Beautiful roofs of houses with an attic and a balcony. Mansard roof: design features and layout. Floor covering materials

Surely, sooner or later, every owner of a private house comes up with the idea of ​​arranging an attic roof - the so-called attic. It allows you to expand the space of the building, thereby preserving the treasured meters of the site itself. In addition, if you show a little imagination in the construction and decoration of this part of the house, then a non-standard and attractive look will delight not only guests, but also ordinary passers-by. You can learn how to competently combine all the requirements for the safety of construction and an individual design plan from this article.

What it is?

Many people associate the image of the attic with the bohemian creative life of Paris, whose representatives - writers, musicians and artists - lived on the topmost dimly lit and unheated floors. In the literal sense, these were utility rooms that the poor could only afford.

Today, the presence and design of the mansard roof speaks of the wealth and sense of taste of the owner. The architectural geometry of the roof, unusual combinations of window openings and balconies will not only highlight a private house among others, but also functionally increase the living space, eliminating the cost of another floor.

Also, the room can affect the reduction of heat loss of the building. Officially, according to all standards, the attic must have a height of at least 2.5 m from the floor level, otherwise it will be considered an attic.

When building a mansard roof in Russia, one should remember about the peculiarities of natural conditions - rather frosty winters with frequent temperature changes require special attention to the quality of insulation of the attic room.

Device Features

The design features of the attic oblige to adhere to some rules:

• soundproofing;
• reliable insulation and vapor barrier;
• no stretch marks and bevels;
• ventilation gap;
• functional and aesthetic combination with the overall exterior of the house.

At the same time, compliance with all the rules does not limit the choice of options for all kinds of designs of the structure itself: single-pitched, double-pitched, broken, two-level, conical roofs, with or without a balcony, mid-pivot or balcony skylights. Lots of variations. For reliability and safety, it is important to choose the type of roof, calculate the dimensions, the amount of insulation and roofing materials.

Comfortable living in the attic directly depends on thermal insulation which will allow you to enjoy a slight coolness in summer and keep warm in winter. Consider the method of laying the "pie" of the mansard roof, which will serve not only as a heater and the base of the roof, but also as protection against all surfaces inside the attic floor - the ceiling, floor and walls. It is important to first draw up an attic plan with all communications and an indication of the thermal conductivity of the materials from which the building and load-bearing coatings were erected. Only after this is the selection and calculation of the insulation made.

Particular attention should be paid to the indispensable presence and exact sequence of each layer of the "pie" of attic insulation:

1. vapor barrier layer;
2. insulation;
3. ventilation gap;
4. waterproofing material;
5. roofing.

In this list, the layer of insulation and ventilation are especially important. The following materials can be used as a heater.

Styrofoam

A modern demanded material with a low density, but at the same time high strength. Differs in soundproofing, does not give in to corrosion and does not attract dust. However, a significant disadvantage is the high flammability and the release of toxic substances. If we dwell on this insulation, then the foam layer must be protected by at least 3 cm of a fire-retardant structure, for example, with a two-layer drywall. In addition, the foam is susceptible to the influence of rodents.

Mineral wool

The most common material for attic insulation. Among her characteristic features- resistance to temperature extremes, fire safety, high sound and heat insulation, harmlessness from an environmental point of view. It can be purchased in the form of a roll, plate or mat. The latter is recommended as an attic insulation. The material certainly needs good ventilation.

polyurethane foam

The main advantages are durability, long-term use, not susceptible to moisture, mold, suitable for any surface, non-toxic. But behind all the advantages lies the high cost and the work of exclusively specialists with equipment.

It must be remembered that the thickness of the insulation layer is determined depending on the climatic zone.

To insulate the attic you will need:

• waterproofing film;
• insulation material;
• vapor barrier;
• mounting tape;
• cord (nylon);
• nails;
• hammer;
• pliers;
• sharp knife.

The thermal insulation of a room is directly related to the quality, type and size of skylights; their structures are usually placed between the roof rafters in order to avoid costly reconstructions. Therefore, in choosing it is important to focus on the available dimensions. Among other things, you need to take into account the height of the slopes, total area and purpose of the space.

The standard sizes of roof windows are considered to be 78x118, 78x140, 78x160 cm and larger ones - 94x140, 114x118 and 114x140 cm.

In the event that the rafters are installed closer than the established frame standards, it is likely that a custom-made window will be required, which, of course, will affect costs.

According to the way of opening roof windows are divided into:

• mid-turn structures;
• with side axle
• raised axis of rotation;
• with bottom axle
• the combined axis allowing to turn a leaf on 180º.

The most popular option among Russian summer residents is with a central axis of rotation. As advantages - ease of use (such windows are easy to clean).

Remote-controlled windows are a separate variety, which will be convenient if the location does not allow you to reach them on your own. Often equipped with rain sensors.

Depending on the model, several types of windows can be distinguished.

• Vertical. They are mounted in a special so-called attic "birdhouse", because of which you have to slightly change the roof structure. However, they guarantee a large amount of light.

• Balcony attic. They are two wings, when opened, one rises, the lower one moves forward, forming a miniature parapet. Just like the previous model, they require a lot of money.

It should be noted that, if load-bearing walls are possible, a hanging balcony can also be made, which can be located either on columns serving and decorating in front of the entrance, or you can move the gable (part of the end wall between the roof slopes and the cornice) of the attic floor from the load-bearing wall, and the ledge roof done by continuing the roof to the level of the outer wall.

• Extensions. Decorative window tops. They fit perfectly into the design and most often have a round, semicircular or triangular shape.

• Light tunnel. It combines a reflective tunnel into the room and a ceiling lamp directly in the room itself, which evenly scatters light.

• Cornice models. They are located at a right angle in the gap between the wall with the roof.

• Glazed bay window. A rather exotic and costly glazing model. The structure extends beyond the plane of the wall.

Leading Russian manufacturers of high-quality roof windows are Velux, Fakro, Roto. Velux models are slightly more expensive. For example, a window measuring 78 cm will cost 21-24 thousand rubles, wider - from 26 thousand.

Also, do not forget about some additional useful accessories:

• blackout curtains;
• roller shutters, blinds;
• heat-absorbing nets;
• mosquito nets.

According to the established norms, the glazed area should be at least 10% of the floor area.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of the attic floor can rightly be considered:

• Profitability. The attic allows you to reduce the cost of heating the room. The air space between the floor and ceiling of the attic does not allow the generated heat to escape through the roof. The low thermal conductivity of the air allows more heat to be stored on the ground floor.
• The savings on the completion of another floor or an increase in living space due to the expansion of the foundation are also obvious. The attic allows you to get constructive additional space at minimal cost.
• aesthetic appeal. Undoubtedly, the attic with the complexity and expressiveness of the roof gives the building a harmonious, architectural and finished look.
• Construction speed. Such an extension will not last for several years, as is often the case with the expansion of the foundation. Installation can be completed within a week.

In addition to the advantages, there are also disadvantages.

• Savings on heating and replacing the second floor with an attic in the future will result in a pretty penny. The room provides for the installation of specialized windows, which are much more expensive than ordinary ones.
• Sloped ceilings reduce the height of the walls.

• The vulnerability of the structure is due to the fact that the attic takes on all the main "impacts" of nature, and therefore needs increased attention and periodic inspection. If it is necessary to repair or replace the insulation, damage to the finish along with the vapor barrier cannot be avoided.
• A complex coal roof leads to the formation of hard-to-ventilate areas, which negatively affects the quality of the coating.
• Individual requirements for hydro- and thermal insulation.

Problems that can be encountered during the construction of the attic:

Undoubtedly, the ideal option for the attic would be to include it in the project drawing even before the start of construction work at home. But often the idea of ​​​​an attic comes with the need to expand the usable living space after a certain period of use. In this case, one has to deal with the choice of the type of construction. There are such types of mansard roofs.

Shed

The usual uncomplicated attic with one corner of the roof and one full wall, which allows you to expand the area. The most successful angle of inclination in this variant is in the region of 35°-45°. Otherwise, it may lead to the accumulation of a large amount of snow. The slope is located on the windy side. At the same time, window frames can be placed both on an inclined roofing surface and on the main vertical wall. However, this design is not used so often, because due to the norms of wall heights of more than 2.5 m, the slope turns out to be very steep. And this requires strengthening the frame of the rafters and, therefore, extra costs. However, such a roof looks rather non-standard.

gable

A more rational and optimal option due to the uniform rise of the ceiling, in contrast to the single-slope model. Two roof slopes are located at the same angle to the walls. For a rational distribution of space, 45 ° is enough. It is also divided into subspecies: symmetrical with a ridge above the middle of the house and asymmetric with a shift from the center. The pediments in this version are straight, and the room takes the form of a trapezoid. Such an attic can be equipped with a balcony at the end, and the design of the structure itself allows you to get rid of the “cubism” typical for a house. However, this also seems to be a significant disadvantage, limiting the area of ​​​​the attic space on the sides. As an exit, you can provide this space for pantries or cabinets.

broken line

The most common type in the construction of the attic without the involvement of specialists. In fact, the same gable structure, but built from two parts located under different slopes. The advantage of a broken shape can be considered the ability to avoid the formation of uninhabitable "dead" zones at the junction of walls and ceiling, as in a gable structure. By reducing the angle of inclination, the height of the walls increases. And the presence of two slopes allows you to reduce the load on the roof.

When choosing this option, it is important to pay attention to the special tipping truss system.

