To provide the required amount of water for the purpose of effectively extinguishing fires, the external and internal fire-fighting water supply system of the joint venture is designed. NPB and SNiP 2.04.02-84 stipulate the requirements for NIP and ERV regarding minimum values and parameters, as well as the need for connection depending on the type of building and locality.
Requirements for ERW and NPS
All fire pipeline components must comply with GOST and air safety standards established for the equipment used. Additionally, the following requirements apply:- Pipeline networks must meet the water flow requirements for firefighting needs. Hydraulic calculations and equipment checks are carried out at least twice a year.
- should remain operational regardless of the time of year. It is mandatory to take measures to insulate equipment and timely clear it of snow and ice.
- In case of pressure changes and malfunctions are detected during Maintenance ERW and NPS must be reported to the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Based on the results of the inspection, a report is drawn up for checking the operability of the ERV and NPV, indicating the work performed and the detected defects that affect the performance.
- Motorized valves are checked every 6 months. Internal and external fire water supply is provided and completed. The direction of the pipeline in relation to the main source must be indicated, and at the same time signs are installed indicating the distance to the water supply source.
- Fire pumps are checked monthly to ensure that they can create the required pressure in the LLE.
- Fire water sources are equipped with convenient entrances with platforms. It is prohibited to take water from wells for domestic needs.
- The standard color used for plumbing is red.
The fire extinguishing station must have a structural diagram of the building's piping, with an exact indication of the located hydrants and fire hydrants, as well as pumping equipment.
Arrangement of the ERW system
SNiP 2.04.01-85 for internal fire water supply SP indicates the need to install an ERW system in residential buildings over 12 floors, dormitories and hotels, warehouses and industrial premises.The fire pipeline is connected to the utility and drinking water line at the entrance to the building. As a rule, a bypass valve is installed to regulate the water supply. The fire extinguishing system is connected to the same input.
ERW is not required to be provided in the following buildings:
- General educational institutions, with the exception of boarding schools.
- Summer cinemas.
- Industrial premises where materials easily enter chemical reaction with water, which causes an explosion.
- Buildings whose main activities do not allow the use of water: freezers, warehouses with storage of vegetables and fruits, etc.
The internal fire water supply is checked for water loss every six months. The pressure in the pipeline is checked by opening several at the same time. The ERW testing procedure includes checking valves and hydrants. The pressure at the tap furthest from the water supply source is taken into account.
Design of the NPV system
SNiP for external fire water supply stipulates the possibility of using dead-end and ring water supply. To increase the pressure in the system, emergency sections are provided to stop the water supply further along the pipeline. Sources of external fire-fighting water supply to the joint venture, as well as pipes, are located below the freezing ground.The material used for NPV pipes must withstand a maximum pressure load of up to 15 MPa; steel pipes are most often installed. Fire hydrants are installed along the entire length of the pipeline; the maximum distance between them is no more than 150 m.
Tests of external fire-fighting water supply systems for water loss are carried out at least once every six months. The maximum pressure is checked with several open hydrants. All detected malfunctions are reported to the emergency dispatcher.
Maintenance regulations require a complete shutdown of the water supply during repair work. Service is coordinated with control authorities and the fire department, on whose territory the NPS is located.
The main characteristics of the water supply system require that the network be laid along highways, no closer than 5 m from the walls of the building. It is mandatory to install a fluorescent sign indicating the location of the hydrant. The need for signs is specified in the NPB.
Fire safety requirements for internal and external fire-fighting water supply systems are mainly aimed at maintaining the functionality of the system and ensuring the necessary water pressure in the pipeline during a fire.
fire safety standards
state fire safety standards
In addition to external fire water supply, some residential and public buildings must be provided with internal fire water supply. It is carried out either only from internal fire hydrants, or from internal fire hydrants in conjunction with sprinkler and deluge installations.
According to SNiP P-G. 1-70 installation of internal fire-fighting water supply systems is mandatory:
in residential buildings with a height of 12 floors or more, in hotels and hostels with a height of 4 floors or more;
in administrative buildings and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises with a height of 6 floors or more;
in hospital buildings and other buildings of medical and preventive institutions, in the buildings of nurseries, orphanages, children's homes, pioneer homes, in the dormitories of pioneer camps, in the dormitories of boarding schools, in the buildings of shops, train stations, pawn shops, enterprises Catering and consumer services with a volume of each building of 5000 m3 or more;
in sanatoriums, rest homes, boarding houses, motels, research institutes, in buildings of design and engineering organizations, in museums and libraries, in buildings of permanent exhibitions with a volume of each building of 7500 m3 or more;
in buildings educational institutions with a volume of 25,000 m3 or more, with the exception of secondary schools; in assembly and conference halls that are not equipped with a stationary cinema room, with a capacity of 700 seats or more; in assembly and conference halls equipped with stationary film equipment, with a capacity of 200 seats or more, regardless of the number of floors, volume and purpose of the building in which the assembly or conference hall is located;
in theaters, year-round cinemas, clubs, circuses, concert halls and houses of culture;
in premises with a total construction volume of 5000 m3 or more, located under the stands of any capacity of open sports facilities, as well as in sports halls with stationary stands for spectators with 200 seats or more;
in warehouse buildings or parts of buildings enclosed between fire walls, with a volume of 5000 m3 or more when storing combustible materials and non-combustible materials in combustible packaging;
in garage buildings when storing 10 or more cars. If in the first two cases listed, individual parts of buildings have different number of storeys, then the installation of a fire-fighting water supply system should be provided only in parts of buildings of the indicated number of storeys and higher. In school assembly halls, the installation of a fire-prevention water supply is mandatory if the assembly hall capacity is 200-700 seats only if combustible materials without fire retardant treatment are used as finishing, acoustic and other structures. In this case, you should take one stream with a water flow rate of 2.5 l/s.
Internal fire water supply should not be installed (SNiP P-G. 1-70): in buildings of secondary schools; in bathhouses and laundries; in the premises of kindergartens, shops, clinics and public catering establishments built into residential buildings up to 12 floors high, with a volume of less than 5000 m3 each; in seasonal cinema buildings of any capacity; in warehouses of fireproof materials, substances and products.
Water consumption rates and the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing in residential and public buildings are determined according to SNiP P-G. 1-70.
For residential buildings with a height of 17 or more floors, administrative buildings, hotels, boarding houses, sanatoriums, holiday homes, industrial and auxiliary buildings with a height of more than 50 m, it is necessary to design water supply zoning. The height of the zone should be taken based on the maximum permissible hydrostatic head in the drinking water supply system for sanitary fixtures, no more than 60 m, and in a separate fire-fighting water supply network when fire pumps are operating, the maximum pressure should not exceed 90 m at the level of the lowest fire hydrants.
