Home purification of tap water. How and with what you can purify water at home. Types of simple filters for water purification

Physical and chemical methods of water purification

As the name implies, water purification methods of this group combine chemical and physical impact for water pollutants. They are quite diverse and are used to remove a wide variety of substances. These include dissolved gases, fine liquid or solid particles, ions heavy metals, and various substances in a dissolved state. Physical-chemical methods can be applied both at the pre-cleaning stage and at later stages for deep cleaning.

The variety of methods in this group is large, so the most common of them will be listed below:

flotation;
sorption;
extraction;
ion exchange;
electrodialysis;
reverse osmosis;
thermal methods.

Flotation, in relation to water treatment, is the process of separating hydrophobic particles when passing through water a large number gas bubbles (usually air). The wettability of the pollutant to be separated is such that the particles are fixed on the interface of the phases of the bubbles and together with them rise to the surface, where they form a layer of foam that can be easily removed. If the separated particle is larger than the bubbles, then together they (particle + bubbles) form the so-called flotation complex. Often, flotation is combined with the use of chemical reagents, for example, sorbed on pollutant particles, thereby reducing its wettability, or being coagulants and leading to coarsening of the removed particles. Flotation is mainly used to purify water from various petroleum products and oils, but solid impurities can also be removed, the separation of which by other methods is inefficient.

There are various options for the implementation of the flotation process, in view of which the following types are distinguished:

foamy;
pressure;
mechanical:
pneumatic;
electric;
chemical, etc.

Let us give an example of the principle of operation of some of them. The pneumatic flotation method is widely used, in which the formation of an upward flow of bubbles is created by installing aerators at the bottom of the tank, usually representing perforated pipes or plates. The air supplied under pressure passes through the perforation holes, due to which it is crushed into individual bubbles that carry out the flotation process itself. In pressure flotation, the stream of purified water is mixed with the stream of water supersaturated with gas and under pressure, and is fed into the flotation chamber. With a sharp drop in pressure, the gas dissolved in water begins to be released in the form of small bubbles. In the case of electroflotation, the process of bubble formation proceeds on the surface of the electrodes located in the purified water when an electric current flows through them.

Sorption methods are based on the selective absorption of pollutants in the surface layer of the sorbent (adsorption) or in its volume (absorption). In particular, the process of adsorption is used to purify water, which can be physical and chemical in nature. The difference lies in the way the adsorbed pollutant is retained: using the forces of molecular interaction (physical adsorption) or due to the formation of chemical bonds (chemical adsorption or chemisorption). The methods of this group are able to achieve high efficiency and remove even small concentrations of pollutants from water at high flow rates, which makes them preferable as post-treatment methods at the final stages of the water purification and water treatment process. Sorption methods can remove various herbicides and pesticides, phenols, surfactants, etc.

As adsorbents, substances such as activated carbons, silica gels, alumogels and zeolites are used. Their structure is made porous, which significantly increases the specific area of the adsorbent per unit of its volume, due to which a greater efficiency of the process is achieved. The adsorption purification process itself can be carried out by mixing the purified water and the adsorbent, or by filtering the water through the adsorbent layer. Depending on the sorbent material and the pollutant to be removed, the process can be regenerative (the adsorbent is reused after regeneration) or destructive, when the adsorbent must be disposed of due to the impossibility of its regeneration.

Water purification by liquid extraction is to use extractants. With regard to water purification, an extractant is a liquid that is immiscible or slightly miscible with water, which dissolves pollutants extracted from water much better. The process is carried out as follows: the purified water and the extractant are mixed to develop a large phase contact surface, after which the dissolved pollutants are redistributed in them, most of which passes into the extractant, then the two phases are separated. The extractant saturated with extracted pollutants is called an extract, and purified water is called a raffinate. Further, the extractant can be disposed of or regenerated depending on the process conditions. This method removes mainly organic compounds from water, such as phenols and organic acids. If the extracted substance is of a certain value, then after the regeneration of the extractant, instead of disposal, it can be usefully used for other purposes. This fact contributes to the application of the extraction method of purification to the wastewater of enterprises for the extraction and subsequent use or return to production of a number of substances lost with wastewater.

