• Types of rainwater drainage
• Basic concepts of storm drainage
  • The main purpose of storm sewers
  • Types of storm drainage
  • Features of storm sewer system technology
• Stages of work:

A large amount of moisture in a garden or summer cottage can bring a lot of trouble to its owner. In order to eliminate this problem, you can organize the drainage of rainwater from your site.

Retraction storm water from the walls of a house, bathhouse and other buildings located on the site will prevent damage to the foundation and erosion of the soil. Moreover, it eliminates the possibility of flooding the basement in which the grown crop is stored.

Types of rainwater drainage

There are several types of water drainage from the site:

• reservoir drainage;
• trench drainage;
• linear water collection;
• point water collection;
• storm drainage system.

When constructing reservoir drainage, water is removed, which is directed by streams to the collection point, from each point of the site. That is why such drainage is laid immediately over the entire surface of the site.

The trench drainage system drains water slowly. Trenches can be dug from several sides or from one side of the site. This type of drainage is much simpler than reservoir drainage, as it requires less cost and labor.

When installing a point system, a special slope must be made to ensure the best water intake from the summer cottage.

As for storm sewers, its design requires the use of trays connected to each other by plug-in gratings. In this case, water is drained through pipes into a rain well specially designed for this purpose. Despite the high cost of installing storm drainage systems, it is very popular among owners of suburban areas.

Important! Each type of water drainage has its own pros and cons. In order not to make a mistake with your choice, you need to take into account the amount of annual precipitation, the cost of the device, as well as the strength and durability of each type of outlet.

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Basic concepts of storm drainage

The installation of storm sewers in a private house is the key to a landscaped and comfortable area and protection of the building from flooding. You need to think about installing a storm drain when drawing up a building project. But this does not mean that it is impossible to install a drainage system in an already landscaped garden plot.

It is important to remember that ensuring reliable and timely service is possible only with a competent approach to the design and installation of storm sewers.

Storm drainage, also called “storm drainage,” is a system of pipes and wells designed for collection and subsequent drainage.

The outlet consists of the following elements:

• collection and distribution;
• sand separator;
• special separator for gasoline and oils;
• sorption block;
• well for sampling.

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The main purpose of storm sewers

The main function of such a drainage system is to collect and drain water, melt and rain, from the site using special devices, including:

• rainwater inlet;
• drainage gutters;
• gutters.

In addition to collecting water, such a sewer system purifies it from harmful impurities and sand. This is ensured thanks to special catchers. This is done to ensure that the water entering the sewer system remains clean.

Thanks to storm sewerage, water is drained into a deep drainage system, the installation of which is mandatory on the site. If this is not done, then all the collected water will be discharged outside the site.

In addition to its main functions, the storm sewer system ensures the strength and durability of the entire building. And this is even despite the fact that stormwater is included in the category of surface drainage systems. A large amount of water entering the ground leads to subsidence and mobility of the foundation of the house, which contributes to the formation of cracks and the slow destruction of the entire structure.

If you make the correct calculation of the sewer system, you can significantly reduce the cost of strengthening the foundation of the building, while ensuring the strength of the house as a whole.

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Types of storm drainage

At the design stage and when carrying out storm sewer calculations, it is necessary to take into account a huge number of factors, ranging from the geological conditions of the site and the planned amount of drainage to financial capabilities. The installation of such sewerage must be carried out in accordance with regulatory documents.

Storm drainage is divided into several types. There are different types of sewer systems:

• open;
• closed;
• mixed.

The open system is recognized as the simplest in terms of design and installation. It consists of shallow trays through which water flows from paths, blind areas around the house and open areas. The design of such a system does not imply a connection to the sewer. In addition, it drains water from the site to the lawn and flower beds. To make it, you can use reinforced concrete, polymer concrete or plastic trays, which must be deepened into the ground and then reinforced with cement mortar. Special gratings are placed on top of the gutters, allowing you to use the paths without fear of tripping over them. As a rule, it is surface drainage that is very popular with.

A closed storm drain has more complex design, so its maintenance is costly. This system is intended for large areas located in cities with high building density. Its difference from other systems lies in the presence of underground pipelines through which water is drained through a storm well equipped with a special filter, from where it enters the central sewer.

There are two types of closed storm system:

• gravity;
• forced.

In the latter option, a pump is installed on the drainage well. The installation of deep drainage requires certain knowledge and a significant amount of money.