Water supply to individual zones can be provided from water pressure or hydropneumatic tanks, as well as directly from an external water supply. Pressure in external water supply network should be used to supply water to the lower floors of buildings. I According to SNiP P-G. 1-70 free water pressure at internal fire hydrants should provide compact fire jets with the height necessary to extinguish the fire in the highest and most remote part of the building. The minimum height of a compact fire jet in buildings up to 50 m high is taken to be at least 6 m, in buildings over 50 m high - 16 m. The pressure at fire hydrants should be determined taking into account the pressure loss in non-rubberized hoses with a length of 10 or 20 m. To obtain fire jets with a capacity of 2.5 l/s, fire hydrants and hoses with a diameter of 50 mm are used, and for fire jets with a capacity of 5 l/s - with a diameter of 65 mm. In all cases, the radius of action of the compact part of the fire jet must be taken equal to the height of the premises, counting from the floor to highest point ceilings
Fire hydrants must be installed at a height of 1.35 m above the floor of the premises, mainly at exits from the premises or on landings of heated staircases, in lobbies, corridors or passages and other most visible places. Fire hydrants are placed in a special cabinet and equipped with fire hoses of the same diameter as the 10 or 20 m long hydrant and fire nozzles.
To power internal fire water supply networks with more than 12 fire hydrants from the external ring water supply network, they must be connected to the network with at least two inputs.
In this case, the networks should be arranged in a ring or looped with inputs. If the external water supply network is a dead-end, then the installation of one input is allowed only if the dead-end external water supply network cannot be looped in the future. When two or more inlets are required, they should be connected, if possible, to different sections of the external water supply network. Between inputs going into the same building, a valve should be installed on the external water supply network. When installing booster pumps in a building, the inputs in front of the pumps must be combined.
If the internal water supply network is powered by water tanks located inside the building and has an input connection with the distribution network internal water supply, check valves should be installed at the inputs. Such valves must also be installed at each input if two or more of them are installed from the city network and they are connected to each other by pipelines inside the building.
Internal networks The fire-fighting water supply of each zone of a building with a height of 17 floors or more must have two pipes with a diameter of 77 mm leading outside for connecting the hoses of fire trucks.
According to SNiP P-G. 1-70 internal water supply networks, both separate utility and drinking water supply and combined in residential buildings with a height of more than 16 floors and in buildings equipped with a zone water supply system, must be connected to the outer ring network with at least two inputs. Residential buildings or a group of them with more than 500 apartments must be designed with two inputs from the outer ring water supply network.
For buildings with a height of 17-25 floors (more than 50 m), the water supply networks of each zone (combined, separate drinking water, fire and industrial) are looped vertically.
For buildings with a height of 25 floors or more, the internal networks of each zone must be looped vertically and horizontally.
In order to correctly place fire hydrants in buildings, it should be taken into account that when calculating the fire-fighting water supply for the simultaneous action of two or more jets, each point in the premises must be irrigated with at least two jets of water, and when calculating for the simultaneous action of four or more fire jets, twin fire hydrants can be installed taps, and each point on the floor should be irrigated with streams of water supplied from two risers.
For sectional residential buildings up to 16 floors high, it is allowed to irrigate each point in the room with one fire jet of water.
In rooms equipped with automatic fire extinguishing means, the installation of internal fire hydrants is allowed on the sprinkler network after the control and alarm valves.
When installing dry fire-fighting water supply systems in unheated buildings, it is necessary to provide for the installation of shut-off and drainage devices, placing them only in heated rooms or wells. According to SNiP P-G. 1-70 all internal water supply networks must be equipped with shut-off valves: at each inlet; on a ring distribution network to ensure that individual sections of it can be switched off for repairs (no more than a half-ring); on the ring network of fire-fighting water supply - based on turning off no more than five fire hydrants on one floor and no more than one riser in buildings with a height of more than 50" m; on the ring network of industrial water supply - based on ensuring two-way water supply to units that do not allow interruption in supply water; at the bases of fire risers with five or more fire hydrants; on all branches from the main water supply lines.
On vertically looped risers, the installation of shut-off valves should be provided at the base and at the upper ends of the risers, and in the ring sections, fittings should be provided to ensure the passage of water in two directions. Installation of shut-off valves on water risers passing through built-in shops, canteens, restaurants and other premises inaccessible for inspection at night must be provided in the basement or technical underground, which must have constant access.
Water meters in internal networks must be selected to pass the maximum calculated water flow, taking into account fire costs. Bypass lines at water meters must be installed if there is one entrance to the building, which requires the installation of a fire-fighting water supply system. The water meter and bypass line must be designed to handle the total design water flow.
If water meters are not designed to handle estimated fire water flows, it is necessary to install electric valves that open automatically simultaneously with the start of fire pumps. According to SNiP P-G. 1-70, all water supply networks must be designed to accommodate the design number of fire hydrants located highest on adjacent risers farthest from the input.
All pumping stations with fire pumps and hydropneumatic tanks for internal fire extinguishing are allowed to be located in the first and basement floors of buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance, if these premises are heated and provided with separate exits to the outside or to the staircase. Rooms with hydropneumatic tanks should not be located directly (next to, above, below) with rooms where large numbers of people are possible (conference room, stage, dressing room, auditorium, etc.). Hydropneumatic tanks may be located in the upper technical floors.
All pumping installations of internal drinking water, industrial and fire-fighting water supply systems, except for working pumps, must have backup units (SNiP P-G. 1-70). The number of reserve units for each group of pumps should be taken: with 1-3 working pumps - one reserve unit; with 4-6 working pumps - two reserve units. The installation of fire pumps without backup units may be allowed only in auxiliary warehouse buildings that are not equipped with automatic fire extinguishing means, when extinguishing with a single jet and in industrial buildings when the water consumption for external fire extinguishing does not exceed 20 l/s.
Pumping installations can be provided with manual, remote or automatic control. Pumping installations for fire-fighting purposes are designed with remote and automatic control.
For pumping units fire-fighting water supply systems in buildings with zone water supply, especially critical buildings, buildings of cinemas, clubs, houses of culture, conference halls, assembly halls and buildings equipped with sprinkler and deluge installations, automatic and remote start of pumps should be arranged, in addition to manual activation of pumps from the pumping room stations.
When remotely starting fire-fighting pumping installations, start buttons should be provided at fire hydrants that are not provided with the required pressure from external network, and when fire pumps are automatically turned on, a signal (light and sound) must be simultaneously sent to the fire station room or other room with 24-hour attendance of service personnel.
All pumping installations with water pressure or hydropneumatic tanks should be designed with automatic and manual control.
In internal fire-fighting water supply systems for pumping installations, interruption in operation of which is not allowed, an uninterrupted supply of energy must be provided by connecting to two independent sources of electricity. With one source of electricity, it is allowed to install backup fire pumps driven by internal combustion engines.
The connection of pumps to electric motors must be designed on the same axis.
All water pressure and hydropneumatic tanks must contain a supply of water to regulate the unevenness of water consumption, and if there are fire-fighting devices, an emergency fire-fighting supply of water.
The volume of emergency fire-fighting water supply should be taken as follows:
with manual activation of fire pumps - based on the 10-minute duration of fire extinguishing with internal fire hydrants and sprinklers or deluges with simultaneous maximum water consumption for industrial and household and drinking needs. The water flow rate for sprinkler installations is assumed to be 10 l/s, for deluge installations - such that the simultaneous operation of all deluges of the design section is ensured;
with automatic activation of pumps - based on the 5-minute duration of fire extinguishing with internal fire hydrants in buildings up to 16 floors high and 10-minute duration of fire extinguishing in buildings over 16 floors high, with simultaneous maximum water consumption for household and industrial needs;
with automatic activation of pumps for supplying water to sprinkler and deluge systems - in hydropneumatic reservoirs or water pressure tanks equal to 1.5 m3 with a design water flow rate for internal fire extinguishing of 35 l/s or less and 3 m3 with a design water flow rate of more than 35 l/s With.