Ion exchange It is mainly used in water treatment to soften water, that is, to remove hardness salts. The essence of the process is the exchange of ions between water and a special material called ion exchanger. Ion exchangers are divided into cation exchangers and anion exchangers depending on the type of exchanged ions. From a chemical point of view, an ion exchanger is a high-molecular substance consisting of a framework (matrix) with a large number of functional groups capable of ion exchange. There are natural ion exchangers, such as zeolites and sulfonated coals, which were used in the early stages of the development of ion-exchange purification, but now artificial ion-exchange resins are widely used, significantly surpassing their natural counterparts in ion-exchange capacity. The ion exchange cleaning method is widely used both in industry and in everyday life. Household ion-exchange filters, as a rule, are not used to work with heavily polluted waters, so the resource of one filter is enough to purify a large amount of water, after which the filter must be disposed of. At the same time, during water treatment, ion-exchange material is most often subject to regeneration using solutions with a high content of H + or OH - ions.

Electrodialysis is a complex method that combines membrane and electrical processes. With its help, various ions can be removed from the water and desalination can be carried out. Unlike conventional membrane processes, electrodialysis uses special ion-selective membranes that allow only ions of a certain sign to pass through. The apparatus for conducting electrodialysis is called an electrodialyzer and is a series of chambers separated by alternating cation-exchange and anion-exchange membranes, into which the purified water enters. In the extreme chambers there are electrodes to which a direct current is supplied. Under the action of the emerging electric field, the ions begin to move towards the electrodes according to their charge until they meet an ion-selective membrane with a matching charge. This leads to the fact that in some chambers there is a constant outflow of ions (desalination chambers), while in others, on the contrary, their accumulation is observed (concentration chamber). By diluting flows from different chambers, concentrated and desalted solutions can be obtained. The undeniable advantages of this method lie not only in the purification of water from ions, but also in the preparation of concentrated solutions of the separated substance, which makes it possible to return it back to production. This makes electrodialysis especially in demand at various chemical enterprises, where some of the valuable components are lost along with wastewater, and the use of this method is made cheaper by obtaining a concentrate.

More information on electrodialysis

Reverse osmosis refers to membrane processes and is carried out under pressure greater than osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure - excess hydrostatic pressure applied to a solution separated by a semi-permeable partition (membrane) from a pure solvent, at which diffusion of the pure solvent through the membrane into the solution stops. Accordingly, at an operating pressure above the osmotic pressure, a reverse transition of the solvent from the solution will be observed, due to which the concentration of the solute will increase. Dissolved gases, salts (including hardness salts), colloidal particles, as well as bacteria and viruses can be separated in this way. Also, reverse osmosis plants are distinguished by the fact that they are used to obtain fresh water from sea water. This type of treatment is successfully used both in domestic conditions and in wastewater treatment and water treatment.

More information on reverse osmosis and reverse osmosis systems

Thermal methods based on the effect of high or low temperatures on the treated water. Evaporation is one of the most energy-intensive processes, but it produces water of high purity and a highly concentrated solution with non-volatile contaminants. Also, the concentration of impurities can be carried out using freezing, since pure water begins to crystallize first, and only then the remaining part of it with dissolved pollutants. Evaporation, as well as freezing, can be carried out crystallization - the separation of impurities in the form of precipitated crystals from a saturated solution. As an extreme method, thermal oxidation is used, when the treated water is atomized and exposed to high-temperature products of fuel combustion. This method is used to neutralize highly toxic or difficult to decompose pollutants.

Everyone knows that it is better not to drink tap water, as it can be harmful to health. Even boiling does not solve all problems with drinking water. You can, of course, buy water in stores, but it is quite expensive and not always convenient. A simple and reasonable solution would be to purify drinking water at home. There are many fairly effective and reliable built-in household water filters, faucet attachments, portable filter jugs and various water treatment plants. However, there are other methods to purify tap water.

The main methods of self-purification of tap water

Sedimentation of tap water

Chlorine destroys pathogenic bacteria, so the city water supply is chlorinated. As a result of this process, water acquires an unpleasant taste and smell. Drinking such water is unsafe, since chlorine tends to accumulate in the body, which is unsafe for health.

