown, dark or bloody discharge after sex.

In premenopausal women, thin brown spotting bothers women due to hormonal imbalances, which is a natural process of aging. female body. Such bleeding most often appears against the background of a failure in the timing of ovulation, as a result of which the cycle changes. Most often, bleeding occurs in women after a long delay in menstruation, and can recur for several weeks.

In addition to the above, brown or bloody discharge in women who have been in menopause for more than a year may indicate pathology.

The appearance of intermenstrual metrorrhagia (bleeding) is due to both physiological and pathological reasons.

The norm is light bleeding between periods, without inflammatory symptoms (unpleasant odor, itching, abdominal pain, lower back pain).

The following factors can be considered physiological reasons:

an increase in the level of lutein-stimulating hormone (LH) and estrogen, which are responsible for the release of the egg from the ovary. Therefore, bloody discharge may be a sign of the egg’s readiness to “reproduce”;
too active sexual pleasures, inappropriate position during sexual intercourse, or the partner’s genital organ is too large, as a result of which the cervix and vaginal mucosa are injured. If such discharge is observed constantly after sex, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist, since sometimes this is the first and only manifestation of pathologies such as cervical cancer, vaginal neoplasms, and;
Brown or bloody discharge in the middle of the cycle is a sign of pregnancy. During the attachment of a fertilized egg to the endometrium, some women secrete a small amount of bloody fluid. Metrorrhagia at other stages of pregnancy is an alarming signal and requires immediate attention. medical care, as they may be the first sign of miscarriage, premature birth, placental abruption, etc.

Normally, such discharge becomes noticeable only during washing or other hygiene procedures, that is, it should not smear the underwear.

If there is too much intermenstrual discharge of any nature, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist for a comprehensive examination of the body, as this may be the first sign of many diseases of the genital and other organs.

Also, the appearance of discharge during the intermenstrual period often indicates the presence of diseases. Let's look at them.

Inflammation of the endometrium. This pathology is characterized by inflammation of the inner layer of the uterus, which develops due to the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the uterus. Infection of the endometrium can occur during medical procedures on the uterus (curettage, vacuum extraction of the fertilized egg, probing of the uterine cavity, etc.) if they were performed without observing sanitary and epidemiological standards. In addition, endometritis may appear after childbirth. The discharge can be either bloody or purulent in nature with a foul odor or contain mucus. The patient is also worried about increased body temperature, pain in the lower abdomen, general weakness, chills, and increased sweating.
Endometrial polyps. The occurrence of polyps is facilitated by curettage of the uterine cavity and cesarean section.
Incorrectly selected doses of hormonal contraceptives. An inadequate dose of hormonal contraceptives can cause hormonal imbalance in the body, and this, in turn, causes metrorrhagia.
Infectious processes in the vagina and cervix. The presence of inflammation inside the vagina and cervix can become an obstacle to the release of menstrual blood, which will continue to be released even during the menstrual period.
Hormonal disbalance. The menstrual cycle is regulated by sex hormones. Each phase of the cycle is characterized by its own hormone, so if there is a hormonal imbalance, menstruation can occur even in the middle of the cycle.
Endometriosis. This disease is characterized by the appearance of endometrial foci in places where it should not be - the cervix, vaginal walls, external genitalia, etc.
Intrauterine contraception (spirals). This contraceptive increases the risk of endometrial inflammation, and, accordingly, the appearance of spotting during the intermenstrual period.
Benign and malignant neoplasms uterine walls(uterine fibroids and fibroids, cancer of the uterus and its cervix).
Psycho-emotional shock. Severe stress can affect a woman’s hormonal background, causing it to malfunction. In addition, stress can contribute to the exacerbation of chronic diseases of the reproductive system, which will become a provoking factor for intermenstrual bleeding.

Regular examinations by a gynecologist are an effective measure for the prevention of diseases of the female genital organs. Each healthy woman should visit this specialist twice a year.

If there is regular and prolonged intermenstrual bleeding, the gynecologist will definitely prescribe a series of studies that will help determine the cause of the menstrual irregularity.

In diagnostics menstrual irregularities The following methods can be used:

gynecological examination of the vagina and cervix using speculum;
colposcopy - examination of the cervix using a special device - a colposcope;
vaginal smear for microflora;
cervical smear for cytological examination;
general clinical blood test;
blood test for sex hormonal panel;
blood test for the Wasserman reaction (detection of antibodies to the causative agent of syphilis);
tissue sampling for histological examination;
ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, including transvaginal or transrectal;
blood test for HIV;
diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity with further histological analysis of the material and others.