When determining the volume of the emergency fire-fighting water supply, water consumption for showers and washing floors is not taken into account.
For internal fire extinguishing of buildings of administrative institutions and design organizations, in accordance with the requirements of the “Temporary Guidelines for the Design of Buildings of Administrative Institutions and Design Organizations” SN 400-69, the internal fire-fighting water supply can be combined with drinking water or independent. Water consumption rates and the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing are taken according to table. thirty.
Note. The rate of water consumption and the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing in conference rooms should be no less than; with a capacity of up to 300 seats - 2 jets of 2.5 l/s, more than 300 seats - 2 jets of 5 l/s.
Constant free pressure at fire hydrants must ensure that the highest and most remote part of the building is served with compact jets of at least 6 m in length in buildings up to 16 floors high and at least 16 m in buildings with a height of 16 floors or more. Fire hydrants in the upper floors operating under the pressure of zone tanks must supply two compact jets of at least 6 liters in length before turning on the fire pump. In fire hydrants
on lower floors, in order to reduce water consumption, the installation of throttling diaphragms is required.
When the number of fire hydrants is more than 10, the internal networks are arranged as ring ones. Zoned networks must be looped horizontally and vertically and connected to external ring networks with at least two inputs.
For combined utility and fire-fighting water supply systems, at the entrances to the building on the bypass line of the water meter unit, it is necessary to install an electric valve, which must open simultaneously with the start of the fire pumps from the buttons installed at the fire hydrants. For separate water supply systems, the water meter is installed on a branch to the domestic drinking water supply.
Fire pumping units must have a 100 percent reserve. Fire pumps are switched on from buttons installed at fire hydrants.
The placement of fire hydrants should ensure the possibility of irrigating each point of the building with one jet in buildings up to 12 floors high and two jets from two adjacent fire hydrants in buildings 12 floors or more high.
The fire-fighting water supply network is calculated taking into account the passage of the full fire water flow through two risers under the condition of simultaneous operation of fire hydrants on two adjacent upper floors. For buildings up to 12 floors high with a volume of 25,000 m3, each riser must be calculated to handle the full fire water flow. In order to concentrate fire jets, for buildings with a height of 16 floors or more, with a multi-story part volume of more than 50,000 m3, it is necessary to install paired fire hydrants connected to one riser and installed in one cabinet.
The internal fire-fighting water supply networks of each zone of buildings with a height of 16 floors or more are required to be provided with two pipes with a diameter of 66 mm leading outward and quick-closing connecting heads for connecting the hoses of fire engines.
Unlike an automatic fire extinguishing system or smoke protection (issues that can somehow be solved by architectural and planning adjustments), fire water supply either must be required or not provided at all.
The requirements for these systems are defined in sections 6 and 12 of SNiP 2.04.01?85 “Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings”.
The first thing that is defined by this document is a list of objects to be equipped with a fire water supply system.
If we summarize the list of these objects, then these are:
residential buildings with a height of 12 floors and above;
office buildings from 6 floors and above;
dormitories and public buildings - regardless of number of floors;
administrative buildings of industrial enterprises with a volume of 5000 m3;
clubs with a stage, theaters, cinemas, assembly and conference halls equipped with film equipment;
the vast majority of production and warehouse premises.
In the specified SNiP, in addition to the list of objects to be equipped with a fire water supply system, the required number of simultaneously formed jets and the required water flow are given (Tables 1 and 2).
Internal fire water supply is not required to be provided:
in the buildings of secondary schools, except for boarding schools, including schools with assembly halls equipped with stationary film equipment, as well as in bathhouses;
in seasonal cinema buildings for any number of seats;
in industrial buildings in which the use of water can cause an explosion, fire, or spread of fire;
in industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance of categories G and D, regardless of their volume, and in industrial buildings of III – V degrees of fire resistance with a volume of no more than 5000 m3 of categories G, D;
in production and administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, as well as in premises for storing vegetables and fruits and in refrigerators that are not equipped with drinking water or industrial water supply, for which fire extinguishing from containers (reservoirs, reservoirs) is provided;
in buildings storing roughage, pesticides and mineral fertilizers.
It is also allowed not to provide internal fire-fighting water supply in industrial buildings for the processing of agricultural products of category B, I and II degrees of fire resistance and a volume of up to 5000 m3.
The fire water supply is usually connected through a valve on the water meter bypass line at the inlet of the drinking water supply system. Sometimes this valve is called a bypass valve. By the way, water (sprinkler and/or deluge) automatic fire extinguishing installations should also be connected here.
Each fire hydrant must be equipped with a fire hose of the same diameter, 10, 15 or 20 m long, and a fire nozzle.
If the drinking water supply system does not provide the required pressure in the fire water supply system, then it becomes necessary to use booster pumps.
Fire water supply pumping installations, as a rule, should consist of a main and backup fire pumps and a pumping station control cabinet, including electrified bypass valves.
Pumping installations for fire-fighting purposes must have manual or remote control, and for buildings with a height of more than 50 m, cultural centers, conference rooms, assembly halls and for buildings equipped with sprinkler and deluge installations - manual, automatic and remote control.
Not a single regulatory document explains what is meant by automatic control.
Apparently, this refers to the start-up of the fire-fighting water supply system when the fire hydrant equipped with a limit switch is actually opened, as well as the start-up when the fire alarm system is activated. And if so, then the start signal is generated from both manual and automatic fire detectors.
The latest Moscow territorial building codes reasonably propose to combine the functions of manual fire call points, fire water supply starting devices and smoke protection systems in a single push-button post. This is completely justified, because in the event of a fire, when running away along the corridor, it would never even occur to anyone to press three different buttons separately.
An automatic or remote start signal must be sent to the pumping units after an automatic check of the water pressure in the system. If there is sufficient pressure in the system, the pump start should be automatically canceled until the pressure drops, requiring the pump unit to be turned on. It should be borne in mind that canceling the start of the pumps in this case does not eliminate the need to open the bypass valve. In any case, the control system must create a delay in starting the pumping unit for the time required to open the bypass valve. All specified logic for starting the fire water supply system, including redundancy of pumping units, must be carried out by the fire water supply control system.
When automatically and remotely turning on the fire water supply system, it is necessary to simultaneously send a signal (light and sound) to the fire station room or another room with 24-hour presence of service personnel. By the way, the technical device that is supposed to implement this function does not, strictly speaking, belong to either the control panel or firefighter control devices and is not subject to mandatory certification. That is, in the case of constructing an autonomous fire-fighting water supply system, light and sound alarm devices can be assembled from available elements.
It is allowed to use household pumps for fire extinguishing, provided that the calculated flow rate is supplied and the water pressure is automatically checked. Household pumps must meet the requirements for fire pumps. When the pressure drops below the permissible level, the fire pump should automatically turn on.
The standards provide for categorizing the reliability of power supply to fire-fighting water supply pumping stations:
Category I - when water consumption for internal fire extinguishing is more than 2.5 l / s (and this is most of the list of objects);
Category II - with water consumption for internal fire extinguishing 2.5 l / s;
If, due to local conditions, it is impossible to power pumping units of category I from two independent power sources, it is allowed to power them from one source, provided they are connected to different lines voltage 0.4 kV and to different transformers of a two-transformer substation or transformers of the two nearest single-transformer substations (with an ATS device).