During boiling, chlorine forms compounds harmful to the human body. To avoid this, it is recommended to defend tap water. To do this, pour water from the tap into a container (preferably glass, not plastic) and leave for 6-8 hours. During this time, impurities of heavy metals and chlorine compounds will evaporate from the water, salts of heavy metals will settle to the bottom. Next, you need to carefully pour 3/4 of the liquid into another container, and drain the remaining sediment.

Saturation of water with silicon

Silicon is the strongest water activator, which has powerful bactericidal properties and is one of the best filters. Water, after treatment with silicon, becomes pleasant to the taste, does not deteriorate and can be stored for a long time. This is an easy way to get the required amount of an element that has been used by people for centuries. Previously, black silicon even laid out the bottoms of wells. It is a mineral that includes silicon dioxide. Silicon is able to stabilize the structure of water and displace pathogenic substances from it that negatively affect our body.

Silicon can be purchased at some pharmacies, ordered online, or found at stone shows. It can also be found in natural conditions.

Before you start filtering tap water with flint, you need to thoroughly wash the stones, and then fill them with water and leave for several days. It is necessary to filter the water in a glass container, covering it with gauze so that dust does not get in. A container of water is best left at room temperature and daylight (but not in direct sunlight). Crystals should be washed systematically (once a week) so that plaque does not form on them.

Silicon water should be stored in a glass container with a closed lid. Thus, the water will retain its properties for several months. medicinal properties. For healing, such water should be drunk in small portions several times a day. Water containing silicon should not be boiled.

freezing water

In the process of freezing, the water is purified from salts of heavy metals. Melt water is good for human health.

This method is very simple and accessible to everyone. You just need to collect cold water in plastic bottles, place in the freezer and wait until about half freezes. Unfrozen water must be drained, as it is harmful to the human body.

Ice needs to be thawed melt water it is useful to drink and wash with it (it has a beneficial effect on the condition of the skin). It is important to consider here that only the ice that is transparent is useful. If the ice is cloudy, it means that there is a high concentration of harmful substances in the water.

The disadvantage of this method of water purification is that along with harmful salts, useful ones that are necessary for the human body are also destroyed.

Water purification with activated carbon

Filter water with activated carbon effective way. Coal helps to improve the taste and smell of water, relieves it of harmful impurities by absorbing harmful substances.

To purify tap water with activated carbon, it is necessary to wrap the tablets in gauze or cotton wool, place them on the bottom of a glass container with water. The liquid will thus be cleared in 10-12 hours.

Using this method, it is important to know that water with coal cannot be kept in a warm room so that coal does not become a habitat for various microorganisms.

Water purification with silver

Everyone knows that silver has bactericidal properties and perfectly purifies water.

To purify water in this way, it is best to use 925 sterling silver. A silver object, such as a silver spoon, should be placed in a glass container with water and left for 8-10 hours. Before use, the spoon should be thoroughly washed using soda. If the silver object is dull, it must be rubbed to a shine, since the oxide film on its surface prevents the silver from coming into contact with water. At the end of the filtration, the spoon is rinsed and wiped dry.

"Silver" water does not lose its beneficial features and stored for a long time.

It is important to know that silver is toxic and dangerous to human body metal, so this water should be drunk in doses so that the metabolism is not disturbed.

It should be noted that the methods of water purification in natural conditions are somewhat different.

Water purification with additives

Purify tap water by yourself You can also add various liquids and substances to it:

- Vinegar. To 1 liter of water, add 1 teaspoon of vinegar:

- Iodine. For 1 liter of water you will need 3 drops of 5% iodine;

- Wine. Pour 300 grams of young dry white wine into 1 liter of water;

- Bunch of rowan. Natural antibiotics, which are contained in mountain ash, within 3 hours will destroy bacteria in water no worse than chlorine. Affordable and easy way.

- Willow bark, juniper branches, bird cherry leaves or onion peel in terms of the nature of the effect on bacteria in water, they are in no way inferior to the properties of mountain ash. The cleaning time is somewhat longer - about 12 hours.

It is worth emphasizing that it is necessary to filter and disinfect water following the instructions. It is important to wait for the designated time and not to rush.