Thus, only an experienced specialist - a gynecologist - can correctly determine the cause of intermenstrual bleeding. In this case, we do not recommend engaging in self-diagnosis and self-medication, since such amateur activities can lead to irreversible consequences for health. After all, the choice of treatment method directly depends on the causative factor.

Let us remind you once again that every healthy woman should visit a gynecologist for a preventive examination every six months.

This feature is normal if brownish marks appear a few days before or after menstruation. Bloody discharge between menstruation often occurs on the 10–15th day after the end of menstruation; it lasts from 1 to 3 days and disappears spontaneously. If the discharge increases or lasts for a long time, the woman needs professional medical help.

Discharge of non-pathological origin

Causes of bleeding between periods of a physiological or age-related nature include the following processes:

Biopsy and mechanical curettage of the uterus. Traumatic manipulations that provoke blood between menstruation. Taking a smear from the mucous membranes of the vagina and uterine cervix– scraping the upper layers of the epithelium provokes microscopic damage. Due to them, small reddish discharge may be observed for several hours.
Ovulation. By the end of the second week of the menstrual cycle, the dominant follicle matures, which ruptures after reaching its maximum volume. An egg ready for fertilization comes out of it, at this time even a healthy girl can feel discomfort and pain (from the ovary that released the female reproductive cell). Vaginal discharge takes on a pinkish tint due to the admixture of blood particles from damaged blood vessels.
Gynecological examination using intravaginal equipment (mirrors, ultrasound sensor, colposcope). To minimize the consequences of manipulations, they are recommended to be carried out in the first half of the cycle, from days 7 to 12. Over the remaining period, the discharge will return to normal.
Puberty period. During the first 24 months after standard menstruation, additional secretions of unusual colors may occur. Bleeding is associated with unstable hormonal levels and immaturity of the ovaries in adolescents.
Premenopause. The gradual decline of reproductive function in women after 45 years leads to various disorders of monthly cyclicity. Unstable work the body with intermenstrual bleeding can be provoked by hormonal imbalance or latently developing pathologies.
Attachment of a fertilized egg. The introduction of the fertilized egg into the endometrium of the uterus occurs with small discharge of a pinkish-reddish hue. At the time of implantation, the capillaries are damaged, which explains the secret of the incomprehensible color. through IVF are of a similar nature.

Important! Women at any age should undergo examinations by a gynecologist at least once a year. Frequent visits will help to timely identify overt and latent diseases, prevent the development of serious complications and the degeneration of harmless tumors into cancerous tumors.

Vaginal bleeding of pathological etiology

The reasons for the appearance of blood between menstruation may be associated with a variety of diseases of the reproductive or endocrine department, and the liver. Experts note a number of diseases for which discharge in the middle of the cycle is the only clinical sign.

Pathological sources of deviation include:

Inflammatory processes in the reproductive system. The source of the problem is damage to blood vessels and the functionality of the ovaries impaired by inflammation.
Cancer. The early stages of the disease have no obvious clinical signs(itching, pain), the appearance of intermenstrual bleeding requires an urgent diagnostic examination.
Uterine fibroids. The neoplasm affects the vessels located in the endometrium, as a result, the duration of menstruation increases.
Sexual infections. The discharge may be brownish in color with a repulsive odor and a foamy appearance due to an STD.
Endometriosis. There is a pathological increase in the internal layers of the uterus. The endometrium is damaged and sloughed off throughout the cycle, causing pain in the lower abdomen.
Cervical erosion or tumor processes. Neoplasms lead to deformation changes and destruction of individual tissue areas, which provokes discharge between menstruation.

Important! Malignant tumors in the uterine cavity in the middle and late stages are determined by vaginal discharge, which occurs almost constantly. Bleeding with particles of pus, has the color and aroma of meat slop.