The design of a mixed type sewer system includes elements of two other systems. Water passes one part of the way through trays and only then enters pipes laid underground, from where its path continues to the sewer. The most common types of such systems are gravity-fed. The only exceptions are low-lying areas, where forced pumping is indispensable. Mixed stormwater is ideal for large areas. It is also used in cases where it is necessary to reduce the cost of draining rainwater from a suburban area.

The most important part of the storm drain is the pipeline, which receives not only rainwater runoff from the surface layer of the site, but also all the melt and rainwater that collects on the roof of the house. Moreover, water from rainwater inlets and irrigation system grates flows into the pipeline.

Damage caused by melt water and heavy precipitation can be prevented by installing surface drainage. This system serves to collect and drain excess precipitation, which often floods the adjacent area, and with it fruit trees (and other plantings), foundations and basements. The article will focus on the surface drainage system.

Advantages of surface drainage

The installation of the system does not require serious financial investments due to the reduction of excavation work. As a result, the likelihood of a violation of the structural strength of the soil, that is, subsidence, is reduced.

• By organizing external drainage linear type The coverage of the territory for the catchment area has been significantly expanded, while the length of the sewerage line has been reduced.

• The system can be installed without disturbing the entire integrity of the existing road surface. Here the insertion is carried out according to the width of the gutters.
• The system is suitable for installation on rocky or unstable soils. And also in those places where it is not possible to carry out deep work (architectural monuments, underground communications).

Types of drainage systems

Drainage systems are part of storm sewers that are used in the improvement of both public and private areas. There are 2 types of systems: linear and point.

• Linear system consists of gutters, a sand trap, and sometimes a rainwater inlet. This design copes well with its task over large areas. When organizing it, earthworks are kept to a minimum. Its installation is necessary in areas with clay soil, or whose slope is more than 3º.

• Point system It is a locally located storm water inlet, connected underground by pipelines. The system is optimal for collecting water coming from roof gutters. Its installation is also advisable in areas with modest areas or when there are any restrictions on the arrangement of linear drainage.

Every system is different efficient work, but combining them is the best option when organizing drainage.

Drainage device for drainage

To organize linear or point drainage, various elements and devices are used, where each component serves its purpose. Their proper combination leads to effective work.

Gutters

Drainage trays are an integral part of the linear system; they serve to collect precipitation and melt water. After which, excess moisture is directed into the sewer or, at least, taken away from the site. Channels are made of concrete, polymer concrete and plastic.

• Plastic products are lightweight and simple installation. Plugs, adapters, fasteners and other elements were developed specifically for this purpose to facilitate the process of assembling and installing the system. Despite the high technical characteristics (strength and frost resistance) of the material used, they are limited by load - up to 25 tons. Such gutters are installed in suburban areas, pedestrian areas, bicycle paths, where high mechanical stress is not expected.

• Concrete trays- undoubtedly strong, durable and affordable. They are able to withstand very heavy loads. Their installation is advisable in places where vehicles pass, for example, on access roads or near garages. Steel or cast iron grates are installed on top. A reliable fastening system does not allow changing the position during operation.
• Polymer concrete channels combine the best properties of plastic and concrete. With a low weight, the products take a significant load and are distinguished by higher physical and technical properties. Accordingly, they also have a decent price. Thanks to the smooth surface of the gutters, sand, sparse leaves, branches and other street debris pass through without difficulty. Proper installation and periodic cleaning guarantee long-term drainage service.

Sand receivers

• This element of the system is responsible for filtering water from sand, soil and other suspended particles. The sand trap is equipped with a basket in which foreign debris is collected. Equipment installed in close proximity to the sewer drain will provide the most efficient operation.
• Sand traps, like trays, must match the type of load. Since this element is in conjunction with other components of the drainage system, it must be made of the same material as the rest of the chain links.

• Its upper part has the same shape as the gutters. It is also closed with a drainage grid, so the sand receptacle is invisible from the outside. Its location level (below the soil freezing depth) can be reduced by installing these elements on top of each other.
• The design of the sand trap provides for the presence of side outlets for connection to underground storm sewer pipes. Outlet taps of standard diameters are located significantly above the bottom, so small particles settle there and remain there.
• The sand receiver can also be made of concrete, polymer concrete and synthetic polymers. The package includes steel, cast iron and plastic gratings. Its selection is made depending on the expected volume of water discharged and the load level in the area of ​​its installation.