There are many quite reliable household water filters that will solve the problem. These are drinking water filters that are built into the sink, faucet nozzles, pitcher filters, water pre-treatment installations throughout the apartment. But when the filter is out of order, and the problem needs to be solved at least for a while, we remember more simple ways tap water purification.

settling

Chlorinated tap water tastes and smells bad. But chlorination is necessary to neutralize the microorganisms present in the water. To neutralize the microorganisms present in the water, it is chlorinated. Drinking chlorinated water is not recommended, chlorine has the ability to accumulate in the body and during boiling forms very harmful chemical compounds. You can neutralize the effect of chlorine by settling the water. Simply pour tap water into a large container and leave for 7-8 hours. Heavy metal impurities and chlorine compounds will evaporate during this time. Important! Use for drinking and food you need ¾ of settled water, pour out the rest.

ICE FILTER

A simple method of preparing melt water at home is suitable for those who have a roomy freezer. Cold water in plastic bottles should be placed in the freezer and wait until about half of it freezes. In the middle of the volume, unfrozen water remains, which is poured out. The ice is thawed and used for drinking. The idea of this method of water purification is that pure water freezes first, and most of the impurities remain in solution. Even sea ice is mostly fresh water, despite the fact that it forms on the surface of a salty body of water. It is important to know: only the water from which clear ice is obtained can be used for food. If the ice looks cloudy, the water from it is saturated with harmful substances. Therefore, doctors recommend only clear, clean ice to defrost and drink. Melt water from it is very useful for the skin, so you can actively use it for washing.

Silicon Enrichment

Silicon has strong bactericidal properties, in fact it is the best natural water filter, but the question is - where to get it? Silicon can be bought at some pharmacies or ordered online. Its cost is not high - 230-250 rubles for 150 g. In addition, silicon also has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal properties, improves metabolism, has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, preventing the occurrence of pathologies, and contributes to the rapid removal of toxins from the body , toxins, carcinogens and other harmful substances. Before using silicon for the first time, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse it with running water, then pour it with water and infuse for 2-3 days. It is necessary to drink in small portions, at least 2-3 glasses per day. Periodically (1 time per week) the crystals should be washed from the formed plaque.

Cleansing with activated carbon

Activated carbon is a part of household bulk filters for water purification. It is an effective water purifier, after application of which tap water becomes more pleasant in taste and smell. since coal absorbs almost all harmful substances found in tap water. To purify water with activated charcoal, you need to place a home-made filter in the form of a fabric or gauze bag filled with activated charcoal - powdered, granular or in tablets (tablets must first be crushed) on a container with water. True, such an impromptu filter cannot be used for a long time; it requires replacement in a few days.

Silver cleansing

The ions contained in silver actively purify water. Silver has bactericidal properties, so you can pour water into a large glass container, place a silver object (with 999 fineness) inside and let the water stand for 8-10 hours. The only thing - it is not recommended to drink only such water, silver - silver toxins can accumulate, creating an excess of silver in the body, which can lead to metabolic disorders.

Photo: seasons. agency / Jalag / Wrage, Gotz, fotoimedia/Ingram.

Clean and high-quality drinking water is a guarantee of health and well-being. Therefore, today almost every home has a water filter. But it is not necessary to buy this important item. It is quite possible to make a filter with your own hands.

Water is the basis of all living things. Without water, a person can survive no more than three days (while without food, he can do two weeks). Water is the beginning of life. But it can also bring health problems. We are talking about untreated (unfiltered) water containing harmful chemical elements, compounds, impurities. The problem of clean drinking water is not new. And cleaning it is a serious household procedure.

How to purify drinking water at home

If we had the opportunity to consider a drop of water that we are going to drink, we might seriously think about the issue of filtering this product, which cannot be dispensed with. In this case, household filters come to the rescue. There are a lot of them on sale now. But what if there is no factory filter at hand? Do you need to clean the water from harmful components? It turns out that it is quite possible to make an impromptu and effective water filter using improvised means and certain materials. There are even simple folk ways, which have been used for centuries, and which you may not have heard of at all.