Secondary sources of pathology

Hormonal disorders that cause blood outside of menstruation can be triggered by the following predisposing factors:

Intrauterine device. In addition to changes in hormonal levels, the drugs can cause mechanical damage to the mucous layer of the uterus, causing bleeding.
Hormone therapy. In the treatment of infertility and suppression of menopausal symptoms. Medications cause disturbances in the menstrual cycle, including the appearance of red discharge in the middle.
Violation metabolic processes. A slow metabolism causes gradual weight gain, eventually leading to obesity.
Insufficient supply of nutrients. Hypovitaminosis against the background of an unbalanced diet, fasting and mono-diets disrupts the secretion of female sex hormones. Slow tissue restoration and disruption of the structure of blood vessels located on the wall of the uterus provoke severe bleeding between the uteri.
Oral contraceptives. Immediately after starting to take certain hormonal-based contraceptives, you may experience bleeding between periods without pain or additional discomfort. If after the end of the 3rd cycle the condition does not change, then you need to visit a gynecologist and ask to change the prescribed contraceptive.
Stressful situations. Constant emotional stress negatively affects hormonal background, which leads to deviations in the functioning of the organs of the reproductive system.

Important! The source of bleeding may be irregular sex life and taking anticoagulants - medications that thin the blood.

Bleeding in women over 40 years of age

In females who have crossed the forty-year mark, abnormal discharge occurs under the influence of the following factors:

Anovulatory or dysfunctional phase. Causes scanty discharge, without accompanying pain or other symptoms.
Metrorrhagia provokes the appearance of scarlet blood between menstruation. Accompanied by painful sensations in the abdomen and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia.
Promenorrhea. With pathology, there is no change in the duration of menstruation, but secretory fluid is released for one or more weeks.

Important! Causes of bleeding in the middle of the cycle after 40 years may include erosion, cancer, and benign tumors. The condition requires a visit to the gynecologist and a diagnostic examination.

Diagnosis of pathology

Bloody discharge between periods requires consultation with a doctor if certain symptoms occur:

prolonged appearance of bloody spots on underwear - more than 3 days;
the appearance of clots of pus or blood in the vaginal secretion;
presence of an unpleasant odor;
pain in the lower abdomen, attacks of dizziness or nausea.

A visit to the clinic begins with a visit to the gynecologist. The doctor collects a detailed medical history and conducts a mirror examination. If there is a suspicion of a hidden pathology, the patient receives a referral for:

a blood test that determines the level of progesterone and estrogen;
echography of the pelvic organs.

Important! An unpleasant odor and discharge with pieces of unknown origin lead to mandatory testing for tumor markers.

Treatment: how to stop bleeding

After determining the source of the disease, a woman may be prescribed one of the following courses of treatment:

Hormonal imbalance. Selection of one of the hormonal contraceptives, recommendations for changing your usual lifestyle, losing weight, switching to a balanced diet with a sufficient amount of vitamins and minerals.
Infections may require antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory therapy. Basic medications are prescribed by the attending physician, selecting the appropriate dosage and course duration.
Tumor-like processes require surgical intervention with excision of the tumor. Most often, gentle, laparoscopic operations with a minimum rehabilitation period are prescribed.

Complex illnesses or pregnancy lead to the need for treatment in the gynecology department, under the constant supervision of medical workers. Comments in individual articles about the possibility of self-medication with home remedies make no sense. In case of severe bleeding, a woman needs to have a blood transfusion and cauterization of the bleeding vessels.

If you bleed between menstrual cycles, the deviation may be caused by a serious illness. Therefore, gynecologists do not advise self-medication. A complete diagnostic examination will help clarify the cause of the abnormal condition and select the necessary medications. Doctors recommend not to ignore annual preventive examinations; you can and should take care of your health regularly, and not periodically.

Bloody discharge between periods looks scary for most women, but at the same time it is very difficult to find at least one woman who has not experienced this phenomenon. The fact is that not all intermenstrual bleeding indicates pathology - such bleeding is most often normal physiological processes and does not pose a health hazard. However, the likelihood of a pathological development of the phenomenon cannot be discounted, and any bleeding in the middle of the cycle should be carefully monitored (preferably together with a gynecologist).

Only menstruation (menstruation), which occurs at the end of the menstrual cycle, can be considered normal, physiologically caused bleeding. The duration of the cycle is 27-36 days and is strictly individual in nature, while the stability of the cycle is one of the indicators of the health of the female body. At its core, menstruation is bloody red or brown discharge, which can have a thick consistency with the release of clots, which is due to the removal of rejected elements of the inner membrane, incl. and damage to small blood vessels.