Storm water inlets

• Melt and rainwater collected by drainpipes from the roof of the building ends up on the blind area. In these areas, storm water inlets are installed, which are square-shaped containers. Their installation is also advisable in places where it is not possible to install linear surface drainage.

• Since storm water inlets perform the function of a sand trap, they are complemented by a garbage container, which is regularly cleaned, and a siphon, which protects against odorous substances coming from the sewer. They are also equipped with nozzles for connecting to underground drainage pipes.
• Most often they are made from cast iron or durable plastic. The upper part has a grille that absorbs loads, prevents the entry of large debris and performs a decorative function. The grate can be plastic, steel or cast iron.

Drainage grates

• The grate is part of the surface drainage system. She takes over mechanical loads. This is a visible element, so the product is given a decorative look.
• The drainage grid is classified according to operational loads. So, class A or C products are suitable for a personal or suburban area. Plastic, copper or steel gratings are used for these purposes.

• Cast iron products are famous for their durability. Such gratings are used when arranging areas with high traffic load (up to 90 tons). Although cast iron is susceptible to corrosion and requires regular painting, there is simply no alternative to it in terms of strength.
• As for the service life of drainage grates, cast iron products will last at least a quarter of a century, steel ones - about 10 years, plastic grates will have to be replaced after 5 seasons.

Drainage design

The calculation of the system over large areas is carried out according to the hydraulic design, which takes into account the slightest nuances: precipitation intensity, landscape design and much more. Based on it, the length and number of elements of the drainage system are determined.

• For suburban or dacha plots, it is enough to draw a plan of the territory on which the location of the drainage system is marked. Here the number of gutters, connecting elements and other components is calculated.

• The width of the channels is selected depending on the throughput. The optimal width of trays for private construction is considered to be 100 mm. In places with increased drainage, gutters up to 300 mm wide can be used.
• Attention should also be paid to the diameter of the bends. Standard section sewer pipes equals 110 mm. Therefore, if the outlet hole has a different diameter, an adapter must be used.

The rapid outflow of water through the channel will provide a surface with a slope. You can organize the tilt in the following ways:

• use of natural slope;
• by carrying out excavation work, create a surface slope (with minimal differences);
• select trays with different heights, applicable only in small areas;
• purchase channels whose internal surface is sloped. As a rule, such products are made of concrete.

Stages of linear drainage installation

• By means of a stretched string, the boundaries of the drainage system are marked. If the system runs on a concrete site, markings are carried out with sand or chalk.
• Next, the soil is excavated. A jackhammer is used on asphalt areas.
• The width of the trench should be approximately 20 cm larger than the tray (10 cm on each side). The depth for gutters made of lightweight materials is calculated taking into account the sand cushion (10-15 cm). Under the concrete trays, first a layer of crushed stone is laid, and then sand, 10-15 cm each. It is worth noting that the drainage grid after installation should be located 3-4 mm below the surface level. The bottom of the trench can also be filled with thin concrete, but such actions are carried out if vehicle passage is not provided.

• A drainage system is being assembled. Trays are placed in the trench and secured to each other using tongue-and-groove fasteners. Products are often marked with an arrow indicating the direction of water movement. If necessary, the joints are sealed with polymer components.
• Next, a sand trap is installed. The drainage main is connected through fittings to a sand receptacle and sewer pipes.
• The empty space between the gutters and the walls of the trench is filled with crushed stone or previously dug earth and thoroughly compacted. Filling with sand and gravel mortar is also possible.
• The installed channels are covered with protective and decorative grilles. It is worth noting that if plastic trays are used when arranging drainage, then the grate is installed and the space is filled with concrete mixture.

Stages of arrangement of point drainage

• In areas with the greatest accumulation of moisture, a pit is dug out. The width of the pit should be equal to the size of the rainwater container. It is necessary to take into account that the grate should also be slightly below the surface of the earth.

• Soil excavation is also carried out in places where the highway is laid for linear tap or pipes. Here it is important to maintain a slope of approximately 1 cm for each linear meter of the surface.
• The bottom of the pit is compacted and a sand cushion is laid out in a layer of 10-15 cm. A concrete mixture about 20 cm thick is poured on top of it.
• Next, a rainwater inlet is installed, to which drainage trays or sewer pipes are connected.
• Finally, a siphon is installed, a waste bin is inserted and a grill is installed.
• The design of the rainwater inlet allows you to install several containers on top of each other. This makes it possible to deepen the outlet pipe below the freezing point of the soil.