With remote consoles

This design provides for the displacement of the vertical wall of the attic to the edge of the facade of the house or beyond. This feature allows you to significantly expand the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. The rafters are reinforced with struts and rest on floor beams that protrude beyond the load-bearing walls. The vertical wall provides a flight of fancy in the choice of window design.

Two-level

This type of attic is designed exclusively together with the dwelling and is considered the most complex structure. It consists of several rooms at different levels and is not some separate part of the building, but a full-fledged room in the structure of the whole house. With this design, it turns out not a one-story attic, but two additional mini-floors. Particular attention should be paid to the preliminary calculation of the load on the walls and rafter system.

Multi-gable roof

The intricacy of the design is expressed in a whole complex of angular protrusions. The non-standard appearance, the strength of the truss structure and the absence of accumulation of precipitation are priority over the difficulties of design and increase in calculations. However, such characteristics require the work of exclusively specialized personnel. And the cost of such a mansard roof significantly exceeds the prices of other types of structures.

Four-slope

This design of the roof of the house is considered the most attractive. In addition, it is very convenient to maintain - precipitation almost does not accumulate on it, and due to the inclined design, the wind does not carry a large load, as a result of which such a roof will last longer. However, during construction, you will have to significantly spend money on warming such an attic. But there will not be so much usable living space due to the sloping ceiling on all four sides.

hip

They are a typical version of a four-pitched type of roof. A comfortable and spacious space is obtained by increasing the area of ​​​​the two facade slopes of the house, made in the form of a trapezoid. Hips are also called slopes from the end of the building in the form of triangles. The semi-hip construction is a slope that does not reach from the ridge to the eaves. This type of roof is used infrequently, since the truss system is one of the most expensive and complex.

Shatrovaya

A suitable option for a square-shaped house. The roof in this design is the slopes of the same parameters and requires arrangement by specialists. Among the options are 4 or more slopes, in the form of a dome or pyramid.

Asymmetrical

It turns out as a result of lengthening one of the surfaces of the roof. Such an attic looks both outside and inside very non-standard. Behind the seemingly simple roof displacement lies a detailed calculation of the load parameters for each wall. Living space in such a room will be unevenly distributed depending on the side and angle of the roof.

With "cuckoo"

"Cuckoos" in this case are called small protrusions in the shape of a triangle, where windows are most often located. Moreover, on one slope there may be several such structures with individual truss systems. The shape of the structure can be completely different, both one- and four-slope.

L-shaped

Quite an inexpensive option for a roof with a non-standard look. Most often, two gable roofs are used for this, docking with each other at a right angle, which is the most difficult structural unit. Of course, such models are mainly used in buildings of a similar shape.

Having listed the main forms of attic structures, it should be added that combinations of such roofs are also possible. Let's say a shed can be erected as a broken line. The most important thing in this case is to comply with all operational and design requirements during construction.

Shapes and sizes

The construction of the attic floor also has variability in terms of the embodiment of various architectural forms of the room itself. The geometry of the attic room can be triangular or broken, cubic or L-shaped, symmetrical or asymmetric, one-story or two-level, occupy the entire space of the house, only partly or even with removal outside the load-bearing walls based on columns. Lots of alternatives. A complex design involves the correct calculations of dimensions and the preparation of a construction plan.

Calculating the exact parameters of the attic floor area involves a number of preliminary calculations. To draw up a project, it is required to schematically divide the space into simple geometric shapes: trapezoids, rectangles, parallelograms, squares, triangles, and after calculating the area of ​​each of them, add up the results. This principle applies to almost all attic structures. And if all the height standards (at least 2.5 m) of the attic are met, then the floor area should be at least 16 m².

It should be noted that in addition to the established height parameters, where such calculations are possible, there are attics of other sizes:

• attic in the range from 0.8 to 1.5 m;
• semi-attic less than 0.8 m.

In such cases, or when the slope of the roof is quite significant, the following formula is applied:

P \u003d AxL + 2Bx0.7L

P \u003d L (A + 1.4B),

where P is the area;

L - the length of the attic plane;

A - floor width for walls above 1.1 m;

B - floor width for walls above 0.8 m.

The usable living area is calculated from the points on the ceiling, located 90 cm perpendicular to the floor. The rest is considered a "dead" zone.

Such formulas allow both to calculate the strength and weight of the structure, and to determine the amount and type of material used.

Thanks to modern technologies today it is quite possible to carry out calculations of the parameters of the mansard roof online. To do this, you need to enter data on the type of attic, scheme roof frame, material of a roof and a heater.

truss system

The converted truss system is the key difference between mansard roofs and others. This already heavy structure can withstand the weight of the roof, floor beams, the load of the attic floor, and precipitation. Therefore, only one that is made in compliance with all requirements can be considered a reliable and durable system.

One of the basic rules is that the system should provide for an even distribution of pressure on the base and load-bearing walls.

Only high-quality, well-dried and antiseptic-treated wood is used. The optimal parameters of the rafters are 100 × 100 mm in cross section, they will create a weather-resistant structure.

Cutting a tree into the lower crown is strictly prohibited. The slope of the rafters is in the range from 30°–60°. For their fastening, exclusively rigid metal materials (corners, staples, nails) are used.

Particular attention should be paid to the pitch of the rafters, since the choice of the width of the insulation and the size of the windows located between the two rafters depend on this. It is worth adding that the step width between them should be 3 cm less than the width of the insulation to reduce waste.

All of the above requirements are met regardless of the choice of one of the types of construction of the truss system, which is of the following types.

hanging

Differs in economy and a practicality. This design rests on the side walls of the structure, and the rafter legs are fastened with horizontal jumpers for rigidity - crossbars, which also serve as the basis for the ceiling. The advantage is the location of the main elements of the system outside the used part of the room, which allows you to expand the usable space.

When installing such a system, you should pay attention to the fact that:

• roof overhang supports should not fall on the bottom, brought out beyond the bearing walls, rafter legs;
• for roof rigidity, a wind board should be nailed between the ridge and the Mauerlat;
• the moisture content of the rafter wood should not exceed 15%. Otherwise, the system may lose stability. If such material is nevertheless used, then it is better to connect it with the help of bolts, which, if necessary, can be tightened.

Layered

It is used in attics with a load-bearing partition in the center of the room, which is an additional support. Most often, such a system is used for large areas of the house and heavy roofing materials. The design principle consists in laying a plank on the inner walls, which acts instead of a Mauerlat, and installing a special rack to support the ridge run.

Features of the arrangement of the layered system:

• the thickness of each element is from 5 cm;
• all nodes are smooth and located exclusively in the proper places according to the project;
• the connection of the Mauerlat and the rafter leg is strictly horizontal;
• symmetry in the position of racks and struts;
• reliable and high-quality ventilation;
• waterproofing at the junction of knots and masonry;
• the length of the rafter leg without support - up to 4.5 m.

The independent design of the truss system provides for the implementation of a certain order and requirements:

• Mounting the Mauerlat (the base of the rafter system over the area of ​​​​the house). The strength of the fastening with the lower slings will protect against a “roof failure” in the literal sense of this expression. The material used is dry processed bars with a section of 150x100 mm. Mauerlat transfers some of the load of the truss system to the walls.
• The base of the beams is laid horizontally, always using a level. Fastens to walls with bolts or brackets.
• The waterproofing layer is located on the crowns, columns of the frame building or on the brickwork. You can use roofing felt, roofing material, bitumen.

• Frame racks. Ideally even vertical and horizontal racks are fastened with staples or nails to long beams, insulation is placed between the vertical ones. Before continuing work, it is mandatory to check the racks for mobility - they should not loosen. Otherwise, strengthen with braces or screeds.
• Runs fasten the rafter legs. There is a ridge run on top, side ones on the side. If the length of the rafter legs is less than 8 m, it is not necessary to install a ridge. An element that performs its functions can be stretch marks that fix the attic ceiling.
• The final stage of the construction of the system is the fastening of the crate.

Of undoubted importance for the roofing system is the crate, which takes on all its load.

It consists of bars laid perpendicular to the legs of the rafters. Moreover, different materials are used here depending on the type of coating: boards, timber, plywood, tes. Although usually a 40–50 mm edged board is used for this. Soft types of cover suggest a continuous crate, and with harder materials, a distance between the boards of 25–40 cm is provided.

All rafters are connected at the highest point of the roof - the ridge. The ridge gives the whole structure rigidity and stability. Therefore, it is obvious that the duration of operation of the entire roof depends on the reliability of this part of the system.

The connection of the rafters, and, consequently, the formation of the ridge, occurs with the help of such fasteners:

• overlap is formed by laying rafters on top of each other and connecting through fasteners;
• cutting into half a tree as a result of laying rafters, in which half the thickness and fastening are selected at the edges;
• trimming the end sides of the bars involves the imposition of rafters on top of each other and trimming in a mirror image at one angle.

In the area of ​​​​the ridge, the rafters are fastened with overlays of plates made of wood or metal, metal corners, brackets, brackets, wooden wedges, nail plates. During the construction of the rafter system, the installation of such an important part of the house as the cornice is carried out. To do this, either the length of the rafters increases, or a filly is used.

Among his primary tasks:

• protection of walls from moisture and dirt;
• partially eliminates the ingress of water and snow from the roof to the foundation of the building, preventing blur;
• harmonious and complete view of the overall structure of the roof of the house.

building requirements

The design of the attic floor involves the following requirements:

• interconnection of communications of the attic space and the whole house;
• the selected material for the attic must be technically and harmoniously connected with the building material;

• compliance of the plan of the additional floor with the design of the building;
• compliance with safety rules when carrying out work with the presence of people in a residential area;
• strict adherence to fire safety rules;
• compliance of the light-transparent fence with the general concept of the building style.