Periodically, the established regime may be disrupted and brown discharge or manifestations of red color may appear in the period between scheduled periods. Most often they are expressed in scanty spotting manifestations, but sometimes (up to 20% of all cases) they are characterized by heavy bleeding. Such bleeding between periods can be caused by both physiological processes and pathological dysfunction. If they appear immediately after the end of menstruation or immediately before it, they are most often caused by understandable natural causes.

Bloody discharge in the middle of the cycle may indicate serious disorders in the body, especially if there are additional symptoms: painful sensations, burning, etc. Quite often, intermenstrual bleeding occurs after sexual intercourse - postcoital bleeding. They extremely rarely lead to serious consequences, but they should be treated carefully. In general, intermenstrual bleeding can have a different shade - pink, red or brown discharge, depending on the reasons for its manifestation, consistency and composition (blood content).

Physiological manifestations

Intermenstrual reddish or brown discharge in most cases is due to physiological reasons, but not associated with pathologies, and caused by external or internal factors. The following reasons for such phenomena are identified:

Bleeding before menstruation is observed 1-2 days before its onset and is explained by the body’s preparation for menstruation. This process is characterized by meager volumes, and if the spotting is not replaced by normal periods, then you should consult a doctor.
An anomaly after the end of menstruation can be observed for several days, which is associated with incomplete cleansing of the uterus by menstruation and getting rid of residual blood mass.
At any time during the intermenstrual period, brown discharge may occur due to the use of hormonal contraceptives. Most often, this phenomenon is observed when starting to use the drug or when stopping it after long-term use. The beginning of using the drug or switching to another type may be marked by the anomaly in question within 3-4 menstrual cycles. In this case, the form of contraception can be different - tablets, patch, hormonal ring.
Brown discharge can be caused by emergency contraception such as Ginepristone or Postinor, as well as by the installation of an intrauterine device.
Taking certain medications containing estrogen can cause unscheduled bleeding and disruption of the entire menstrual cycle.
Uncomfortable sexual contact causes brown discharge due to insufficient hydration of the vagina, harsh contact, and internal injuries. In this case, microcracks may appear, which causes bleeding.
Bleeding may occur after visiting a gynecologist, especially if a smear was taken for examination. The phenomenon is caused by minor injuries caused during examination.
Bloody discharge may occur for some time after the first or several subsequent sexual intercourses.

Other reasons for the appearance of physiological discharge include stress and nervous overload, sudden climate change, physical exercise and exposure to extreme temperatures. Physiological processes should alarm a woman, but not cause panic. If the abnormality is prolonged or severe, it is recommended to consult a doctor. The main sign of such disorders is the absence of other warning symptoms.

Pathological etiology of the phenomenon

Intermenstrual discharge is not always a harmless process. They can be a sign of serious pathologies, both inflammatory and infectious. Such manifestations should cause alarm due to their duration (more than a day), abundance and frequent relapses. Particular attention should be paid to bleeding after sexual intercourse - they are most often caused by non-pathogenic factors, but not when they are repeated after almost every sexual intercourse or are accompanied by additional symptoms. In some circumstances, sex can accelerate the onset of symptoms, especially when it comes to sexually transmitted diseases.

The pathological nature of bleeding between menstruation can be caused by the following serious factors:

functional disorders of endocrine organs, especially damage to the thyroid gland;
inflammatory processes caused by infectious or non-infectious causes;
serious injuries genitourinary system;
hormonal imbalance;
diseases of the ovaries and appendages;
neurological disorders.

Among unscheduled bleeding, uterine bleeding is particularly prominent. This pathology can appear before menstruation or even instead of it and is one of the most dangerous forms. Most probable reasons heavy uterine bleeding: endometritis of the uterus, cervical erosion, oncology of the genital organs, inflammatory diseases appendages, sarcoma. In these cases, urgent consultation with a doctor is necessary. If bloody flows are accompanied by dull pain in the genital area, then this indicates the occurrence of an acute uterine inflammatory process.

A pink blood mass with a sharp, nasty odor before menstruation or immediately after menstruation is often caused by chronic forms of endometritis or endocervicitis. Prolonged and heavy red or brown discharge during the intermenstrual period indicates serious organ dysfunction. A common cause is considered to be a disruption in the production of hormones by the ovaries. Such disturbances cause disruptions throughout the menstrual cycle.

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In the middle of the cycle (days 11-14), unexpected bleeding may indicate the development of gynecological diseases. Physiological discharge can be considered, during this period it mainly consists of mucus, with traces of blood and lasts 0.5-3 days. If the content of the blood component increases and the course lasts longer, examinations are necessary, since such discharge may be the only symptom of a gynecological disease in a latent form.