Here is a list of the most common water filters or methods just for you.

1. Boiling

But all this can be achieved under the conditions:

Boil water for at least 15 minutes.
Do not cover the container in which water is boiled.

This method has serious drawbacks:

Fresh water contains oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium ions. The boiling process helps to displace oxygen from the water. Ions react with each other under the influence of elevated temperatures, as a result, calcium salts and other elements are formed, deposited in scale on the inner walls of the boiling dishes. And we end up with not only "dead" water, but also harmful to health: for example, calcium salts over time can trigger the formation of kidney stones, the development of diseases such as arthritis.
It is impossible to remove salts of iron, lead, mercury and other heavy metals from water by boiling.
Chlorine and its compounds, reacting with org. compounds, form the so-called trihalomethanes and dioxin - carcinogenic substances, which in significant quantities can provoke the formation of malignant tumors in the body.

2. Settling water

The essence of the method is to defend the most ordinary tap water for 8 - 12 hours (exactly this amount of time is required for the evaporation of chlorine and other volatile impurities).

To stimulate the evaporation of substances we do not need, it is advisable to stir the water from time to time.
However, salts of heavy metals do not disappear from the settled water, calmly settling at the bottom, therefore, approximately one and a half hours before drinking, the water does not need to be mixed.

In order to achieve water that is maximally purified from heavy metals, it is advisable to pour 2/3 of the volume of the liquid obtained into another container so that the harmful sediment remains at the bottom.

3. Freezing water

Freezing allows not only to purify water from salts and other impurities, but also to saturate it with oxygen.
What is the use of melt water:

Removal of cholesterol and salts from the body.
Strengthening immunity.
Reducing the likelihood of allergies.
Rejuvenation.

How is melt water obtained?

Do not completely fill a plastic container (but do not use a plastic bottle) or a special plastic freezer bag with water: when frozen, the water expands in volume. That is why it is not recommended to take glass containers.
Send a container of water to the freezer and hold for exactly as long as 2/3 of it goes into a solid state of aggregation.
Drain any water that has not been frozen because it contains salts that stop the freezing process.
Defrost the existing ice - your melt water is ready.

It is advisable to use up to 1.5 - 2 liters of melt water per day.

4. Water purification with activated carbon

Activated charcoal - in this matter affordable and at the same time effective remedy. It successfully absorbs unwanted impurities and unpleasant "flavors".

Classic household filters for water purification "work" on carbon filters.

How to make such a filter yourself?

Take:

Activated charcoal (50 tablets).
Gauze (a bandage of sufficient width will do).
Vatu.
1 liter glass jar.
A bottle (made of plastic) from under water with a volume of 1.5 liters.

Manufacturing technology of the filter of three layers:

1. Cut off the bottom of a plastic bottle and insert it upside down into a jar.

2. Cut off a piece of gauze (20x20 cm in size), in which cotton wool should be wrapped (this is the first layer of our filter).

3. The second layer - it will be carefully crushed tablets of activated carbon, which should be wrapped in cotton wool.

4. The third layer is prepared in exactly the same way as the first.

Please note that the filter layers fit one to the other tightly enough.

More fast method water treatment:

Send activated carbon in the ratio of 1 tablet per 1 liter of water to a gauze bag.
Tie the bag and send it to a bowl of water for 6-8 hours.

5. Silver cleaning

It has long been a well-known method of water purification from microbes, viruses, bleach and other unnecessary substances. How can you purify water with silver? It is necessary to place any silver item in a bowl of water for approximately 8 to 10 hours.

Silver can disinfect drinking water. In addition, this metal has a healing effect on the immune system, has a beneficial effect on appearance skin and hair, starts the digestive tract.

Attention! Colloidal (liquid) silver should not be used for this purpose. The latter, accumulating in the body, causes poisoning and provokes the development of such a disease as argyrosis, the symptoms of which are darkening of the skin up to a darkish gray tone.

6. Silicon cleaning

To carry out water purification with silicon, you need a stone weighing 5-10 g (it’s really possible to buy one in a regular pharmacy).
Silicon Water Purification Technology:

1. Rinse the silicon under running water.

2. Place it in a glass container with cold water(5 g of silicon is enough to purify 1 liter of water).

3. Cover the container with two layers of gauze.

4. Settle water for 3 days: make sure that direct sunlight does not fall on the water container, however, you do not need to put water in a dark room.