Mounting technology

The assembly of all elements of the attic room occurs in this order:

• the calculation of the strength of the building is best done with the involvement of specialists;
• preparation of the attic and roof project can also take place with the participation of qualified people or on the basis of a ready-made version;
• dismantling of the old roof, if it is no longer a new building that is being rebuilt;

• truss manufacturing wooden frame- one of the most difficult points in the construction of the attic;
• it is necessary to verify the accuracy of the erection with the help of a cord stretched between the arches, which ideally should be in a horizontal position;
• fixing the arches with each other with nail plates or stamping corners;
• vapor barrier material inside rafter systems, fixed with building brackets;
• a layer of insulation tightly adjacent to the rafters;
• installation of the crate on the insulation material is carried out using wooden bars;

• waterproofing is laid on the outside of the rafter system - often a plastic film is used for this, and another layer of boards is stuffed on top of this layer;

• for natural ventilation of the space under the roof, special cavities are arranged between the hydro- and heat-insulating layers in the area of ​​​​the eaves, which are displayed in the upper part of the ridge;
• frame overlap roofing material depending on the preferences of the owner of the house.

Among the options for finishing coating, you can consider the following options:

• Metal tiles are used not only because of their attractive appearance. This material is excellent value for money. Durable, light in both installation and weight. Reliably withstands shock, but at the same time it transmits all sounds well, which is the main drawback.

A house with an attic is not only an additional living space, but also a respectable view of the entire building. Even if the room under the roof is made unheated and is used only in the summer, it still creates a powerful "air cushion" that helps to retain heat inside the entire capital building.

And about, then - read on our portal.

Attic project

When drawing up a scheme for building an attic, it is best to do this in different projections in order to see and understand the placement of all elements of the truss system. It is very important to correctly calculate the height of the roof ridge, since the size of the area under it will directly depend on it.

When drawing up a scheme-project for the construction of a mansard roof, you need to calculate the height of the ridge, the ceiling and the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.

The minimum height from the floor to the ridge should be 2.5-2.7 m, if this distance is less, then the room is not an attic, it can only be called an attic. This parameter is set by the norms of SNIP.

To ensure that all elements are drawn accurately and have the desired location in common system you need to start from a figure with right angles, that is, a rectangle or square - a section of the created attic room. Based on the sides (height and width of the future room), it will be almost impossible to make a mistake with the angles at which roof slopes are located, with the location of the ridge, rafters and all retaining elements. Determining these parameters, they must immediately be entered into the drawing.

First you need to find the middle of the width of the front wall. Starting from this point, the parameters of the height of the ridge, the future ceiling of the attic, the location of the rack-walls and the size of the cornice overhang are determined.

Due to the fact that each of the structures has a certain number of connecting nodes that have different configurations, it would be nice to draw each of these ligaments separately in order to understand their features of conjugation among themselves of all elements connecting at this point.

Any truss system consists of basic elements and additional ones, which may not be in every design. The main components of the mansard roof are.

• Floor beams, which are the basis for the rest of the elements of the truss system. They are laid on the main walls of the building.
• Rafter leg, straight in a gable roof system or consisting of two sections - in a broken pattern. In this case, the upper rafter is called the ridge rafter, as it forms the highest point of the roof - and the rafters that form the walls of the attic are called side rafters.
• A ridge board or beam is an indispensable element for a gable roof, but is not always used when constructing a broken roof model.
• Mauerlat - a powerful bar, fixed to the main side walls of the building. Rafter legs are installed on this element.
• Racks are supporting elements necessary to strengthen a gable and broken structure. In the latter case, a ridge and side rafters are attached to it, and in the first case, the stand is a reliable support for a long rafter. In addition, the racks serve as a frame for insulation and sheathing of the attic walls.
• Diagonal braces or bevels additionally hold the posts or stringers and rafters together, making the structure more durable.
• Attic floor beams are used in all attic options - they connect the racks, and they are also the frame for the ceiling device.
• Interrafter runs are installed in a broken form of the roof for structural rigidity.

To be sure that the prepared project is developed correctly, you need to show it to a specialist. Only he can determine whether the attic parameters are correctly selected for the width and length of the walls of the building.

Video: professional mansard roof calculation using special software

Parameters of materials for the construction of a mansard roof

If the graphic project is ready, then, starting from the dimensions marked on it, you can calculate the amount of materials needed to build a mansard roof. Materials must be selected according to their characteristics, which must meet the requirements of fire and environmental safety. For wood, it is necessary to provide special treatment with fire retardants, which will reduce the combustibility of the material. So, for the construction you will need:

• Boards for rafter legs. Their cross section is selected according to the results of special calculations - this will be discussed in more detail below.
• A beam having a cross section of 100 × 150 or 150 × 200 mm - for floor beams, depending on the chosen truss system and the width between the bearing walls, as well as for girders, diagonal legs or valleys - if they are provided for by the design.
• Beam with a section of 100 × 150 mm or 150 × 150 mm for laying Mauerlat.
• For racks, a beam of 100 × 100 or 150 × 150 mm is usually used.
• Unedged board for subflooring and some fasteners.
• Annealed steel wire with a diameter of 3-4 mm - for fastening together some parts.
• Nails, bolts, staples different sizes, corners of various configurations and other fasteners.
• Metal sheet with a thickness of at least 1 mm - for cutting overlays.
• Lumber for battens and counter battens for roofing material - depending on the type of roofing chosen.
• - for thermal insulation of the roof.
• Waterproofing and vapor barrier membranes.
• Roofing material and fasteners for it.

What section are required rafters

Rafters are roofing elements that will perceive the main external loads, therefore, the requirements for their cross section are very special.

The size of the required lumber will depend on many parameters - on the step between the rafter legs, on the length of these legs between the support points, on the snow and wind load that falls on them.

The geometric parameters of the design of the truss system are easy to determine in the drawing. But with the rest of the parameters - you will have to refer to the reference material and carry out some calculations.

Snow load is not the same for different regions of our country. The figure below shows a map on which the entire territory of Russia is divided into zones according to the intensity of the snow load.

There are eight such zones in total (the last, eighth, is more likely to be extreme, and it can not be considered for the construction of a mansard roof).

Now you can accurately determine the snow load, which will depend on the angle of the roof slope. For this, there is the following formula:

S = Sg × μ

Sg- tabular value - see the map and the table attached to it

μ — correction factor depending on the steepness of the roof slope.

• If the slope angle is less 25° then μ=1.0
• With a steepness from 25 to 60 ° - μ=0.7
• If the roof is steeper than 60 °, then it is considered that the snow does not linger on it, and the snow load is not taken into account at all.

It is characteristic that if the mansard roof has a broken structure, then for its different sections the load can have different values.

The angle of the roof slope can always be determined either by a protractor - according to the drawing, or by a simple ratio of the height and base of the triangle (usually - half the width of the span):

The wind load also mainly depends on the region of construction of the building and on the characteristics of its environment and roof height.

And again, for the calculation, the initial data on the map and the table attached to it are first determined:

The calculation for a particular building will be carried out according to the formula:

Wp = W × k × c

W- tabular value, depending on the region

k- coefficient taking into account the height of the building and its location (see table)

The following zones are indicated in the table with letters:

• zone A - open areas, steppes, forest-steppes, deserts, tundra or forest-tundra, open to the winds of the coast of the seas, large lakes and reservoirs.
• zone B - urban areas, wooded areas, areas with frequent obstacles to the wind, relief or artificial, at least 10 meters high.
• zone IN- dense urban development with an average height of buildings above 25 meters.

With- coefficient depending on the predominant wind direction (wind rose of the region) and on the angle of inclination of the roof slopes.

With this coefficient, the situation is somewhat more complicated, since the wind can have a double effect on the roof slopes. So, it has a direct, overturning effect directly on the roof slopes. But at small angles, the aerodynamic effect of the wind takes on special significance - it tries to raise the slope plane due to the emerging lifting forces.

In the drawings, diagrams and tables attached to them, the sections of the roof that are subject to maximum wind loads are indicated, and the corresponding coefficients for calculation are indicated.

It is characteristic that at slope angles up to 30 degrees (and this is quite possible in the section of ridge rafters), the coefficients are indicated both with a plus sign and negative, that is, directed upwards. They somewhat extinguish the frontal wind load (this is taken into account in the calculations), and in order to level the effect of lifting forces, it will be necessary to very carefully fix the truss system and roofing material in this area using additional connections, for example, using annealed steel wire.

After the wind and snow loads are calculated, they can be summed up, and, taking into account the design features of the system being created, determine the cross section of the boards for the rafters.

Please note that the data are given for the most commonly used coniferous material (pine, spruce, cedar or larch). The table shows the maximum length of the rafters between the support points, the cross section of the board depending on the grade of the material, and the step between the rafters.

The value of the total load is indicated in kPa (Kilopascals). It is not difficult to bring this value into more familiar kilograms per square meter. With quite acceptable rounding, you can accept: 1 kPa ≈ 100 kg/m².