The design of external fire water supply and internal fire water supply is carried out according to SNiP 2.04.01-85* and SNiP 2.04.02-84*
1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
As a rule, the internal water supply of buildings and structures is multifunctional: domestic and drinking and internal fire protection. Internal fire water supply systems and automatic fire extinguishing systems, as a rule, should be separate.
Ringing of water supply networks of internal fire-fighting water supply systems must be carried out along vertical risers.
To ensure water changeability, it is necessary to provide a ring of fire-fighting risers with one or more water risers with installed shut-off valves.
Internal water supply networks of internal fire-fighting water supply systems of high-rise buildings must be divided into separate high-rise zones; Water supply to individual high-altitude zones can be carried out according to two schemes:
— water supply through a parallel pipeline scheme with pumps installed at the bottom of the building;
— water supply according to a sequential scheme from zone to zone by pumps located at different levels (floors).
It is possible to organize a sequential water supply according to a 2-zone scheme: pumps supply water to the upper water tank, and from it water flows to the lower water tank.
In cases where this is possible, it is advisable to connect risers with a separate fire-fighting water supply system through shut-off valves(normally closed) with other water supply systems.
In a sequential water supply scheme, the water tanks of all zones, except the upper one, should serve not only as a regulating reservoir for their zone, but also as a power source for the zone located above.
To reduce the pressure to that required for normal operation of the internal fire-fighting water supply network, pressure regulators must be installed (after itself) on the line connecting the drinking water supply and internal fire-fighting networks of a given zone.
A water tank in a zone system can be used for both domestic and drinking water supply and internal fire-fighting networks.
The hydrostatic pressure in the system of separate internal fire-fighting water supply and the fire-fighting water supply system at the level of the lowest fire hydrant or control unit should not exceed 0.9 MPa.
The diameter of dry pipes for supplying water to the roof of the building must be at least 65 mm.
Water pipes of the internal fire-prevention water supply of high-rise buildings must be installed in special fireproof channels passing through all floors of the building and having an entrance door and ceilings on each floor.
Floor water supply lines must be accessible for inspection.
Water pipes laid through auxiliary premises, as well as small sections of pipelines in buildings, can be installed in an open manner.
Shut-off valves are installed:
— at each input to the internal network;
— at the base and at the top of vertically looped risers;
- on a ring distribution network to ensure the possibility of disconnecting its individual sections for repairs (but not more than a half-ring).
If the flow meter (water meter) installed at the inlet is not provided for recording water consumption for firefighting needs (through internal fire hydrants), then it must be paralleled with an electric valve that opens automatically simultaneously with the start of fire pumps.
For electrical receivers of fire protection systems, only category I of power supply reliability should be accepted; power supply to fire-fighting devices must be carried out from two independent sources with automatic switching from the main to the backup; a diesel power plant should be provided as a third backup source of power supply.
2. INSTALLATION OF INTERNAL FIRE-PROOF WATER PIPELINE
Calculation of the pressure of the internal fire-fighting water supply should be carried out for fire hydrants located at the highest point and farthest from the pumping station.
If the pressure in the external water supply network is more than 0.6 MPa, then the fire hydrants of the lower floors can be under the pressure of the external water supply network only in the first 10 minutes of the fire, and then the fire pumps must be turned on.
As a rule, each point of the protected premises must be irrigated by at least 2 fire hydrants spaced apart from each other.
The operating time of fire hydrants must be at least 3 hours; when installing fire hydrants on water pipelines combined with the AUP, the duration of operation must correspond to the operating time of the AUP.
A liquid flow detector can be installed in front of the fire hydrant - in this case, a water tank is not required.
3. PUMPING STATIONS
Each pump must be equipped with the required number of valves on the suction and pressure lines, a check valve on the pressure line, pressure gauges to measure the pressure created by the pump, and a pressure and vacuum gauge showing the vacuum in the suction line when drawing water from a tank or reservoir.
Pressure and suction lines must be connected by pipelines on which separation valves must be installed.
The location of pumps, fittings and pipelines must ensure reliable operation, convenience, simplicity and safety of maintenance, as well as the possibility of expanding the station premises.
The design of the pumping station must provide for the possibility of drawing water from different parts of the city network, as well as the installation of a suction ring, the need for each pump to draw water from each half ring and supply water through two pressure lines connected to each other.
The number of valves must be such that it is possible to switch any lines and pumps without disrupting the water supply for fire fighting.
The pump piping circuit must be designed in such a way that the operation of fire pumps does not depend on the operation of utility and drinking water pumps, valves and vibration inserts, which must be immediately turned off in the event of an emergency.
Fire pumping stations and hydropneumatic installations for internal fire extinguishing can be installed in the basement, basement or on any floor of the building.
The rooms in which transformers and electrical distribution devices of pumping stations are installed must have separate exits to the outside.
In the premises of pumping stations equipped with internal combustion engines, it is allowed to place consumable containers with liquid fuel in the amount of: gasoline up to 250 liters, diesel fuel up to 500 liters. The tanks are installed in rooms separated from the turbine room by fireproof enclosing structures with a fire resistance limit of at least 2 hours and equipped with a modular fire extinguishing installation.
Pumping stations must be equipped with fire-fighting water supply, as well as carbon dioxide fire extinguishers and have telephone communication with the fire post and fire station.
When the fire pumps are turned on, the drinking water network, water pressure and hydropneumatic tanks must be disconnected from the fire network by check valves.
Pumping stations can be powered by high (6, 10 and 35 kV) or low (220/380 V) voltage current. If the pumping station is powered by high voltage current, and in the pumping station there are consumers of low or high electricity, but different from the supply voltage, then a transformer substation must be provided that converts the supply voltage to the one required for electricity consumers.
If there are high-voltage electricity consumers at the pumping station (except for rooms for transformers and distribution devices low voltage) a room is required for high voltage switchgear, and sometimes an additional room for high voltage compensating devices (static capacitors).
Pumping stations can use open or protected electric motors, which must be grounded and also have protection against overload currents and temperature increases.
4. WATER PRESSURE AND HYDROPNEUMATIC TANK
Water pressure and hydropneumatic tanks must be installed in ventilated and illuminated rooms with a temperature of at least 5 °C.
Water in water pressure and hydropneumatic tanks must come from utility and drinking pumps.
In a water tank intended for domestic drinking water supply and internal fire-fighting water supply, the inviolability of the fire-fighting water supply must be ensured. The supply of water from the water tank for domestic and drinking needs must be carried out from the level of the emergency fire-fighting water supply through the distribution pipeline on which it is installed check valve. For firefighting needs, water must be supplied from the lower water level in the tank.
The emergency supply of water in the water pressure, hydro- or hydropneumatic tanks must be designed for extinguishing for at least 10 minutes.
Water tanks must be installed at a height that ensures normal operation of the overhead fire hydrants connected to this water tank.
To ensure the required pressure at fire hydrants on several floors located directly below the water tank, water must be supplied to them from the tanks in the upper zone.
Water from water pressure and hydraulic pneumatic tanks must flow into the fire-fighting network through pipelines on which check valves and gate valves and, if possible, liquid flow indicators are installed.