Symptoms after sexual intercourse

Discharge of a brown, reddish, pink or dark shade with a bloody base may appear after or during sexual intercourse for the natural reasons discussed above, but a pathological component may also occur. Sometimes mechanical damage to the vaginal vault, the mucous membrane of the uterus or its cervix is caused by the destruction of eroded areas. There is a high probability that bleeding will be provoked by sexual intercourse in the presence of diseases such as inflammation of the uterine cervix (cervicitis) or inflammation of the vagina (vaginitis). Polyps and cervical erosions can appear through bleeding after sex.

Sexual contact can accelerate a similar symptom if a woman has infectious diseases, for example, chlamydia. The most likely infection and manifestation of sexually transmitted diseases. Bloody discharge in these cases is accompanied by additional symptoms - fever, burning, itching, foul odor. Such bleeding, provoked by sexual intercourse, can end quickly, but they have one feature - they tend to recur during subsequent contacts.

Diagnosis and treatment of pathology

If intermenstrual bleeding occurs with suspicion of a pathological nature of its origin, it is necessary to contact a gynecologist and undergo appropriate examinations. The doctor makes the primary diagnosis based on examination and gynecological examinations. To clarify, an ultrasound of the genitourinary system is performed and a smear is examined. Provides the necessary information general analysis blood and determination of hormone levels in the blood.

Treatment of bleeding, depending on its intensity, is aimed at stopping blood loss, eliminating the causes of bleeding and compensating for lost blood volume (eliminating anemia). Conservative treatment includes the following areas:

hormonal therapy (course treatment lasting 2.5-3.5 months) to restore hormonal balance;
symptomatic therapy (drugs with a hemostatic effect and drugs to enhance uterine contractions);
restorative therapy ( vitamin complexes, immunomodulators, etc.);
special therapy to eliminate provoking factors (for infections - antibiotics).

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The total duration of therapeutic effect is 1-6 months, depending on the severity of the process.

Bloody discharge during the intermenstrual period most often does not pose a serious danger to women's health, but should be taken with complete seriousness. They may be symptoms of pathological abnormalities that require urgent treatment. But even when the causes are not pathogenic in nature, it is necessary to control the process to avoid large blood losses, weakening of the body and infection. Self-medication is not recommended so as not to cause complications if an incorrect diagnosis is made. If you suspect a pathology, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Normal menstruation is characterized by bright red discharge, which intensifies in the middle of menstruation and gradually disappears after 3-7 days. Sometimes women experience discharge with blood, but not menstruation - scanty, spotting, irregular.

They are considered normal only in the initial phase of menopause, and in other cases they indicate hormonal imbalance, the development of diseases or other pathologies. Such leucorrhoea is especially dangerous at the beginning of pregnancy (3–6th week).

Abnormal periods can appear against the background of exacerbation of chronic infections, in the acute phase of various female diseases, and with the onset of menopause.

Orange, brown, red discharge, but not menstruation, can develop as a result of various pathologies:

Physiological mucus acquires an orange color as a result of a disease such as gonorrhea. Pathogenic microflora suppresses lactobacilli, and vaginal dysbiosis develops. At the same time, the menstrual cycle is disrupted. Scanty orange discharge appears. In addition, pain is felt in the lower back and abdomen, burning, itching, and an unpleasant smell of rotten fish appears. Also, similar secretion can be observed with vaginosis not associated with sexually transmitted diseases.
characterize inflammation of the cervix and appendages when using incorrectly selected contraceptives. Hormonal imbalance can cause pain in the lower back and abdomen and fever. Additionally, there is nausea (and even vomiting), and digestion is disrupted. Also, very dark secretion in a small volume can occur after an abortion and complicated childbirth, cervical biopsy, or when wearing a spiral.
Yellow or green leucorrhoea is a sign of increased bacterial flora. With an increase in leukocytes caused by the development of pathogenic microflora, inflammation occurs, as a result of which the vaginal mucus acquires this color.

Discharge in women instead of menstruation may also appear normally on early stages pregnancy, climate change, nervous fatigue, poor nutrition, hormonal therapy, decreased immunity.