Shallow channels

Rocky soils make it difficult to install standard sized gutters. In this regard, some manufacturers offer products with a shallow installation depth, where the channel height is 95 mm.

• Typically, trays are made of plastic with high physical and technical characteristics. The package includes drainage gratings made of galvanized steel with abrasion-resistant polymer coating.
• Such channels are widely used in areas with small amounts of wastewater. With their help, it will be possible to organize effective surface drainage with minimal excavation work.

Timely installed and well-organized drainage will protect the foundation and green spaces from seasonal flooding and give the landscape a well-groomed appearance. The costs of arrangement will pay off quickly. The system will extend the life of the building, reduce the cost of repairs and additional maintenance. The labor-intensive and costly fight against mold in the basement due to high humidity will be avoided.

An integral part of a private house or cottage is a storm drainage system, which provides an aesthetic appearance to the residential building and the area adjacent to it. It also prevents premature destruction of the foundations of buildings and the roots of plants growing on the site. To an inexperienced person in the field of "water disposal", this moment may seem like a dark forest. In this article we will analyze everything point by point: drainage of surface, storm and melt water from buildings and the site.

To create a storm sewer system, also known as a drainage system surface waters Basic knowledge in construction and data about the territory being developed are required. Storm sewerage is gravity-flow, i.e. is arranged at an angle and includes the following elements:

1. Roof drainage;
2. Drainage drainage system;
3. A sewer or drainage discharge point.

Roof drainage receives precipitation at the roof level, through trays, gutters, funnels and sends it to the surface drainage system.

Design of a surface water drainage system

For design you need to know:

• the average amount of precipitation (both in the form of rain and in the form of snow, melt water), you can find this out in SNiP 2.04.03-85;
• roof area;
• the presence of other communications and facilities in the territory being developed.

For design, it is necessary to decide in which places the drainpipes will be located and how many there will be. A diagram is drawn up that shows the differences in elevation of the surface of the site and the buildings on it. The diagram indicates the location of all storm sewer elements, including pipes, inspection wells and water discharge points. During design, the amount of required materials and their costs are also calculated.

Drainage of water from the roof

The roof drain material is varied: steel, copper, polymer-coated steel, aluminum, etc. Plastic is especially popular. It is economical, resistant to damage, is a sound-insulating material, airtight, and light in weight and installation. To properly design a roof drain you will need:

1. Metal bracket;
2. Hairpin with a special nut;
3. Adjustable mount;
4. Gutter bracket;
5. Tip;
6. Connecting coupling;
7. Knee;
8. Funnel plug;
9. Gutter plug;
10. Corner element;
11. Funnel;
12. Gutter connector;
13. Gutter;
14. Drain pipe.

The quantity and type of each element depends on the perimeter of the roof and the amount of pumped liquid, because too powerful a drainage system is irrational from the point of view of financial costs, and a weak one will not cope with the task. It is necessary to find the best option. The figure shows the required dimensions typical for central Russia.

Installation of a water drainage system from the roof of a house

Installation is carried out after developing the design of the entire drainage system and reading the instructions supplied by the supplier store (each system has its own design features that must be taken into account). General installation sequence and work performed:

1. Installation begins with attaching the bracket from the side of the rafter wall or frontal board, taking into account the slope of the gutters.
2. Then the gutters themselves are laid using special plates and fastened to each other using cold welding or rubber seals. The cold welding method is preferred for joining gutters due to its resistance to deformation.
3. An additional bracket is installed in corner connections and connections with funnels.
4. The pipes are installed, maintaining a distance of 3-4 cm from the wall. The vertical brackets are attached at a distance of 1.5-2 m. The drain itself should be located half a meter from the ground surface.

Tips from the professionals:

• The gutters begin to be laid from the funnel so that the edges of the gutter are below the edge of the roof.
• If you use a pipe to collect gutters from three directions (if the roof has a non-standard shape), it is necessary to provide tees instead of standard funnels.
• The distance between the brackets should be no more than 0.50-0.60 m.
• It is recommended to mark the slope of the gutters in advance. For example, a guideline can be a rope stretched from the starting point to the ending point.
• Plastic ebbs are mounted at a temperature of + 5°, otherwise the material will crack when cutting. Flashings made from other materials can be installed at any ambient temperature.

Construction of a surface water drainage system

Surface water drainage system or surface drainage consists of point drainage systems and linear channels.