5. After 3 days, pour the water into the prepared container, leaving 1/3 of the settled water with a precipitate of salts of traces of heavy metals at the bottom.

6. After each cleaning, the stone should be thoroughly washed and systematically brushed.
Water purified in this way has a good effect on immune system and blood circulation, has a rejuvenating effect.

Attention! Silicon water has no contraindications.

7. Cleaning with shungite

Another stone that is suitable for water purification is called shungite (you can also actually buy it at a pharmacy).

This mineral can absorb compounds of chlorine, phenol and acetone, which are unusually harmful to humans, remove pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms from water.

To purify 1 liter of water, you need to take 100 g of shungite.

Shungite water purification technology:

1. Rinse this stone thoroughly.

2. Place shungite in a bowl with water at room temperature and infuse for 3 days: the bowl with water should not be closed (just cover it with gauze).

3. At the first stage of purification, the water will acquire a black tone, but after a while it will be transparent again, and the resulting dust from mineral particles will settle to the bottom.

4. After 1 hour of the process, the water will be cleared of bacteria and nitrates, and after 3 days it will have healing properties (according to healers).

5. Drain the water, leaving approximately 3 cm of water at the bottom.

After applying shungite, it is necessary to wash it thoroughly, clean it with a brush about 1 time in 30 days, and change it to a new stone 2 times a year.

Attention! Water purified with shungite has a number of contraindications:

The tendency to thrombosis.
Contributes to the emergence and development of oncology.
Increased acidity.
Diseases in the period of exacerbation.

It is advisable to consult your family doctor before using a stone for water purification.

8. Folk remedies

Apple vinegar. Dilute 1 teaspoon in 1 liter of water, then insist the mixture for 2-3 hours in order to destroy microbes.
Vinegar can be replaced with 5% iodine, which should be added to water in the ratio of 3 drops of iodine per 1 liter of water. Insist 2 hours.
The disadvantage of the method: water that has been purified with vinegar or iodine has a not quite, to put it mildly, pleasant smell and a specific taste.

Do not forget that an excessive amount of iodine can lead to the following manifestations in the body:

Muscle weakness.
Persistent low-grade fever against the background of the absence of signs of a specific disease.
Sweating.
Diarrhea.

Cleansing with bunches of mountain ash. This water is fragrant and has a very pleasant aftertaste. The use of rowan according to the result, a number of experts equate with water purification with silver or coal.

To purify drinking water, it will be enough for you to lower a well-washed bunch of ripe mountain ash into a bowl of water. This plant is extremely rich in natural antibiotics, so in 3 hours the pathogenic bacteria present in the water will be destroyed.

Clusters of mountain ash can be replaced with onion husks, bird cherry leaves and juniper branches, but in this case, the water will have to infuse for up to 12 hours.

Remember! To strengthen the cleansing effect, it is advisable to always filter the water after infusion.
Folk remedies cannot completely purify water from chlorine compounds and microbes, therefore, non-existent universal qualities should not be attributed to them.

Water purification without a household filter

Drinking water, which we use daily, can be a healing agent, or it can be a source of acquired diseases. Therefore, you should not be negligent about the water that you use. For example, tap water contains a lot of components harmful to humans. It is enough to imagine that mucus accumulates on the inner perimeter of water pipes from year to year, microorganisms multiply, which can easily penetrate our body. If the water pipes are old or made of metals susceptible to corrosion, then rust is added to a wide range of compounds and substances harmful to health.

Clean drinking water becomes a real treasure. Could people who lived 100 years ago imagine that drinking water would be sold for money? You may know that drinking water shortages are on the list. global problems humanity. Indeed, despite all the achievements of science, people have not yet figured out how to replace water.published.

* Econet.ru articles are for informational and educational purposes only and do not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always consult your doctor for any questions you may have about a medical condition.

Types of cleaning methods

Conventionally, all methods of water purification can be divided into the following groups:

Purification by folk methods.
Purification by boiling, settling, freezing.
Filtration using cleaning materials.