If water tanks (most often for the upper zone) cannot be installed at the highest point of the building, then hydropneumatic units with variable pressure (hydropneumatic tanks) should be used instead.
Hydropneumatic installations with compressors and pumps can be located in the basement or on any floor, including the attic and technical floor. When installing pneumatic installations in the attic, on the upper technical floor or on any floor of the building, the air pressure must be less than the calculated one by the geometric height of the water rise, i.e. the pressure in the water supply network is maintained by air and the geometric height of the tank. If the attic space is small, only a water tank is placed in it, and the pneumatic tank can be placed on the roof, in the basement or on any floor, while compressors and pumps for filling the tanks with water can be installed in the basement, on the first or any floor of the building (except the roof) .
A tray must be placed under each water pressure and hydropneumatic tank at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the bottom, which must be accessible for inspection and repair; The tank tray must be connected by a pipeline with a diameter of at least 38 mm to the overflow pipe.
Water pressure and hydropneumatic tanks must be equipped with drain (mud) and overflow pipes with a valve.
5. AUTOMATION AND SIGNALING OF INTERNAL FIRE PIPELINE OPERATION
All major structures should be equipped with automation: reservoirs, water pressure and hydropneumatic tanks, pumping stations, inlets and water supply networks.
For normal operation of water supply facilities, automatic control of the main technological parameters must be ensured: water level in reservoirs, water pressure hydraulic, pneumatic and hydropneumatic tanks, pressure, water flow in water supply networks and inlets, pump temperature, voltage on the electrical input busbars of the pumping station and buses of automatic devices, as well as provide protection of units from short circuits.
The alarm system must provide light indication of the state of the units under normal operating conditions (pressure in the water supply network and hydropneumatic tank, water level in the tank, water pressure or hydropneumatic tanks, voltage of the electrical network, etc.).
The emergency alarm must provide a light and sound signal about the occurrence of a fire, the activation of the electric motor of the pump, the unit for filling the pump with water, the compressor for supplying air to the hydropneumatic system, a violation of the normal operating mode or in the event of an accident (loss of voltage in the control circuits and disconnection of the power switch, lowering water level in tanks or tanks, pressure drop in the fire-fighting network below the permissible level, etc.). Sound signals about a fire must have a different tone from signals about a malfunction.
All light and sound signals must go to the fire station or other premises with 24-hour presence of service personnel. The signal for the consumption of water in the internal fire-fighting water supply and the activation of the automatic fire extinguishing installation must be sent to the fire station.
Shut-off valves installed on supply and inlet pipelines, if possible, should be equipped with light signaling devices that identify the position of the shut-off valve “Closed” - “Open”.
Download:
Fire water supply, 2010 -
Approved
By order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia
dated March 25, 2009 N 180
Date of introduction:
May 1, 2009
SET OF RULES
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
INTERNAL FIRE PIPING
FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM.
FIRE LINE INSIDE. FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
SP 10.13130.2009
(as amended by Changes No. 1,
approved Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2010 N 641)
Preface
Goals and principles of standardization in Russian Federation established by Federal Law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002 “On Technical Regulation”, and the rules for applying sets of rules - by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for developing and approving codes of rules” dated November 19, 2008 No. 858.
Rulebook Details
1. Developed by the Federal State Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia.
2. Introduced by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 "Fire Safety".
3. Approved and put into effect by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated March 25, 2009 N 180.
4. Registered by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology.
5. Introduced for the first time.
Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notices and texts are also posted in information system for public use - on the official website of the developer (FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) on the Internet.
1. General Provisions
1.1. This set of rules has been developed in accordance with Articles 45, 60, 62, 106 and 107 Federal Law dated July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" (hereinafter referred to as the Technical Regulations), is a regulatory document on fire safety in the field of standardization of voluntary use and establishes fire safety requirements for internal fire water supply systems.
If there are no fire safety requirements for the object of protection in the codes of rules, or if, in order to achieve the required level of its fire safety, technical solutions are used that differ from the solutions provided for by the codes of rules, based on the provisions of the Technical Regulations, special technical conditions must be developed that provide for the implementation of a set of measures to ensure the required level of fire safety of the protected object.
(paragraph introduced by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2010 N 641)
1.2. This set of rules applies to designed and reconstructed internal fire water supply systems.
1.3. This set of rules does not apply to internal fire water supply:
buildings and structures designed according to special technical conditions;
enterprises producing or storing explosive and flammable combustible substances;
for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:
Reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals);
Decomposes when interacting with a fire extinguishing agent, releasing flammable gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides);
Interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite);
Spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).
1.4. This set of rules can be used when developing special technical specifications for the design and construction of buildings.
2. Normative references
This code of practice uses normative references to the following standards:
GOST 27331-87. Fire equipment. Fire classification
GOST R 51844-2009. Fire equipment. Fire cabinets. Are common technical requirements. Test methods
Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards, sets of rules and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or using the annually published information index "National Standards", which is published on as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this set of rules you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.
3. Terms and definitions
In this standard, the following terms with corresponding definitions apply:
3.1. Internal fire water supply (IFP): a set of pipelines and technical means providing water supply to fire hydrants.
3.2. Water tank: a water feeder filled with a calculated volume of water under atmospheric pressure, which automatically provides pressure in the ERV pipelines due to the piezometric height of the location above the fire hydrants, as well as the calculated water flow required for the operation of the ERV fire hydrants until the main water feeder reaches operating mode ( pumping unit).
3.3. Height of the compact part of the jet: the conventional height (length) of the water jet flowing from a hand-held fire nozzle, maintaining its compactness.
Note - The height of the compact part of the jet is assumed to be equal to 0.8 of the height of the vertical jet.
3.4. Hydropneumatic tank (hydropneumatic tank): a water feeder (sealed vessel), partially filled with the calculated volume of water (30 - 70% of the tank capacity) and under excess pressure of compressed air, automatically providing pressure in the ERV pipelines, as well as the calculated water flow required for operation of ERW fire hydrants until the main water supply (pumping unit) reaches operating mode.
3.5. Pumping unit: a pumping unit with component equipment (piping elements and a control system), mounted according to a specific scheme that ensures the operation of the pump.
3.6. Drop: ERW distribution pipeline through which water is supplied from top to bottom.
3.7. Fire valve (FK): a set consisting of a valve installed on the internal fire water supply and equipped with a fire connection head, as well as a fire hose with a manual fire nozzle in accordance with GOST R 51844.
3.8. Fire cabinet: a type of fire equipment designed to accommodate and ensure the safety of technical equipment used during a fire in accordance with GOST R 51844.
3.9. Riser: ERW distribution pipeline with fire hydrants placed on it, through which water is supplied from bottom to top.
4. Technical requirements
4.1. Pipelines and technical means
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2010 No. 641)
4.1.1. For residential and public buildings, as well as administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, the need to install an internal fire-fighting water supply system, as well as the minimum water consumption for fire extinguishing, should be determined in accordance with Table 1, and for industrial and warehouse buildings - in accordance with Table 2.