The dimensions of the board along its section are rounded up to the standard sizes of sawn timber.

	rafter section (mm)	Distance between adjacent rafters (mm)
		300	600	900	300	600	900
		1.0 kPa			1.5 kPa
higher	40×89	3.22	2.92	2.55	2.81	2.55	2.23
	40×140	5.06	4.60	4.02	4.42	4.02	3.54
	50×184	6.65	6.05	5.28	5.81	5.28	4.61
	50×235	8.50	7.72	6.74	7.42	6.74	5.89
	50×286	10.34	9.40	8.21	9.03	8.21	7.17
1 or 2	40×89	3.11	2.83	2.47	2.72	2.47	2.16
	40×140	4.90	4.45	3.89	4.28	3.89	3.40
	50×184	6.44	5.85	5.11	5.62	5.11	4.41
	50×235	8.22	7.47	6.50	7.18	6.52	5.39
	50×286	10.00	9.06	7.40	8.74	7.66	6.25
3	40×89	3.06	2.78	2.31	2.67	2.39	1.95
	40×140	4.67	4.04	3.30	3.95	3.42	2.79
	50×184	5.68	4.92	4.02	4.80	4.16	3.40
	50×235	6.95	6.02	4.91	5.87	5.08	4.15
	50×286	8.06	6.98	6.70	6.81	5.90	4.82
total snow and wind load		2.0 kPa			2.5 kPa
higher	40×89	4.02	3.65	3.19	3.73	3.39	2.96
	40×140	5.28	4.80	4.19	4.90	4.45	3.89
	50×184	6.74	6.13	5.35	6.26	5.69	4.97
	50×235	8.21	7.46	6.52	7.62	6.92	5.90
	50×286	2.47	2.24	1.96	2.29	2.08	1.82
1 or 2	40×89	3.89	3.53	3.08	3.61	3.28	2.86
	40×140	5.11	4.64	3.89	4.74	4.31	3.52
	50×184	6.52	5.82	4.75	6.06	5.27	4.30
	50×235	7.80	6.76	5.52	7.06	6.11	4.99
	50×286	2.43	2.11	1.72	2.21	1.91	1.56
3	40×89	3.48	3.01	2.46	3.15	2.73	2.23
	40×140	4.23	3.67	2.99	3.83	3.32	2.71
	50×184	5.18	4.48	3.66	4.68	4.06	3.31
	50×235	6.01	5.20	4.25	5.43	4.71	3.84
	50×286	6.52	5.82	4.75	6.06	5.27	4.30

Tools

Naturally, during work, one cannot do without tools, the list of which includes:

• Electric drill, screwdriver.
• Building level and plumb line, tape measure, square.
• Axe, chisel, chisel, hammer
• Circular saw, jigsaw, hacksaw.
• Carpentry knife.

Installation will be accelerated if the tools for work are of high quality, and the work is carried out with competent mentors, with assistants, carefully and in stages.

Installation steps

It is necessary to strictly observe the sequence of work - only under this condition the design will turn out to be reliable and durable.

Mauerlat mount

The installation of any truss system begins with fixing a powerful supporting structure at the end of the side walls of the structure. timber - Mauerlat on which it will be convenient to install rafter legs. Mauerlat is made from a high-quality bar with a cross section of at least 100 × 150 mm. It must be laid on the roofing material waterproofing laid along the upper end of the wall (regardless of the material).

Due to the Mauerlat, the load will be evenly distributed along the walls and transferred to the foundation of the building.

The Mauerlat is fixed to the wall with metal studs, which are pre-embedded in a concrete belt or a crown running along the upper edge of the wall, or with anchor bolts with a diameter of 12 mm. They must go deep into the wall by at least 150 — 170 mm. If the Mauerlat is installed on a wooden wall, then the bars are attached to it with the help of wooden dowels.

Installation of the truss structure

• Installation of the truss system begins with the installation of floor beams. They can be mounted on the Mauerlat from above if the beams are planned to be taken out of the perimeter of the building and thereby increase the attic area. In this design, the rafter legs are fixed to the floor beams.

Floor beams fixed on top of the Mauerlat (Fig. A)

• Otherwise, they may fit into waterproofed walls and fastened with corners or staples to the inner edge of the Mauerlat. This option is used when the rafter legs are planned to be fixed directly to the Mauerlat.

Another option - only rafter legs are attached to the Mauerlat

• Next, you need to find the middle of the floor beam, since this mark will become a guideline for determining the location of the support posts and the ridge.
• Racks should be located at the same distance from the marked middle of the floor beam. In the future, they will begin to determine the location of the walls of the attic room, that is, its width.
• Bars for racks should have a cross section equal to the size of the floor beams. Construction sites are attached to the beams with the help of special corners and wooden linings. However, to begin with, they are first baited with nails, then carefully leveled with the help of a building level and a plumb line, and only then they are fixed thoroughly, with the expectation of future loads.

• When the first pair of racks is installed, they are fastened together from above with a bar, which is called a puff. This puff is also connected to the racks using special metal corners.

• After fixing the puff, you get a U-shaped design. Layered rafters are installed on it on the sides, which are attached to the floor beam with their second end or are laid on the Mauerlat.
• A special notch (groove) is cut out on the installed supports for the timber or in the rafters. With its use the rafters are tightly installed on the mauerlat beam, and fastened with metal brackets.

• For structural rigidity, struts can be additionally installed from the base of the rack to the middle of the installed side rafter. If this seems not enough, and saving material is not in the foreground, then you can strengthen the overall design with additional racks and contractions (they are indicated in the drawing in Fig. A with translucent lines).
• Further, the middle is calculated on the puff - a headstock will be attached to this place, supporting the ridge connection of the upper hanging subsystem of the rafters.
• The next step is to install ridge rafters, which can be fastened together with different connections - this can be a metal lining or powerful bolts with metal plates or pucks.

• After their installation, a headstock is attached to the ridge and the middle of the puff.
• Having completed work on one part of the truss system, you need to make all the rest according to the same principle. The distance between adjacent rafters in such a system should be no more than 900 — 950 mm, but the interval of 600 mm will probably still be optimal - this will give both the necessary rigidity and stability of the structure, and will be convenient for insulation using standard mineral wool mats. True, this makes the structure heavier and requires more materials.

• First, the side parts of the complete system are installed, and then the intermediate ones. Between themselves, they are connected by runs, which are installed between the upper ends of the racks and act as spacers. Thus, a rigid structure of the attic rafters will be obtained, in which the frame for wall cladding will already be ready.

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Fasteners for rafters

Mansard roof waterproofing

When the truss system is built, you can proceed to finishing it and their accompanying materials.

• The first coating to be fixed immediately on top of the rafters will be waterproofing and windproof film. it is attached to the rafters with staples and a stapler, starting from the eaves. Cloths are overlapped by 150 — 200 mm, and then the joints are glued with waterproof tape.
• On top of the waterproofing, a counter-lattice is stuffed onto the rafters, which will more reliably fix the film on the surface and create the necessary ventilation distance between the windproof and roofing material. The counter-lattice is usually made of boards with a width of 100 — 150 mm and 50 thick — 70 mm.

• A crate is fixed perpendicular to the counter-lattice, on which the roofing material will then be laid. The step between the rails must be calculated depending on the type and size of the sheet roofing material, taking into account the overlap required for it.
• If a soft roof is chosen, then plywood sheets are most often fixed to the counter-lattice.

Roofing installation

Roofing material is fixed on the prepared crate or plywood. Its installation usually starts from the roof eaves and runs in order, from one of the edges - depending on the type of roof. Roofing sheets are mounted with an overlap. If a metal profile or metal tile is used for coating, then such material is fixed with special self-tapping screws with elastic gaskets. Fasteners are usually matched in color to the roofing material.

The most difficult thing in covering a mansard sloping roof is the transition from layered side rafters to hanging ridge rafters. There may be certain difficulties in the event that ledges are provided on the roof for roofing over balconies or windows.

In addition, if a chimney pipe enters the roof, it requires a separate opening inside the rafter system and the insulation layer, and on the roof, a reliable waterproofing device around the pipe.

How and what is better to cover the roof, you can find out in detail on our portal, there is a whole section in which you can find answers to many questions, including recommendations for reliable insulation of the attic room.

Prices for popular types of corrugated board

Decking

Video: a detailed video tutorial on building a mansard roof

It should be noted that the work on the construction of any roof, and even more so complex as an attic, is not only responsible, but also quite dangerous, it requires special, increased security measures. If there is no experience in carrying out such construction processes, then it is better to entrust their implementation to professionals or to perform all actions under the supervision of an experienced craftsman, and with the utmost care and accuracy.

We offer you a photo review of beautiful mansard roofs, in which we will talk about the types of mansard roofs, their shape features and new trends in the architecture of private houses with attics.

French-style loft houses

The attic got its name in honor of the French architect Francois Mansart, who in the 17th century was the first to propose the use of under-roof space for living rooms. Therefore, the mansard roof is associated with the architecture of French houses - provincial cottages, Mediterranean chateaus and Alpine chalets. It is interesting that different regions of France are characterized by their own, special forms of mansard roofs, and the approach to design and the materials used also differ.

Houses in Normandy are as harsh in architecture as the climate of this region of France, but gable mansard roofs with half-timbered gables and dormer windows bring notes of French sophistication to their design.

An interesting roof of complex configuration, an attic above the garage, a large amount of glazing - modern Norman houses are beautiful and functional at the same time.

Unlike the stone architecture of Normandy, Alpine chalets are built of wood, and their gable roof with an attic is usually complemented not only by a window, but also by a balcony.

The interior space of the attic under the roof of the chalet looks very colorful due to the visible rafters and plank sheathing.

A characteristic feature of the mansard roofs of alpine houses is long slopes that facilitate the melting of snow, large windows and fairly spacious balconies.

In the Mediterranean provinces of France, compact château usually has a multi-gable roof with several attics.