Differences between menstruation and uterine bleeding

Discharge with blood during normal menstruation differs from pathological vaginal secretion. With standard menstruation:

menstruation has no odor;
the amount of blood lost ranges from 50 to 80 grams during the entire cycle;
The gasket must be replaced no more than once every 2 hours;
color dark red or slightly brown;
the consistency is normal, liquid, without inclusions of mucus, lumps, or flakes;
the appearance of discharge necessarily coincides with the days of expected menstruation.

Discharge of blood, but not menstruation, indicates the development of bleeding. Its main difference from menstruation:

the volume exceeds 90 grams per cycle, iron deficiency may develop;
duration - from 7 days or more, and in the second phase of menstruation the volume of released blood does not decrease;
there is no characteristic smell of blood;
Additionally, fever, dizziness, and weakness may occur;
almost continuous release of blood, and not in portions, as with regula;
bleeding does not necessarily coincide in time with critical days.

The menstrual cycle with metrorrhagia can increase to 35 days or more or, on the contrary, shorten by up to 21 days.

Causes of vaginal bleeding

Bloody discharge can occur for various reasons. , especially in the early stages, blood from the vagina often indicates pathology - placental abruption, an incipient miscarriage, less often - the attachment of the fertilized egg if conception occurred in the second phase of the cycle closer to the beginning of the next menstruation.

The presence of blood in the discharge indicates vascular damage, which develops with the growth of polyps, fibroids, and erosion. In this case, bloody secretion appears within 1–2 days after injury, for example, during examination or sexual intercourse.

The causes of bleeding after menstruation are possible hormonal imbalance, recent installation of an intrauterine device, treatment with hormone-containing drugs. Various gynecological pathologies change vaginal discharge, coloring it reddish, yellow, etc.

Symptoms and causes of red discharge - infection, growth of tumors, including malignant ones, hormonal imbalance. Among the physiological causes are the beginning menopause, exhaustion, in particular nervous, acute viral diseases.

After installation of the intrauterine device

The IUD today is considered one of the most reliable methods of contraception and is widely used in gynecology not only to prevent pregnancy, but also for treatment purposes. When using a spiral, the cervical canal is practically not disturbed, so the risk of bleeding is minimized.

Bloody discharge, but not menstruation, may appear in the first 3 weeks or less. This is due to the fact that during insertion the cervix is mechanically damaged, so bleeding increases slightly. If heavy bleeding does not stop within 24 hours, you should visit a doctor.

Light spotting leucorrhoea lasts longer. They talk about successful restoration of the cervix. They usually stop after 5-10 days, but can continue until the next menstruation.

The appearance of clots, increased blood secretion, a change in the color of secretion to green and yellow may indicate a hormonal imbalance, accession bacterial infection, development of endometriosis, damage to the cervix during installation, injury to the polyp or erosion during manipulation.

Secretion during an allergic reaction

The allergic mood of the body leads to changes in the functioning of almost all systems. The body perceives many familiar substances as foreign, releasing a large volume of histamine into the blood to fight foreign proteins.

The main manifestations are urticaria, dermatitis, the development of asthma, hay fever, and Quincke's edema. But red discharge, appearing instead of normal menstruation, can also develop against the background of exacerbation of allergies in women.

The nature of secretion may change when using hygiene products for washing or treating the external genitalia. If they contain substances to which a woman is allergic, the following symptoms are observed:

skin irritation, swelling, itching, burning;
development of various skin reactions - rashes, ulcers, papules, excessive dryness;
the appearance of vaginal discharge - usually it has a slightly pink tint, and can either coincide with menstruation or appear during any other period of the cycle.

In this case, mucous discharge with streaks is very easy to eliminate - just use a systemic antihistamine and treat the skin with special creams or ointments for several days.

Blood during ovulation and pregnancy

Bloody discharge during the ovulation phase is the norm for almost 30% of women of reproductive age. The main difference between ovulatory bleeding and menstruation is that it occurs in the middle of the cycle or towards the end (about 7 days before the expected start date of menstruation).

The reddish tint of secretion during ovulation appears against the background of natural changes in the female body:

at a certain period of the cycle, a dominant follicle develops, where the egg matures;
at the moment of ovulation, the follicle ruptures, releasing an egg ready for fertilization;
rupture of soft tissue provokes the appearance of brown discharge, which ends after 1–2 days.

Moderate discharge during ovulation is considered normal and does not pose a threat to a woman’s health. Regular ovulatory bleeding may indicate inflammatory process, rupture of cysts and polyps, damage to the mucous membrane.