Table 1
NUMBER OF FIRE TRUNKS AND MINIMUM WATER CONSUMPTION
FOR INTERNAL FIRE FIGHTING
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2010 No. 641)
Residential, public and administrative |
Number |
Minimum |
1 Residential buildings: |
||
with the number of floors from 12 to 16 inclusive. |
2,5 |
|
2,5 |
||
with the number of floors St. 16 to 25 incl. |
2,5 |
|
the same, with the total length of the corridor of St. 10 m |
2,5 |
|
2 Office buildings: |
||
height from 6 to 10 floors inclusive. and volume up to |
2,5 |
|
the same, volume of St. 25000 m3 |
2,5 |
|
|
2,5 |
|
the same, volume of St. 25000 m3 |
2,5 |
|
3 Clubs with a stage, theaters, |
According to |
|
4 Dormitories and public buildings, |
||
with the number of floors up to 10 inclusive. and volume from |
2,5 |
|
the same, volume of St. 25000 m3 |
2,5 |
|
with the number of floors St. 10 and volume up to |
2,5 |
|
the same, volume of St. 25000 m3 |
2,5 |
|
5 Administrative buildings of industrial |
||
from 5000 to 25000 m3 incl. |
2,5 |
|
St. 25000 m3 |
2,5 |
|
Notes:
1. The minimum water flow rate for residential buildings can be taken equal to 1.5 l/s in the presence of fire nozzles, hoses and other equipment with a diameter of 38 mm.
2. The volume of the building is taken to be the construction volume determined in accordance with.
table 2
NUMBER OF FIRE TRUNKS AND MINIMUM CONSUMPTION
WATER FOR INTERNAL FIRE FIGHTING IN INDUSTRIAL WORKS
AND WAREHOUSES
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2010 No. 641)
Degree |
Number of fire nozzles and minimum flow rate |
|||||
from 0.5 |
St. 5 |
St. 50 |
St. 200 |
St. 400 |
||
I and II |
A B C |
2 x 2.5 |
2 x 5 |
2 x 5 |
3 x 5 |
4 x 5 |
III |
IN |
2 x 2.5 |
2 x 5 |
2 x 5 |
||
III |
G, D |
2 x 2.5 |
2 x 2.5 |
|||
IV and V |
IN |
2 x 2.5 |
2 x 5 |
|||
IV and V |
G, D |
2 x 2.5 |
||||
Notes:
1. The sign “-” indicates the need to develop special technical conditions to justify water consumption.
2. For buildings, the degree of fire resistance and the fire hazard category of which are not indicated jointly in the table, the development of special technical conditions to justify water consumption is required.
3. The "*" sign indicates that fire nozzles are not required.
(Notes introduced by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2010 N 641)
The water consumption for fire extinguishing, depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the spray, should be specified according to Table 3. In this case, the simultaneous operation of fire hydrants and sprinkler or deluge installations should be taken into account.
Table 3
WATER CONSUMPTION FOR FIRE FIGHTING DEPENDING ON HEIGHT
COMPACT PART OF THE JET AND SPRAY DIAMETER
Height |
Consumption |
Pressure, MPa, |
Consumption |
Pressure, MPa, |
Consumption |
Pressure, MPa, |
||||||
10 |
15 |
20 |
10 |
15 |
20 |
10 |
15 |
20 |
||||
Fire nozzle tip spray diameter, mm |
||||||||||||
13 |
16 |
19 |
||||||||||
Fire hydrant valve DN 50 |
||||||||||||
2,6 |
0,092 |
0,096 |
0,10 |
3,4 |
0,088 |
0,096 |
0,104 |
|||||
2,9 |
0,12 |
0,125 |
0,13 |
4,1 |
0,129 |
0,138 |
0,148 |
|||||
10 |
3,3 |
0,151 |
0,157 |
0,164 |
4,6 |
0,16 |
0,173 |
0,185 |
||||
12 |
2,6 |
0,202 |
0,206 |
0,21 |
3,7 |
0,192 |
0,196 |
0,21 |
5,2 |
0,206 |
0,223 |
0,24 |
14 |
2,8 |
0,236 |
0,241 |
0,245 |
4,2 |
0,248 |
0,255 |
0,263 |
||||
16 |
3,2 |
0,316 |
0,322 |
0,328 |
4,6 |
0,293 |
0,30 |
0,318 |
||||
18 |
3,6 |
0,39 |
0,398 |
0,406 |
5,1 |
0,36 |
0,38 |
0,40 |
||||
Fire hydrant valve DN 65 |
||||||||||||
2,6 |
0,088 |
0,089 |
0,09 |
3,4 |
0,078 |
0,08 |
0,083 |
|||||
2,9 |
0,11 |
0,112 |
0,114 |
4,1 |
0,114 |
0,117 |
0,121 |
|||||
10 |
3,3 |
0,14 |
0,143 |
0,146 |
4,6 |
0,143 |
0,147 |
0,151 |
||||
12 |
2,6 |
0,198 |
0,199 |
0,201 |
3,7 |
0,18 |
0,183 |
0,186 |
5,2 |
0,182 |
0,19 |
0,199 |
14 |
2,8 |
0,23 |
0,231 |
0,233 |
4,2 |
0,23 |
0,233 |
0,235 |
5,7 |
0,218 |
0,224 |
0,23 |
16 |
3,2 |
0,31 |
0,313 |
0,315 |
4,6 |
0,276 |
0,28 |
0,284 |
6,3 |
0,266 |
0,273 |
0,28 |
18 |
3,6 |
0,38 |
0,383 |
0,385 |
5,1 |
0,338 |
0,342 |
0,346 |
0,329 |
0,338 |
0,348 |
|
20 |
0,464 |
0,467 |
0,47 |
5,6 |
0,412 |
0,424 |
0,418 |
7,5 |
0,372 |
0,385 |
0,397 |
|
4.1.2. Water consumption and number of jets for internal fire extinguishing in public and industrial buildings (regardless of category) with a height of over 50 m and a volume of up to 50,000 cubic meters. m should receive 4 jets of 5 l/s each; for larger buildings - 8 jets of 5 l/s each.
4.1.3. In industrial and warehouse buildings for which, in accordance with Table 2, the need for an ERW installation has been established, the minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing, determined according to Table 2, should be increased:
when using frame elements made of unprotected steel structures in buildings of III and IV (C2, C3) degrees of fire resistance, as well as from solid or laminated wood (including those subjected to fire retardant treatment) - by 5 l/s;
when used in building envelopes of IV (C2, C3) degree of fire resistance of insulation from combustible materials - by 5 l/s for buildings with a volume of up to 10 thousand m3. For buildings with a volume of more than 10 thousand m3 - an additional 5 l/s for each subsequent full or incomplete 100 thousand m3 of volume.
The requirements of this paragraph do not apply to buildings for which, in accordance with Table 2, internal fire water supply is not required.
(Clause 4.1.3 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2010 No. 641)
4.1.4. In halls with large numbers of people in the presence of combustible finishing, the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing should be one more than indicated in Table 1.
(Clause 4.1.4 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2010 No. 641)
4.1.5. Internal fire water supply is not required to be provided:
a) in buildings and premises with a volume or height less than those indicated in tables 1 and 2;
b) in the buildings of secondary schools, except for boarding schools, including schools with assembly halls equipped with stationary film equipment, as well as in bathhouses;
c) in seasonal cinema buildings for any number of seats;
d) in industrial buildings in which the use of water can cause an explosion, fire, or spread of fire;
e) in industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance of categories G and D, regardless of their volume, and in industrial buildings of III - V degrees of fire resistance with a volume of no more than 5000 cubic meters. m categories G and D;
f) in production and administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, as well as in premises for storing vegetables and fruits and in refrigerators that are not equipped with drinking water or industrial water supply, for which fire extinguishing from containers (reservoirs, reservoirs) is provided;
g) in buildings storing roughage, pesticides and mineral fertilizers.