French mansard-roof houses are usually one-story buildings, "spread out" in breadth rather than upwards. With a small area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, a garage with an attic is usually provided.

Victorian houses with attic

England is another European country besides France, in which the construction of houses with attics has gained unprecedented proportions. With seeming stiffness, English cottages look very cozy, and to a greater extent this effect is achieved thanks to the beautiful design of mansard roofs with windows.

A characteristic feature of Victorian loft houses is the asymmetrical and slightly curved gable roof line, as well as large dormer windows.

Often, the British arrange an exit from the attic to the balcony, which uses the under-roofing space of the roof of the terrace.

A nice touch to the provincial English houses is given by the color scheme of the facade decoration and wooden shutters of a contrasting color on the dormer windows.

A distinctive feature of English houses with an attic is the large slope of the roof slopes and several asymmetrically located gables. The unusualness of this architecture is enhanced by the blue color of the facade in combination with the gray roofing.

A modern interpretation of Victorian architecture is a hip-roofed house with an attic with small balconies.

New trends in the construction of houses with an attic

Despite the established traditions in the construction of houses with attics, architects are always in search of fresh ideas. New technologies and structural materials greatly expand the possibilities of designers and allow the most daring and even daring concepts to be realized.

An extra-modern trend in construction that came to us from Denmark - attic houses with a hipped roof lined with the same material as the facades. Moreover, the color of the finish should be as close as possible to black - the color that best absorbs heat.

Another trend from the Nordic countries is a cottage, consisting of several residential volumes in the form of small houses with attics.

Not only in Europe, but also in other countries, the popularity of cottages lined with one material, without the use of special roofing, is growing.

Such houses usually have a small area, so the issue of using under-roof space and arranging an attic with windows is relevant.

A fashionable trend in European architecture is compact private houses with an attic under a pitched roof. In the photo you see how interesting this option is beaten with the help of a dynamic roof line.

The construction of a minimalist cottage under a shed roof of a mansard type is one of the cost-effective options for arranging private housing.

A large number of windows give this modern cottage with a shed roof an unusual look, but the main thing is the maximum use of the usable area of ​​​​the attic space.

Western architects offer many unusual solutions, one of them is a private house with an asymmetric gable roof and an attic.

Spectacular element of architecture country house with a broken mansard roof there will be a continuous glazing of the pediment and the arrangement of a balcony.

Numerous projects of wooden country and country houses with a large amount of glazing and an attic are another attempt by architects to make housing more eco-friendly and comfortable.

The fully glazed facade of the house with a mansard roof is a bold attempt by German architects to create housing that integrates with the environment as much as possible.

The desire to make the house energy-efficient and environmentally friendly gives rise to an increasing number of projects with a mansard roof equipped with solar panels.

Beautiful mansard roofs made of reeds

The surge of interest in environmentally friendly materials has played a role in the resurgence of the popularity of reed and thatched roofs in European countries. The most important arguments in favor of reed roofs were the excellent ability to retain rainfall and retain warmth, naturalness and originality. appearance.

Natural beige and smoky shades of reed roofs look unusual, but at the same time they naturally flow into the color scheme of landscape design and organically complement it.

Half-timbered houses with an attic under a roof made of natural material are a traditional type of building in Northern Europe.

Unusually beautiful are thatched roofs with an attic and rounded dormers, as if "grown" from the thickness of the roofing.

Creating a mansard roof from reeds is a kind of art - in the photo you see how filigree the decor of the attic dormer window is carved.

The plasticity of reed stems allows you to create roofs of complex shape, especially if the house has an attic floor with several rooms.

Reed and reeds are ideal material for forming rounded roofs. Such a mushroom-shaped roof with miniature dormers will become a colorful element of the architecture of a private house made of timber or logs.

With a reed roof, only houses of provincial architecture are perfectly combined; cottages of modern design can also be successfully equipped with such a roof. In the photo you see a non-trivial solution - the roofing passes from the roof to the facades of the building, due to which the house looks more comfortable and, importantly, warmer.

The undeniable "advantages" of reed roofs include their ability to maintain a stable temperature inside the house in both heat and cold and at the same time provide sufficient ventilation of the attic and other rooms. A significant "minus" of the reed roof is its high flammability, but modern flame retardant impregnations can improve its fire-fighting properties. In addition, the arrangement of such a roof will result in a considerable amount.

Country cottages with mansard roofs from Ondulin

Unlike tiles, flexible roofing and natural coverings, Ondulin roofs are distinguished by a reasonable price with a sufficiently high margin of safety. Europeans have long appreciated the practicality of euroslate and are actively using it for arranging mansard-type roofs.

A palette of natural colors, as close as possible to natural shades, allows you to organically fit a country house into any landscape.

Hip roofs from Ondulin harmoniously emphasize the architectural features of the house in any style, including the classical one.

With a large wind load in your area, a hipped mansard roof with Ondulin coating will be optimal.

Beautiful mansard roofs of private houses: photos, design examples

Photo examples of mansard roofs of private houses. Types of design. Interesting shapes and finishes.

Cozy house with an attic: projects, photos of interiors and useful tips

Buildings with an attic floor are a practical and very attractive idea for an individual site. The cost of equipping a residential attic is less than the construction of a full-fledged floor, additional square meters will appear in the house. For a summer cottage, the best option is a house with an attic. Projects, photos of successful interiors and recommendations from experienced builders are in our material.

Even a small attic will transform the facade of the house and make it unique.

Attic definition

The attic refers to the living space under the roof. The roof for the arrangement of a residential attic must have a double slope, such that the height of the attic space is not less than human height at the highest point.

The optimal height is two meters twenty centimeters

The outer wall of the residential attic consists of two planes: inclined and vertical. The vertical part is built from the main material of the house, the inclined part consists of blood rafters and inner lining.

The ratio of the vertical and inclined part depends on the project

When building a private house, many owners think about the question: give preference to a full-fledged floor or an attic?

Advantages and disadvantages of country houses with an attic: projects with a full floor or a residential attic?

The main argument in favor of the attic floor is always the cheapness of its arrangement. Is it really? The reduction in costs is due to the use of a frame structure of the roof. In practice, the larger the roof and, accordingly, the larger the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe frame for sheathing, the more profitable the attic.

But it should be remembered, no matter how spacious the attic is, in any case it occupies less usable area than the real floor. It turns out that in order to make the attic room suitable for living, it is necessary to provide for such an area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe first floor that it exceeds the attic at least twice.

Another point that complicates the task: a residential attic requires the arrangement of a roof of complex configuration and insertion of special attic windows

In order to create a normal microclimate in the attic room, it is necessary to provide a ventilation system with forced air supply. All these costs will form an additional burden during construction. And in fact, the savings will not be so significant.

Proponents of attic construction note that houses with such “curly” roofs look attractive. And the designers add that the arrangement of a residential attic has many original solutions.

One such solution, for example, is the installation of large windows directly into the sloping part of the roof. If you place a bedroom in such a room, at night you can admire the starry sky without getting out of bed

Prudent owners do not like it when something goes to waste. Including attic space. Some turn it into a dump of unnecessary things. But in fact, it can accommodate a full-fledged office, workshop, bedroom or even a children's room.

Opponents of such prudence remind that the active exploitation of the space under the roof worsens the condition of the roof structure and greatly complicates its repair.

For your information! Psychologists warn that the low ceilings of the attic make a person feel in a confined space, adversely affecting his psyche. Particularly impressionable natures can even feel suffocation due to low ceilings and sloping walls. It is worth thinking about this fact when planning a children's room in the attic.

Proponents of a full-fledged second floor give the following comparison:

Despite all these disputes and disagreements, projects of country houses with an attic and a veranda or garage are very popular. This is not surprising, because frame construction, which is gaining immense popularity, offers many options for just such buildings, with a large usable area and various layouts. Consider photo projects of houses with attics in more detail.

Projects of country houses for 6 acres. Photo examples of beautiful and compact country houses with recommendations for choosing a layout in a separate publication of our portal.

Tips for building a one-story house with an attic: photos of original ideas

The arrangement of a residential attic is most often concerned about the owners of small country cottages. Before deciding on such a project, ask to stay with your friends, owners of a similar design. Do you suddenly feel claustrophobic or, on the contrary, find yourself under the impression of attic windows through which you can watch the clouds?

If in doubt about the appropriateness of organizing living rooms in this place, think about alternative options.

Here, if desired, you can place a wardrobe, a creative workshop, a boiler room, a gym.

Here are options for organizing attic space:

The project of a one-story house with a garage and an attic is in particular demand. This layout is extremely convenient. This option will be especially appreciated by residents of the northern regions, who know what it means to warm up a car on a frosty day. When the garage is under the same roof as the house, even if it does not have central heating, the temperature will be much higher than outside. And the car itself will be reliably protected from all the vagaries of the weather.

During the construction of such a project, it is necessary to provide for all security measures: the presence of a vestibule room and a high-quality ventilation system

What do projects of houses with an attic of foam blocks look like?

Projects of houses with an attic made of foam blocks, the photos of which are presented to you, are very popular with developers of individual housing. The reasons for this demand are that houses made of this material are very functional and look solid and luxurious. The cost of building such a structure is lower than the cost of building a brick house.

Due to the attic floor, the usable area of ​​​​the house increases significantly and at the same time, the costs are generally less than for the construction of a full-fledged second floor from foam blocks

Advantages of foam block structures:

• the ideal geometric shapes of the blocks allow you to create a strong and even masonry with minimal seams of a few millimeters;
• block sizes are larger than bricks, so that construction will be carried out at an accelerated pace;
• foamed concrete is characterized by high energy saving rates and does not require additional heaters;
• material does not emit toxic human body connections;
• foam concrete is not combustible, does not support the development of mold and is not afraid of insects;
• blocks are not deformed from exposure to moisture or temperature changes;
• material has a long service life.