Hormonal imbalance is also considered to be the cause of regular spotting. After conception, when you are pregnant, but you have a hormonal disorder, small brown discharge, coinciding with menstruation, may appear in the first and even in the second month.

After conception in the early stages, small discharges of blood are observed with an increase in the concentration of the hormone progesterone in the blood. There are several reasons for this pathology:

Embryo implantation. About 1 week after fertilization, the egg moves through the tube down to the uterus for further attachment to the mucosa. At the moment of attachment to the inner layer, damage occurs to the vessels, which, against the background of increased progesterone, are highly sensitive. The process takes about two days and falls on the date of the start of menstruation. At this time, a slight spotting and mild nagging pain may appear in the lower abdomen.
Late fertilization. If pregnancy occurs at the time when menstruation should begin, endometrial shedding may occur, causing bloody secretions to appear.
Maturation of 2 eggs in one cycle at different times. This is possible while taking drugs that stimulate ovulation. In this case, one egg is fertilized, which is safely attached inside the uterus, while the second (unfertilized) is excreted, causing slight bleeding in the early stages.
Hormonal imbalance, decreased progesterone concentration or insufficiency. With successful conception, they lead to the appearance of mucus instead of menstruation.

During pregnancy, any spotting requires medical evaluation and, if necessary, appropriate treatment.

Discharge due to sexual intercourse

With a red tint it indicates damage to the mucous membrane. There are several reasons for this phenomenon:

mechanical damage - minor injuries, cracks, hymen rupture, insufficient natural lubrication and intense sexual contact;
infectious diseases - in addition to brownish discharge after sex, a woman will be bothered by soreness, burning, itching;
inflammatory process;
neoplasms - with intense sexual intercourse, polyps, cysts, erosion, fibroids, malignant neoplasms will be subject to mechanical trauma, which provokes a brownish secretion.

A single appearance of brownish discharge is not dangerous. But if they accompany every intimate relationship for a long time, it is necessary to find out the reason.

Postpartum and postoperative period

The appearance of bloody secretion (lochia) after childbirth is considered normal. They occur because during delivery the uterine mucosa is damaged and blood leaks from the vessels at the placenta attachment site. The organ is cleansed of amniotic fluid, dead epithelium, and blood clots. As the wound heals, the lochia stops (on average after 5–7 weeks).

The duration of the appearance of dark bloody discharge in the period after childbirth depends on several factors:

The more intense the uterus contracts, the faster the bleeding stops. Accordingly, the more often the child is applied to the breast, thereby toning the reproductive organ, the faster the lochia ends.
In women after 30–35 years, the ability to restore tissue decreases; the wound will take longer to heal.
Individual speed of blood clotting. In women with pathologies of the hematopoietic system, bleeding may occur instead of lochia, requiring medical intervention.

In the first 3–4 days after delivery, lochia is similar to normal menstruation with a volume of blood released up to half a liter. Gradually, the amount of secretion decreases to 100 milliliters per day.

The danger remains in the first couple of hours after delivery. Hypotonic bleeding occurs against the background of decreased contraction of the uterine muscles. To prevent this condition, oxytocin is administered to increase uterine contractility. Also empties bladder, a heating pad with ice is placed on the stomach.

Bleeding may occur when the neck ruptures. In this case, the wounds are sutured and the hematomas are opened.

In the postoperative period after amputation of the uterus, surgical treatment ectopic pregnancy and in other cases, the discharge is abundant, of a bright scarlet hue. A small number of dark clots may appear. The spotting may continue for another 30–40 days.

Bleeding in the postoperative period occurs for the following reasons:

lifting weights and increased physical activity;
unprofessional treatment of open vessels;
decreased blood clotting;
sexual intercourse immediately after surgery.

Acyclic discharge in pathologies

Abundant and stringy red leucorrhoea can appear due to various diseases, such as:

adnexitis;
vaginitis;
bacterial vaginosis;
candidiasis;
STD.

With such pathologies, additional symptoms are observed: pain during sexual intercourse, examination, douching, tissue swelling, itching, burning, pain, and the development of fever, weakness, and iron deficiency anemia is also possible.

The appearance of unusual, scanty red secretion instead of menstruation may be normal and indicate changes in the body, including hormonal ones, but more often it indicates the development of a pathology, the cause of which must be identified by a doctor.