Note - It is allowed not to provide internal fire-fighting water supply in industrial buildings for the processing of agricultural products of category B of I and II degrees of fire resistance with a volume of up to 5000 cubic meters. m.
4.1.6. For parts of buildings of different number of floors or premises for different purposes, the need to install internal fire water supply and water consumption for fire extinguishing should be taken separately for each part of the building in accordance with 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.
In this case, the water consumption for internal fire extinguishing should be taken as follows:
for buildings that do not have fire walls - according to the total volume of the building;
for buildings divided into parts by fire walls of types I and II - according to the volume of that part of the building where the greatest water consumption is required.
When connecting buildings of fire resistance degrees I and II with transitions made of fireproof materials and installing fire doors, the volume of the building is calculated for each building separately; in the absence of fire doors - according to the total volume of buildings and a more dangerous category.
4.1.7. The hydrostatic pressure in the fire-fighting water supply system at the level of the lowest located sanitary fixture should not exceed 0.45 MPa.
The hydrostatic pressure in the separate fire-fighting water supply system at the level of the lowest fire hydrant should not exceed 0.9 MPa.
When the design pressure in the fire-fighting water supply network exceeds 0.45 MPa, it is necessary to provide for the installation of a separate fire-fighting water supply network.
Note - If the pressure at the PC is more than 0.4 MPa, diaphragms and pressure regulators should be installed between the fire valve and the connecting head to reduce excess pressure. It is allowed to install diaphragms with the same hole diameter on 3 - 4 floors of a building.
(Note as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2010 No. 641)
4.1.8. The free pressure at fire hydrants should ensure the production of compact fire jets with the height necessary to extinguish a fire at any time of the day in the highest and most remote part of the room. The minimum height and radius of action of the compact part of the fire jet should be taken equal to the height of the room, counting from the floor to the highest point of the ceiling (covering), but not less than, m:
6 - in residential, public, industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises up to 50 m high;
8 - in residential buildings with a height of over 50 m;
16 - in public, production and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises with a height of over 50 m.
Notes:
1. The pressure at fire hydrants should be determined taking into account pressure losses in fire hoses 10, 15 or 20 m long.
2. To obtain fire jets with a water flow rate of up to 4 l/s, fire hydrants with components with DN 50 should be used, to obtain fire jets of greater productivity - with DN 65. During a feasibility study, it is allowed to use fire hydrants with DN 50 with a capacity of over 4 l/s.
4.1.9. The location and capacity of the building's water tanks must ensure that at any time of the day a compact stream with a height of at least 4 m is obtained on the top floor or the floor located directly below the tank, and at least 6 m on the remaining floors; in this case, the number of jets should be taken: two with a capacity of 2.5 l/s each for 10 minutes. when the total estimated number of jets is two or more, one in other cases.
When installing fire hydrant position sensors on fire hydrants for automatic starting of fire pumps, water tanks may not be provided.
4.1.10. The operating time of fire hydrants should be taken as 3 hours. When installing fire hydrants on automatic fire extinguishing systems, their operating time should be taken equal to the operating time of automatic fire extinguishing systems.
4.1.11. In buildings with a height of 6 floors or more with a combined system of utility and fire water supply, fire risers should be looped at the top. At the same time, to ensure the replacement of water in buildings, it is necessary to provide for the ringing of fire-fighting risers with one or several water risers with the installation of shut-off valves.
It is recommended to connect the risers of a separate fire-fighting water supply system with jumpers to other water supply systems, provided that the systems can be connected.
On fire protection systems with dry pipes located in unheated buildings, shut-off valves should be located in heated rooms.
4.1.12. When determining the location and number of fire risers and fire hydrants in buildings, the following must be taken into account:
in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of at least three, and in residential buildings - at least two, paired fire hydrants can be installed on risers;
in residential buildings with corridors up to 10 m long, with an estimated number of jets of two, each point in the room can be irrigated with two jets supplied from one fire riser;
in residential buildings with corridors more than 10 m long, as well as in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of 2 or more, each point in the room should be irrigated with two jets - one jet from 2 adjacent risers (different PCs).
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2010 No. 641)
Notes:
1. The installation of fire hydrants in technical floors, attics and technical undergrounds should be provided if they contain combustible materials and structures.
2. The number of jets supplied from each riser should be no more than two.
3. Excluded from February 1, 2011. - Change No. 1, approved. By Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2010 N 641.
4.1.13. Fire hydrants should be installed in such a way that the outlet on which it is located is at a height of (1.35 +/- 0.15) m above the floor of the room, and placed in fire cabinets that have openings for ventilation, adapted for their sealing. Twin PCs can be installed one above the other, while the second PC must be installed at a height of at least 1 m from the floor.
(Clause 4.1.13 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2010 No. 641)
4.1.14. Fire cabinets in industrial, auxiliary and public buildings should provide for the possibility of placing portable fire extinguishers.
(Clause 4.1.14 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2010 No. 641)
4.1.15. The internal fire-fighting water supply networks of each zone of a building with a height of 17 floors or more must have 2 pipes leading outside with connecting heads with a diameter of 80 mm for connecting mobile fire fighting equipment with the installation of a check valve and a normal open sealed valve in the building.
(clause 4.1.15 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2010 No. 641)
4.1.16. Internal fire hydrants should be installed primarily at entrances, on the landings of heated (except for smoke-free) staircases, in lobbies, corridors, passages and other most accessible places, and their location should not interfere with the evacuation of people.
4.1.17. In premises subject to protection automatic installations fire extinguishing systems, internal PCs may be placed on the water sprinkler network after control units on pipelines with a diameter of DN-65 or more.
(Clause 4.1.17 introduced by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 09.12.2010 N 641)
4.1.18. In unheated closed premises outside the pumping station, ERV pipelines may be dry-pipe.
(Clause 4.1.18 introduced by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated 09.12.2010 N 641)
4.2. Pumping units
4.2.1. If there is a constant or periodic lack of pressure in the internal fire-fighting water supply system, fire pumping installations must be installed.
4.2.2. Fire pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks for ERW may be located on the first floors and not below the first underground floor of buildings of fire resistance degrees I and II made of fireproof materials. In this case, the rooms of fire pumping installations and hydropneumatic tanks must be heated, separated from other rooms by fire partitions and ceilings with a fire resistance rating of REI 45 and have a separate exit to the outside or to a staircase with exit to the outside. Fire pumping installations can be located in the premises of heating points, boiler rooms and boiler rooms.
(clause 4.2.2 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2010 No. 641)
Notes:
1. Place rooms with hydropneumatic tanks directly (next to, above, below) with rooms where simultaneous occupancy is possible large number people - 50 people. and more (auditorium, stage, dressing room, etc.) are not allowed.
Hydropneumatic tanks may be located on technical floors.
When designing hydropneumatic tanks, the requirements should be taken into account. In this case, the need to register hydropneumatic tanks is established in accordance with.
2. It is not allowed to locate fire pumping installations in buildings in which the power supply is interrupted during the absence of maintenance personnel.