The construction technology of structures with an attic has some distinctive features. First of all, the attic frame is made of carefully dried wood.

High-quality wood material is not deformed during operation

It is important to choose the right heater. Mineral wool or basalt slabs are suitable for attics. These heaters have proven themselves in practice.

Outside and inside the roof is sheathed with different materials. Outside, a metal tile or soft roof is laid. From the inside, the frame is sheathed with plywood or OSB boards.

For your information! Standard projects are very convenient and cost less than individual ones. But within the framework of individual design, many nuances can be foreseen: for example, the arrangement of comfortable stairs for the elderly and the disabled, or the placement of a winter garden or a study in the attic.

In typical projects, decorative facade processing is rarely laid.

How to decorate the walls decides the developer himself

Foam blocks can simply be painted, plastered or used for finishing facade materials: tiles, siding, stone.

The best projects of houses with an attic: photos with drawings

A good residential building design should take into account many factors:

• the climate of the area in which the construction will be carried out;
• features of the soil and landscape of the site;
• a combination of home decoration with surrounding buildings and terrain;
• organization of the most comfortable living conditions for all family members, taking into account their age and individual needs.

The finished project of a house with an attic is developed by professional architects with the participation of specialists of a narrow profile. It is important to consider not only the location of the rooms, but also the features of the placement of engineering networks.

Projects of a small area, 36 - 40 square meters, are suitable for a summer cottage. This space is quite enough to accommodate a kitchen and a spacious living room on the ground floor and two compact bedrooms or an office in the attic. Houses with an area of ​​more than 60 square meters contain a spacious living room, bedroom and kitchen on the ground floor and rooms on the second.

An example of a house project with an area of ​​​​70 square meters

For large houses, it would be ideal to build a terrace, which can be accessed from the attic floor. From the top there will be a magnificent view of nature.

Here you can relax comfortably and use the covered terrace for family dinners or friendly gatherings.

Country house with an attic: layout 6x6

Planning a house with a minimum area is not easy. The project of a 6x6 country house with an attic is the best choice. In this case, you have not 36, but at least 50 square meters of usable area.

An example of a 6x6 house layout

If the cottage is needed only for a seasonal visit, such space is quite enough for a small family. Over time, an extension can be made to the house if the number of family members increases. What should be considered in the project of a house with an attic 6x6:

• maximum use of each centimeter of area;
• the number of people visiting the house at the same time;
• age of family members;
• frequency of visiting the suburban area.

When planning a 6 by 6 house with an attic, it is important to use all the space with maximum benefit. Traditionally, in the center there is a spacious living room with access to the bathroom and kitchen. All these rooms will completely occupy the first floor. In order not to be crowded, they select compact furniture.

The best choice would be transforming items that easily turn into sleeping places. If guests are late at your dacha, it will not be difficult to accommodate them for the night

The kitchen should have two entrances: from the room and from the yard. Table setting in the summer gazebo will be greatly simplified, and it will be easier to cook on a hot day by opening wide the exit to the garden.

The bedrooms in this version are located in the attic. Here you can make two full bedrooms for the owners and children.

For a bathroom, four square meters is enough. If the cottage is visited only in summer, an outdoor shower can be arranged in the yard. Those who like to take a steam bath put a bathhouse on the site. If you do not provide a shower or bathroom in the house, you can leave three square meters for the toilet. Washing machine while installing in the kitchen.

Frame houses with an attic (projects 6x6) do not provide for internal stairs. They are placed outside. This technique also saves a lot of space. For storage of things in the house, compact mezzanines should be provided.

Here rough plan houses with an attic 6 by 6:

The specifics of the layout of houses 9 by 9 with an attic: photos of successful solutions

The house with a total area of ​​eighty square meters is a popular project. Builders note that this project has an optimal ratio of costs and comfort of living. The classic layout includes a bedroom, a kitchen, a living room and a bathroom on the ground floor and two or three more rooms in the attic. They can be used as additional bedrooms or organize an office, a creative workshop and a spacious wardrobe in them.

An example of a classic 9x9 house layout

Another option for arranging rooms is in the layout of the house 8 by 10 with an attic. Photo example of such a layout:

Layout of the house 8x10

What you should know about planning a 10 by 10 house with an attic: photos of the best ideas

One hundred square meters on the first floor and another seventy on the second - a large family can live in such a house permanently. There is a place for separate rooms for children, a bedroom for parents, an office, a spacious living room and a kitchen. From the outside, the house does not look huge. Projects of a 10x10 house with a foam block attic impress with compact placement on the site. But this is just the case when the external impression is deceptive.

There is enough space not only to place bathrooms on each floor, but even to organize a sauna or a bathhouse right in the house. A convenient ladder with a wide passage will allow you to easily lift bulky furniture.

Under-stair space should be used for storage

In such a house, a separate room for the boiler is usually provided. If the foam block house has a basement, a laundry room, heating appliances, a pantry for storing inventory and home seams are located here.

House layout 10x10

Projects of frame houses. In the article, we will consider in detail what is the advantage of these structures, types of technologies, average construction prices, original projects, useful tips and much more.

Examples of interior design of houses with an attic inside: photo

Even a small attic can be furnished so that everything you need can fit in it. Inclined ceiling planes partially hide the total area, but you can use them to stylishly decorate the room.

If you paint the rafters in contrasting colors, they will become stylish detail interior

Projects of small houses with an attic usually involve placing a bedroom on the second floor. In the country version, it is logical to use natural wood trim.

So that the room does not seem dark, put light furniture and use light accessories and textiles.

If the attic occupies a significant area, the task is simplified. Niches between rafters can be used as zoning elements. In one - to place a bed, in the other - a desktop by the window or a sofa for relaxation. The issue of placing a children's room on the attic floor should be approached especially carefully.

Recall that sloping ceilings can cause discomfort in the child. This factor should be compensated as much as possible with the skillful use of colors and materials.

If an office is located in the attic, it is important to consider lighting.

Maximum natural light and comfortable furniture will be an additional incentive for creativity.

Another idea for planning a house with an attic (photo below) is the placement of a wardrobe. Here you can build compact and convenient storage systems.

Dressing room in the attic

House with an attic: photos, projects and main conclusions

So, we examined in detail all the design features with an attic floor. What are their advantages? The attic can be equipped after the first floor has been built and occupied. When planning construction, simply provide for the roof of the required shape. This could be a blueprint for the future.

The attic floor can be attached at any time

The use of quality materials and proven insulation is the key to success. The attic floor will increase the usable area of ​​the house by at least one and a half times. Here you can place rooms with different purposes. Agree, it is better to use this space to good use than to turn it into a dusty attic!

Construction project with a mansard roof: features of the device, design, interior

Anyone who wants to optimize the space in their home will certainly use the attic for any purpose. Still, so much space formed due to the design features of the roof should not be wasted. That is why mansard roof projects have always been and will always be in demand.

Distinctive features and advantages of attics

First, it should be indicated what exactly we call an attic: a room in the attic area, the facade of which is formed by the surface pitched roof. This part of the building is very attractive due to the large amount of light and air. In addition, the attic gives the house a finished, beautiful look.

The attic floor project is the most profitable and economical if you want to get additional living space without resorting to unnecessary costs. Also, the construction time of the attic is much less than a full-fledged floor.

With the help of attic floors, you can increase the living space of the house without moving out of it. That is, the operation of the building does not stop even at the active stage of construction.

With a competent approach to the arrangement, due to the attic, you can significantly reduce the heat loss of the building as a whole.

Modern building codes require that the line of intersection of the roof and the facade be located at a level of at least 1.5 meters from the floor level of the attic floor. If this condition is not met, then the room can officially be called only an attic, but not an attic.

Projects of houses with a mansard roof allow you to increase the building density, which is important for areas with a limited amount of land allocated for residential areas.

Roof type and attic arrangement

The shape of the attic itself usually depends on the type of roof. Attic floors are triangular, broken, with an asymmetric shape; can be located both above the whole house and above its part.

The main types of roofs:

1. Shed. The simplest version of the roof. Such a roof is made in the form of an inclined plane fixed on the bearing walls. In this case, the attic is very rarely equipped.
2. Gable (gable). Easy to install and very reliable. The roof has two slopes directed in opposite directions. It is on such roofs that attics are most often made.
3. broken line. It is a subspecies of a gable roof. It is used most often in small buildings, well suited for arranging an attic.
4. Hip and semi-hip. Subspecies of hipped roofs. Although the broken lines are not as expressive as the classic gable silhouette, the attic floors do not suffer from this, but only benefit.
5. Domed, pyramidal, conical. Used for structures with rounded, polygonal outlines. Building an attic in this case will be very problematic, but still possible.

Varieties of designs of mansard roofs

The main types of attics are as follows:

• single-level with a gable or sloping roof;
• single-level with installation of remote consoles;
• two-level with mixed supports.

When choosing the type of roof, consider the intensity of the load that will affect the coating.

If we talk about the style of roofing, then it's up to you, there are no restrictions. The main thing is that the choice does not contradict operational requirements.

The scheme of the mansard roof of a triangular shape, having a rectilinear outline, is the easiest to build.

Mansard roof device

Attics, in relation to the walls, can be located in alignment or cross their outer boundaries. The outer walls of the attic floors can be insulated both completely and without going beyond the boundaries of the heated premises. The choice of an architectural system in the form of an attic involves the use of lightweight structures and materials.