Let's dwell on each of them in detail. Let's outline the pros and cons.

DIV_ADBLOCK2">

Secondly, after boiling, the chlorine in the water does not disappear at all, but changes into an even more dangerous compound for human health. The concentration of salts in boiled water increases, as evidenced by the white precipitate that has fallen out. And the water itself becomes useless, empty. That is why many people cannot drink boiled water.

Freezing

The most advantageous in comparison with boiling is such a method of water purification as freezing. Draw water into a container, do not fill it to the brim (water expands when frozen), leave some empty space in the vessel. Place it in the freezer. Watch how the water freezes. When it turns into ice by 2/3, take out your container. Only pure water freezes first. Drain the liquid that did not have time to freeze, it was in it that all harmful impurities and salts settled. And feel free to defrost a frozen piece and drink the resulting water. It is impossible to store such a liquid for a long time, it is better to use it immediately. If you have at home freezer, you can set up the process of freezing and thawing water by setting a schedule. And your family and friends will always be provided with clean drinking water. This method has received medical approval.

settling

Quite effective, but time-consuming method. So, draw water from the tap into a container. You don't need to cover it with a lid. Leave the vessel for at least 8 hours, you can overnight. In this case, the water must not be shaken and mixed. Harmful impurities will settle to the bottom, chlorine will evaporate. Then drain the water, leaving about a quarter in the container. Remember, metals and salts have not gone away, they just settled to the bottom.

b"> Cleansing ingredients

Salt. A water purification method accessible to all. For 2 liters of liquid, we take 2 tablespoons of table salt, dissolve them in water. Leave the resulting solution for 20 minutes. Salt will make our water free from heavy metals and harmful microorganisms.
Activated carbon. Another budget way to get clean water. Activated charcoal is an excellent absorbent, it perfectly, like a sponge, absorbs all harmful impurities and unpleasant odors. Wrap 5 tablets of activated charcoal in gauze, place it at the bottom of a container of water. The coal will take effect. After 5-6 hours, remove the gauze from the container and safely drink the resulting water. This method can be used not only at home, but also in field conditions.
Silver. Even our ancestors noticed that those people who consumed food from silver cutlery got sick less often. As before, not everyone can afford to buy a pure silver table service today. This is quite an expensive purchase. But anyone can purify water with silver. Silver not only disinfects water, but also has a beneficial effect on human immunity, metabolic processes in organism. Place any silver item in a vessel of water. It could be jewelry, spoon, manufacturers now even began to produce special silver ionizers (it can be made in the form of a fish on a chain, for example). After 2-3 days, the water becomes completely ionized.
Shungite. This is a natural mineral that is able to condition water, make it from drinking tap water. First, carefully wash the stone, then fill it with two liters of water. We leave for 3 days. The resulting water is poured into a clean vessel, and the shungite itself is washed with a hard sponge. Periodically, the stone will need to be replaced with a new one.
Silicon pharmacy. Like shungite, first we thoroughly wash the silicon under warm running water. Then we place the pebble in a container of water, let it be a three-liter jar. We close the neck with gauze and place the vessel in a bright place, but not under direct sunlight. After 3 days, we drain our water into a clean container, also leaving 3 cm of water at the bottom.

DIV_ADBLOCK3">

Let's say a few words about distilled water. Experts say that it is dangerous for humans to regularly quench their thirst with such water. Yes, such water does not contain harmful impurities and pathogens, it tastes similar to bottled water from the store, but it is able to remove vitamins and minerals from our tissues. Therefore, it is better to use distilled water for its intended purpose: in medicine, cosmetology, for technical purposes.

If none of the above methods suits you, we advise you to purchase a simple jug with a replaceable cartridge. It does not require installation (like stationary filters), does not take up much space (it fits even in the smallest kitchen), and does its job perfectly. You just have to change the replacement cartridge in time. And you need to make this replacement at least 1 time in 3-4 weeks. Otherwise, the cartridge itself will turn into a source of danger for the whole family. It will absorb a huge amount of harmful impurities accumulated over a month of work. And the water passing through it will be dirtier and more dangerous than tap water.