Point drainage They are small wells locally connected to roof drainage. The trays are laid below the freezing level of the pipes. The installation of such drainage is similar to the installation of a roof drain. A trench is being prepared (lower than the freezing depth of the pipes, you can find out everything in the same SNiP) at a slope towards the collector. Sand is poured in a layer of 20 cm. Pipes are laid using fittings. If the sealing is maintained, the pipes are backfilled.

Linear channels come in two types - open or closed, equipped with grates or meshes to retain large debris. The gratings should be predominantly made of metal, because... withstand heavy loads (especially in places at the entrance to the garage).

Advice from professionals. To effectively collect surface water, a comprehensive arrangement of storm and point drainage is necessary. In case of heavy precipitation, the bulk of the water will be drained by surface drainage.

You can see what the process of installing a surface water drainage system looks like in the video:

Deep drainage system is provided if the area where the site is located is prone to prolonged rains. Such a system will protect the site from erosion, protect trees from premature death (due to rotting roots), and protect the foundation from the destructive effects of water.

Groundwater drainage system

Groundwater drainage differs from the systems described above in that it is installed at a greater depth and in the case of groundwater close to the surface of the earth, which can flood a basement or underground garage. Drainage is combined with storm water, and storm water pipes are laid higher than the drainage. It is necessary to understand the difference between stormwater and drainage. Storm drainage for drainage of rain, melt water and floods, and deep drainage for drainage of groundwater and possible flooding. Surface and deep drainage are connected using special node connections to accumulate excess water in one place and its subsequent release, recycling or reuse. Drains are installed parallel to each other.

This is important: during heavy rainfall, water passes through in large quantities in a short time. storm sewer. When such a flow of water enters the groundwater drainage system, this water flows from the pipes into the ground, thereby not draining it but flooding it, that is, it begins to perform the opposite function. Therefore, the surface water drainage system should be connected to the groundwater drainage system no earlier than the places where the water drainage and not drainage pipes pass, if you look at the direction of water movement into the systems. The soil is drained at the installation sites perforated pipes. Water is drained through sealed pipes.

According to the method of groundwater extraction, they are divided into: vertical, horizontal and combined drainage. Vertical drainage consists of vertical ribbed wells lowered into the groundwater layer. They are equipped with pumps and filters, respectively, for cleaning and pumping groundwater outside the territory. This scheme is quite complicated both in installation and in operation.

Horizontal drainage consists of perforated pipes laid at the optimal pumping outlet depth in dug ditches lined with crushed stone. Ditches are dug throughout the site in a herringbone pattern.

The installation of drainage, regardless of the type of site, begins with the construction of a drainage well in the farthest part of the site, away from the house. You can use ready-made plastic wells.

Inspection wells are installed at corner connections to facilitate communication maintenance.

The depth of drainage is selected based on its objectives: if the goal is to collect groundwater to protect the basement, then the depth should correspond to the level of the basement floor; if the goal is to drain abundant water that sinks into the ground, the depth corresponds to the depth of the foundation.

The pipes are wrapped with a special material () to prevent sand and gravel from getting into the pipes, with which the pipe is covered with a layer of 20-30 cm. After this, the pipe can be covered with ordinary soil. Unlike vertical drainage, water collected through holes in pipes is discharged by gravity and not by pumps.

Horizontal drainage is more popular than vertical or even combined drainage due to its cost-effectiveness and ease of installation.

You can read more about the design of the groundwater drainage system in the article:

Discharge of collected water

Excess water is removed outside the site, into a ditch or reservoir. If this is not possible, then a well or reservoir is installed within the site, from where the water can be reused.

Advice:

It is recommended to lay drainage in ditches with V-shaped walls with a wall slope of 30◦ in the cross section of the ditch. Width 50 cm. Recommended ditch slope1-3 cm per meter of length. Wells can be equipped from any material that is not subject to corrosion.

Maintenance of drainage systems

Maintenance of the above systems is not difficult if they are properly designed and constructed. Main points in service:

1. Once every ten years, use a pump to thoroughly flush the pipes to prevent deposits on their walls.
2. Regular visual inspection of wells, collectors and cleaning if necessary.

The shelf life of a properly designed, installed, and maintained drainage system is on average fifty years, or even much more.

Tips from the professionals:

1. Be sure to check that the pipes are laid on a slope. The slope should be away from the house.
2. If it is impossible to install a gravity drainage system, a pressure outlet equipped with a pump is installed.
3. Do not forget about optimal design and price = quality.Very often you want more, better, but the budget does not always allow you to realize your plans. That's why It is recommended to design, compare the project with prices, make purchases and install in accordance with the recommendations given here.