When designing an attic, consider the following points:

• constructive scheme, material for enclosing structures, details is determined taking into account the architectural parameters of the building as a whole;
• the shape and dimensions of the premises are important, so the choice of translucent fences (vertical, inclined windows), their installation should take into account the interior and appearance of the building;
• the choice of the attic plan option must be made based on the entire layout of the building;
• attics equipped under a steeply sloping roof require careful selection of roofing material, thermal insulation, waterproofing and sealing.

In the under-rafter space, sidewalls are inevitably formed that are unsuitable for full-fledged housing. They appear when installing vertical walls. With proper design, these zones can be used for various needs (pantry, built-in wardrobes, etc.).

The width of the building for the installation of the attic must be more than 4.5 m. In addition, the area of ​​​​the attic floor cannot be less than 7 m 2, and the height / floor area ratio is 1: 2.

Attics with a broken slope suit if its dimensions do not fit into a triangular shape. Thanks to this technique, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sidewalls is reduced. The attic area can be used optimally. Unfortunately, the wiring diagram of a sloping roof is much more complicated, and its construction is more expensive. Subject to the necessary proportions of the house, the height of the attic floor with a sloping roof is noticeably lower. In addition, under a sloping roof, the usable attic area is lost.

Houses with a medium load-bearing wall also use a mansard roof truss system. The drawings are given below. The lower belt with support in the center of the load is often made lighter. The height of the ceilings in attic living quarters should be at least 2.5 m, but this may include a part of the room with a lower height. The area of ​​the zone with a lower height is subject to strict rationing. It is worth considering that the greater the slope of the roof slopes, the more spacious the under-roof space. Accordingly, with a slope of 30 degrees, the minimum height is approximately 1.2 m, with a slope of 45-60 degrees - 0.8 m, more than 60 - is no longer standardized. The width of the room must be at least 2.4 m.

The optimal angle of inclination of the rafters should be between 45 and 60 degrees. If the roof has a slope of 45 degrees, use the usual truss system. In this case, the ceilings in the attic floor are sloping. If the project provides for a roof with a slope of 60 degrees, long beams and boards are used as rafters. Because of this, the amount of material needed increases dramatically.

Attic device

The simplest device for roofing a mansard roof is to create the following layers:

Directly protects the building from external conditions. Its purchase should be approached with great care. There is a wide range of such materials on the market: metal tiles, shingles, slate, corrugated board, etc. In order not to make a mistake in choosing, consider all possible factors (size of the house, climate, material possibilities);

It is necessary to protect the internal insulation and the entire truss system. Its choice directly depends on the type and properties of the insulation used;

You can’t do without a layer of waterproofing material, because it is thanks to him that moisture does not penetrate into the house.

These are already parts of the roof itself. Due to them, the roof is kept. Made from wooden beams. Rafters distribute the load from the weight of the roof along the walls;

All of the above levels are required when building a house with an addition such as a mansard roof. The drawings are shown on our website. You can read them to better understand the installation.

Ventilation gap for roof

There is one nuance in the attic device - the need for a ventilation gap. It is best to make two of them: one - directly above the insulation, the second - immediately under the roofing. With the help of the first, the resulting steam will leave, which somehow penetrated the insulation layer, and thanks to the other, the moisture accumulated under the roofing materials will evaporate. Air should come from the base of the roof and leave through the roof in the ridge area.

When constructing an attic, remember that the design should be as light as possible. Wood or lightweight metal profile should be used. Avoid heavy materials such as stone, concrete, etc.

The roof project with an attic must be carefully thought out and drawn up by professionals in their field, since the slightest miscalculation can lead to the destruction of the structure.

Also, do not forget that wooden rafters have a certain margin of safety, and it is undesirable to use intermediate racks. To cope with this problem, the following most common methods are used: the construction of trussed wooden or metal-wooden trusses.

All wooden elements of the roof truss must be made of excellent quality wood with a permissible moisture content of not more than 22%, treated with antiseptics and flame retardants.

Floors in the attic floor are made according to standard technologies used to create floor coverings on interfloor ceilings. 2 layers will be needed here: vapor barrier and insulation. Thanks to them, not only comfortable temperature regime in the house, but also soundproofing.

Briefly about roof trusses

Wooden trusses are usually made of round timber, beams, boards. To pair the elements of wooden rafters, the following are used: cuts, bolts, nails, gear-ring dowels.

IN Lately along with purely wooden trusses for spans over 16 m, trusses with iron posts became widespread.

Assembling a wooden truss requires a significant amount of labor. It is easier to install metal-wood trusses. In such structures, all tension elements and the lower chord are made of metal, which makes them very easy to assemble in production.

Skylights

Roof windows are often subject to excessive requirements, unlike ordinary ones. This is due to the fact that it is installed in the slope of the roof, at an angle, and therefore is subjected to a more intense influence of negative factors than the usual vertical one.

The main feature of the windows in the attic is a large access of light and heat. With the help of which you can create light compositions in the premises. These windows maximize the amount of time sunlight enters your home. That is why it is desirable to equip libraries, children's rooms, etc. in the attic. With the help of skylights, distant corners are additionally illuminated.

During the construction of the attic, the following translucent structures are used: facade end windows, domers, stained glass, combined systems, special roof windows. Projects of houses with a mansard roof are very diverse in the use of such structures.

roof window

A large load is placed on skylights, because they are full-fledged elements of the roof, and therefore are subject to the same influences: strong wind, rain, hail, UV radiation, snow, etc. Under such conditions, the window frame must maintain sufficient tightness, thermal parameters, rigidity , dimensional accuracy.

The traditional frame material is wood-laminated laminated timber. This material ensures long-term operation of the structure, it is not afraid of temperature changes and humidity. Recently, plastic elements have become increasingly used. Common PVC profile windows. Frames made of warm aluminum profiles supplemented with plastic inserts are less popular.

The window flashing protects the glass and removes precipitation from the surface. Salaries are made of aluminum coated with special light-resistant paints; from copper. Visually, the salary is almost invisible, since its sides are partially hidden under the roofing material. With the help of specialized salaries, windows are combined into groups: horizontal, vertical or combined.

The translucent element should have increased strength, but it should not be very heavy. Most often, single-chamber double-glazed windows are installed. For added safety, glass is tempered in factories in a special way. Glass with a low-emissivity heat-reflective coating or double-layer impact-resistant glass can also be installed. Some double-glazed windows are filled with an inert gas, due to which the heat-saving characteristics of the structure are increased.

The salaries of skylights immediately take into account hydro and vapor barrier, which facilitates work, improves the quality of installation, and ensures a tight joint between the window and the roof.

There are various opening systems in roof windows: hinged, combined, pivoting, etc. The choice depends only on your preferences and capabilities. One condition - it is desirable to have a rotary mechanism.

Roof windows must be ventilated. In some models, it is a ventilation valve, in others a special device with a filter and an anti-condensation system.

Basic rules for choosing a roof window:

• First of all, determine the slope of the roof, the distance between the rafters, the area of ​​​​the illuminated room. The lower the slope of the roof, the longer the window should be.
• 1:10 - this is how the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe window should be related to the floor area.
• The best window height is approximately 1.1 - 1.3 m from the floor.
• Consider the functional purpose of the attic floor.
• The roof window must be combined with the roofing material.

A little about the interior of the attic

Projects of houses with a mansard roof are very diverse and unlike each other. But, in any case, they fit certain canons of the interior of the premises.

The first and most important rule: taking into account the height of the ceilings in the room. If the height is less than 1.6 m, it will be problematic to use it for living.

The second point: in no case do not clutter up the attic rooms, and make the design light. Otherwise, the room will create a depressing impression. In addition, the predominance of light and bright colors will visually increase the space. Use local lighting in the attic. It will add romance.

And the third rule: follow the same style. Furniture and all materials used in the design should be close in color.

Use as many wooden elements as possible. This will increase the level of comfort in the room, as well as provide excellent sound insulation.

The mansard roof project of a private house is an excellent choice for a large family. Especially children will like to live in a room in the attic. In addition, under the roof you can arrange a cozy workshop.

Mansard roof projects: drawings of the attic truss system

Standard options and projects of mansard roofs. The main rules for the design of the attic floor. Drawings of the scheme of the attic truss system.

Mansard roofs solve two problems at once - they create additional free space and add zest to the exterior of the building. Thus, it is possible to make a lounge or a bedroom, saving on the construction of the upper floor of private houses. In order to rationally use space, it remains only to choose the right project and compact furniture. It is worth considering how the roofs of houses with an attic are planned.

What should be the attic

To get the perfect attic, it is better to prepare its project at the stage of building a house. The planning of the dwelling affects the setting of the load-bearing elements of the roof. When you have to equip a room in already built private houses, there are difficulties with laying thermal insulation, locating stairs, ordering doors and windows. Wooden elements require protective treatment.

Most often, attics are planned under roofs:

• broken gable;
• gable.

The gable roof is often found in the photo of private houses built in the traditional style. Such a roof consists of two intersecting rectangles. It has a simple design, but the project looks neat and cute.

Important! The best option for the attic is a gable sloping roof with sloping rafters, this design leaves a maximum of usable space.

For the manufacture of rafters, coniferous trees are used. The material is carefully sanded and dried. Humidity should not exceed 18%. Otherwise, the rafters may deform over time, which will lead to the distortion of the entire building.