4.2.3. The design of fire pumping installations and the determination of the number of backup units should be carried out taking into account the parallel or sequential operation of fire pumps in each stage.
4.2.4. Each fire pump should be equipped with a check valve, valve and pressure gauge on the pressure line, and a valve and pressure gauge should be installed on the suction line.
When operating a fire pump without back-up on the suction line, there is no need to install a valve on it.
4.2.5. In fire pumping installations, it is allowed not to provide vibration-isolating bases and vibration-isolating inserts.
4.2.6. Fire pumping installations with hydropneumatic tanks should be designed with variable pressure. Replenishment of the air supply in the tank should be carried out, as a rule, by compressors with automatic or manual start.
4.2.7. Pumping installations for fire-fighting purposes should be designed with manual or remote control, and for buildings with a height of over 50 m, cultural centers, conference rooms, assembly halls and for buildings equipped with sprinkler and deluge installations - with manual, automatic and remote control.
Notes:
1. An automatic or remote start signal must be sent to fire pumping units after an automatic check of the water pressure in the system. If there is sufficient pressure in the system, the start of the fire pump should be automatically canceled until the pressure drops, requiring the fire pump unit to be turned on.
2. It is allowed to use household pumps for fire extinguishing, provided that the calculated flow rate is supplied and the water pressure is automatically checked. Household pumps must meet the requirements for fire pumps. When the pressure drops below the permissible level, the fire pump should automatically turn on.
3. Simultaneously with the signal for automatic or remote start of fire pumps or the opening of the fire hydrant valve, a signal must be received to open the electrified valve on the water meter bypass line at the water supply inlet.
4.2.8. When remotely starting fire pumping installations, start buttons should be installed in or near fire cabinets. When automatically starting VPV fire pumps, installation of start buttons in PC cabinets is not required. When automatically and remotely turning on fire pumps, it is necessary to simultaneously send a signal (light and sound) to the fire station room or another room with 24-hour presence of service personnel.
(clause 4.2.8 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 2010 No. 641)
4.2.9. When automatically controlling a fire pumping installation, the following must be provided:
Automatic start and shutdown of the main fire pumps depending on the required pressure in the system;
Automatic activation of the backup pump in case of emergency shutdown of the main fire pump;
Simultaneously sending a signal (light and sound) about an emergency shutdown of the main fire pump to the fire station room or other room with 24-hour presence of maintenance personnel.
4.2.10. For pumping units supplying water for firefighting needs, it is necessary to accept the following category of power supply reliability according to:
I - when the water consumption for internal fire extinguishing is more than 2.5 l/s, as well as for fire pumping installations, interruption in operation of which is not allowed;
II - with water consumption for internal fire extinguishing 2.5 l/s; for residential buildings with a height of 10 - 16 floors with a total water flow of 5 l/s, as well as for fire pumping installations that allow a short break in operation for the time required to manually turn on the backup power.
Notes:
1. If, due to local conditions, it is impossible to power fire pumping installations of category I from two independent power supply sources, it is allowed to power them from one source, provided they are connected to different lines with a voltage of 0.4 kV and to different transformers of a two-transformer substation or transformers of the two nearest single-transformer substations ( with AVR device).
2. If it is impossible to ensure the necessary reliability of power supply to fire pumping installations, it is allowed to install backup pumps driven by internal combustion engines. However, it is not allowed to place them in basements.
4.2.11. When drawing water from a reservoir, it is necessary to install fire pumps “under the flood”. If fire pumps are located above the water level in the reservoir, devices for priming the pumps should be provided or self-priming pumps should be installed.
4.2.12. When water is drawn from tanks by fire pumps, at least two suction lines should be provided. The calculation of each of them should be made for the passage of the calculated water flow, including fire protection.
4.2.13. Piping in fire pumping stations, as well as suction lines outside fire pumping stations, should be designed from steel pipes in welding using flange connections for connection to fire pumps and fittings. In buried and semi-buried fire pumping stations, measures should be taken to collect and remove accidental water runoff.
If necessary installation drain pump Its performance should be determined from the condition of preventing the water level in the turbine room from rising above the lower mark of the electric drive of the fire pump.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SNiP 2.08.02-89* Public buildings and structures
PB 03-576-03 Rules for design and safe operation
Pressure vessels
The association assists in providing services in the sale of timber: at competitive prices on an ongoing basis. Forest products of excellent quality.
Documentation
Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements”.
Set of rules SP 10.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Internal fire water supply. Fire safety requirements" (as amended on 12/09/2010).
SNiP 2.04.01-85 “Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings” (approved by Resolution of the USSR State Construction Committee dated 10/04/85 N 189, as amended on 07/11/96).
At the moment (after May 1, 2009), when reconstructing existing internal fire water supply systems, it is necessary to comply with the requirements established by Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" and regulatory documents on fire safety developed for implementation of technical regulations on fire safety requirements (codes of rules, national standards, fire safety rules)
In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 86 of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements,” the requirements for internal fire water supply are established by regulatory documents on fire safety.
At the moment, the regulatory documents on fire safety that establish fire safety requirements for internal fire water supply include the Code of Rules SP 10.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Internal fire water supply. Fire safety requirements" (as amended on 12/09/2010).
In accordance with the requirements of Article 90 of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements”, it is allowed to carry out fire-fighting water supply combined with utility water supply.
In accordance with clause 4.1.7. SP 10.13130.2009, when the design pressure in the fire-fighting water supply network exceeds 0.45 MPa, it is necessary to provide for the installation of a separate fire-fighting water supply network.
In accordance with clause 4.2.13. SP 10.13130.2009 pipelines in fire pumping stations, as well as suction lines outside fire pumping stations, should be designed from welded steel pipes using flanged connections for connection to fire pumps and fittings.
To determine the requirements for the types of materials used for internal pipelines of internal fire-fighting water supply systems, it is also possible to use Construction Norms and Rules SNiP 2.04.01-85 “Internal Plumbing and Sewerage of Buildings” (approved by Resolution of the USSR State Construction Committee dated 04.10.85 N 189, rev. dated July 11, 1996).
In accordance with clause 10.1. SNiP 2.04.01-85 for internal pipelines of cold and hot water Plastic pipes and fittings made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polybutylene, metal-polymer, fiberglass and other plastic materials should be used for all water supply networks, except for a separate fire-fighting water supply network.
For all internal water supply networks, it is allowed to use copper, bronze and brass pipes, fittings, as well as steel pipes with internal and external protective coating against corrosion.
In accordance with clause 10.2. SNiP 2.04.01-85 pipelines made of combustible materials laid in rooms of fire hazard categories A, B and C should be protected from fire.
If the design pressure in the fire-fighting water supply network does not exceed 0.45 MPa, then it is possible to provide for the installation of a fire-fighting water supply system combined with a utility one.
In this case, it is possible to use plastic pipes and fittings made of polypropylene for the internal pipelines of the internal fire-fighting water supply system combined with the utility water supply.
At the same time, pipelines made of combustible materials laid in warehouses and production premises of fire hazard categories A, B, B1, B2, B3, B4 should be protected from fire.
Pipelines in fire pumping stations, as well as suction lines outside fire pumping stations, should be designed from welded steel pipes using flanged connections for connection to fire pumps and fittings