Types of roofs of houses for the arrangement of the attic

Depending on the type of roofing of private houses, the attic area will vary. Also, its design will affect the overall cost of construction. The following are the most common types of roofs, their advantages and disadvantages.

Shed

Shed roofs are affordable and easy to install. In this case, the roofing sheet rests on load-bearing walls that differ in height.

Shed roofs are rarely used in residential construction. More often, these types are used in the arrangement of garages and utility rooms, and not private houses. The space under them is extremely inconvenient to use for decorating the attic.

gable

Gable roofs are very common, such a project can be called a classic. Such a roof consists of two parts, which at the intersection are connected by a metal ridge. At the same time, the size of the canvases and the angle at which they are fixed may differ.

Gable roofs are considered the most functional. The space below them is convenient to use for arranging the attic.

Hip

Hip roofs are a complicated design of gable roofs. Instead of external walls, called gables, they have triangular slopes (hips). As the projects show, windows are often placed on them.

Hip roofs look very interesting in the photo. In view of complex design their design and construction should be entrusted to specialists. These types of roofs are better able to withstand strong winds and precipitation. In private houses and cottages, hip roofs are most often equipped. Under them there is enough space for the attic.

Attention! Another version of the roof with hips is hipped roof. It is designed from triangular slopes, which can be 4 or more. They are held by metal skates, converge at the very top in the center.

broken line

A sloping roof is, in fact, the same gable roof, but the roof sheets have a break. In the photo you can see projects with windows on the gables.

The advantages of a sloping roof are that the streamlined shape makes it resistant to gusts of wind. Also under it there is enough space for arranging a living room.

Combined

The design of combined roofs can include elements of several varieties at once. This is the most costly type of roofing that requires careful design and the use of quality materials. Otherwise, numerous joints cause leaks. Due to the complex shape, the roof is not so resistant to strong winds.

Combined roofs are suitable for balconies and attics. They look very original in the photo, but require considerable costs for the project and construction.

What are the types of attic

The type of attic is determined by the project and the wishes of the residents. The following main types are presented: single-level and two-level.

single level

On the roof, it is easier to equip a single-level attic. It does not require lengthy calculations. The following are the types of such attics, there are three of them.

1. Attic under a gable roof. Due to the location of the roof sheets, nothing prevents the convergence of precipitation. Therefore, this version of the mansard roof is the most simple and practical.
2. Attic with sloping roof. It is a little more difficult to equip such a room, but it turns out with smooth walls and a full-fledged ceiling. In the photo, such a house looks original.
3. Attic with remote consoles. The most time-consuming version of the mansard roof. However, with this type of roofing in the attic, a large room is obtained. The canopy, which is obtained due to the displacement of the roof, is often used to build a veranda or garage.

Two-level

A two-level attic contains two rooms located, as the name suggests, on different levels. Sometimes it stands out as a separate project. Differs in the presence of mixed-type supports.

Advantages of the attic device

A mansard roof has a number of advantages.

1. Additional living space. In the attic you can make a rest room, bedroom or office.
2. Thermal insulation. If the house has a residential attic, heat loss through the ceiling is noticeably reduced.
3. Allow to reduce the total area of ​​land for construction.
4. You can increase the living area of ​​an already built house.
5. Set up in a short time.
6. Allows you to get another full-fledged room with minimal investment.

Important! To maximize the use of space, you should choose small-sized furniture.

What features should be considered when choosing materials and furniture

The mansard roof also has certain disadvantages. The following are recommendations that should be considered when choosing building materials and furniture for the upper room.

1. Choose high-quality vapor and waterproofing. Given the location of the materials, they should be light so as not to weigh down the structure. Good materials will help maintain comfortable air humidity in the room.
2. Ensure adequate thermal insulation. This is very important for an attic room to prevent heat loss.
3. If the structural elements are made of wood, they are treated with an antiseptic.
4. For interior decoration of the room, light-weight materials (for example, drywall) should be used.
5. It is necessary to select furniture taking into account the sloping ceiling.

How to equip the attic

In order to maintain a favorable microclimate in the attic, the following layers are arranged in order.

1. Ventilation. The best option would be to install two ventilation gaps. The first is done under the roofing, it is designed to remove moisture from under the " roofing cake". The second is located above the insulation layer and eliminates the accumulated steam.
2. Vapor barrier. This layer prevents the formation of condensate and wetting of the insulation.
3. Thermal insulation. A layer of special material does not let cold air from the street into the room and does not allow heat to go outside.
4. Sheathing and rafters. Due to these structural elements, the load is evenly distributed over the walls. Made from wooden beams.
5. Waterproofing. A layer of this material is necessary to prevent moisture ingress.
6. Roofing film. Needed to protect insulation and rafters.
7. Roof material. This is the final layer that protects against the adverse effects of the environment.

The mansard roof has original look in the photo and allows you to increase the living area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. By following the recommendations on the choice of materials and furniture, you can equip a full-fledged and spacious room in the attic.

A large number of people already have or want to acquire a private house. It can be a house in which you will live every day, or maybe a country house, or a summer house, where you will go on vacation every weekend with great pleasure.

It's no secret that today, the cost of land is very high.

This was the root cause that more and more people began to look at such a great option as.

Thanks to this, you get a lot of extra space. Here you can make another guest bedroom, billiard room or gym, and everything the way you want.

If you have already decided to build a house with an attic, then first of all you need to choose which types of mansard roofs are suitable for your option.
This determines the integral cost of the entire house. The roof of the attic is predetermined by the image of the roof.

• . The load-bearing walls serve as a mount for the inclined plane. This is perhaps the easiest variation. It does not require any special specifics for its implementation. Her privilege is minimal expenses that do not require large investments.
• . In this variant, the roof is provided with two slopes diverging in opposite directions.
• or half hip (half hip). In this case, there are four slopes. In this case, you have the opportunity make the most of the available space attic.
• broken roof. This is a two-slope roof modification. This modification of the design is considered one of the most successful and practical. Especially widely it is used for small and small houses. Its irreplaceable privilege is the creation of extremely large and spacious interior rooms. For this type of roof, additional cash costs are required, since installation here will be more complex and intricate.
• Roofs, in the form of cones, domes, pyramids. This is the most expensive and complex view. It is widely used for those houses that stand out for their complex design and configuration.

Types of mansard roofs

Types of attics can be divided into two categories:

1. single level- they are combined with a gable and sloping roof. In addition, they may have remote modillions.
2. Two-level- arise as a result of a combination of supports of various types.

The main task is to clearly and without any deviations, to calculate all possible loads during construction and, of course, further when using.

ATTENTION!

In order for you to be able to decide whether you need it, it is very important to familiarize yourself with all its advantages. Such an outstanding construction has a number of advantages and pluses that make it so widespread.

Advantages:

• Significantly increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, which can be used with great benefit.
• This amazing design will let you save a lot of space, thereby reducing the total built-up area.
• It is always an opportunity to expand the house. It is quite possible to complete the attic, in an already existing house.
• Speed ​​of all building processes. You do not have to wait several years for the foundation to stand, as is the case if you want a good quality house that will serve you, your children and grandchildren.
• Affordable cost. You can afford this luxury if you want. This design will not cost crazy money.
• Amazing, attractive and non-standard appearance. Such a building will perfectly complement your home and make it even richer and more attractive.

Of course, like everything that surrounds us, having advantages, unfortunately, there are also disadvantages. It is important to take them into account.

Flaws:

• Beveled ceilings. It does not always suit everyone and everyone likes it. They create a certain originality of space, which is not in all cases convenient for residents.
• Expensive attic windows. Alas, but such windows cost many times more than usual.
• No attic room. With extra cute rooms for yourself, your family and guests, you can forget about the attic room where you can put tons of all kinds of things.
• first class. You can’t do without it if your house has a mansard roof.
• high quality. It is needed to maintain a suitable level of humidity throughout the room.

Considering the offer of a mansard roof, be sure to pay attention to all its positive and negative sides.

Types of mansard roofs of private houses: photo options below.

Gable roof mansard type options

Four-pitched mansard roofs of private houses

Shed mansard roof

truss system

One of the most important elements of the roof is the mansard roof.

It is she who decides how much the roof will be reliable, durable, high-quality and functional.

The rafter system is a support for the roof. Thanks to her, the load from the roof is transferred to the supporting structure.

The direct duties include to withstand such factors as snow, wind, rain, hurricane. The development of this system is very carefully and scrupulously.

Types of roof structures:

1. Hanging - external walls and there is a support. Here I use a puff made of wood or metal. The hardness and stability of the entire truss system depends on the height at which the puff is located.
2. Layered- most often they are used on such objects that have intermediate load-bearing walls. The ends of the rafters are based on the outer wall and the inner wall. Such a truss system is financially affordable and inexpensive.

Unambiguously, the principle of sliding support is always used, which allows the rafters to bend. You can also lay the rafters one on top of the other, fixing them together with special metal plates.

Rafter drawing plan

Attic with balcony

If you are a lover of chic and sophistication, then the option of adding a balcony is ideal for you. This contribute to the influx fresh air to the premises, provide natural ventilation , and also provide a chance for the penetration of sunlight directly into the room.

It is necessary not to forget about some requirements for the attic:

• All roofing materials used must be lightweight.
• The inner cladding has lightweight profiles (for example, such as drywall).
• Thermal insulation materials must be of the highest quality.
• Perfect hydro and vapor barrier.

Do not ignore these few most important rules. Given them, you will get a wonderful home that will serve you for many decades.

Gable option

Mansard roof option with a balcony

Useful video

In this video you will learn what types of roofs of houses are:

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