Drainage- surface drainage systems for removing storm and melt water from sites, parking lots, industrial terminals, etc. The surface drainage system includes plastic trays, metal and plastic gratings, sand traps, storm water inlets, free-flow pipes, drainage wells, and pumps. Surface drainage integral part utility networks to prevent excess water from entering the soil or collecting and removing from large areas parking lots, roads. The installation of surface drainage has several assembly schemes, each scheme is designed according to the load on the surface of the drainage tray.

The peculiarities of our climate require the use of special solutions for removing melt and rain water from various territories and areas, car parks, industrial terminals, etc. Creating high-quality drainage allows owners of private houses to get rid of many of the troubles associated with flooding of the site. Installing a competent drainage system will prevent the destruction of the foundation of the house and other buildings, asphalt and paved roads, and will protect tree roots from rotting caused by excess water.

Drainage systems most often include trays, rainwater inlets, different sizes and forms of metal or plastic gratings, free-flow pipes, wells and pumps. We can recommend installing drainage systems to all owners of dachas, houses and plots, since in our climate zone there is a large amount of precipitation at different times of the year.

Today it is common to use two types of drainage systems.

Deep (underground) drainage

The main task set before him is to lower the groundwater level. This drainage system is a one-piece system of pipes that are laid in the ground to the required depth. To do this, in those places where it is necessary, they dig a ditch, dig and equip wells and settling tanks. Sand is poured into the ditch before laying the pipes. Inspection wells allow you to monitor the water level and carry out cleaning. Such a system is indispensable in places where groundwater comes close to the surface or if the site is located in a lowland, swampy area.

Surface linear drainage

The linear design is suitable for collecting water in large volumes. For example, from concrete pavement of squares, transport terminals and streets. Such a system should be installed on sloping terrain. Linear drainage requires drainage trays, which, thanks to modern technologies, are produced with excellent characteristics of strength, wear resistance and long service life. Also needed are sand traps that protect drainage channels from clogging with debris and sand, and storm grates made of various materials, made taking into account the expected load. The choice of materials for their manufacture is quite wide: steel, copper, cast iron, stainless steel, etc. The size of the grating and its shape depend on the wishes of the customer.

Point drainage

Point drainage design is used to collect excess water both in the yard and from the roofs of buildings. Stormwater inlets are often made of plastic or cast iron. It is recommended that, if water drainage into a general sewer system is provided, use a polypropylene drain outlet. If the system is located on the roadway, then cast iron is excellent due to its strength and ability to withstand heavy loads.

Surface and underground drainage systems cannot replace each other, as they are designed to perform several different tasks. For example, you should not install an underground system if the site is located on an elevated area, or if groundwater runs deeper than 1.5 meters from the surface of the earth. For maximum efficiency, experts recommend combining these two types. Areas such as terraces, garage entrances and building entrances must be equipped with both types of drainage.

January 18, 2017

How to drain rainwater from the roof of a house?

Correct installation drainage system is the main task of owners of country houses. Absence drain pipes leads to the accumulation of rain and melt water on the roof. A large load can lead to drops of water falling from the roof of the house every quarter of a second. Therefore, in order to avoid such a situation and to preserve the service life of the roof, you need to properly organize the drainage system.

The system of pipes through which water accumulated on the roof of a house after rain is drained and directed into certain tanks is called a drainage system. Its design includes gutters, overflow stops, connecting elements, plugs, holders, funnels, brackets and other similar parts. The complexity of the system depends on the type of roof, the facade of the house and the environment.

System installation process

Before assembling a drainage system for draining and collecting rainwater, it is necessary to analyze the features of the roof. For pitched roof It is enough to fix only funnels, pipes and gutters, since the liquid does not linger on the surface. In case of flat roofs The installation procedure is complicated by the use of an internal drainage device. Planning a drainage system allows you to determine the approximate costs of installation and purchase of parts.

At the next stage, the material and shape of the pipes are selected. Most often, rounded metal gutters are used, which is explained by the presence of good technical characteristics details. It is customary to distinguish pipes:

• Metal, able to withstand sudden temperature fluctuations and characterized by a long service life. A wide range allows you to choose models to match the color of the roof of your house.
• Plastic, which are quite fragile elements. Therefore, in practice, steel components coated with polymer substances are used. Such a solution allows you to organize a reliable, durable, pleasant appearance drain system.

Owners of country houses also have access to gutters:

• trapezoidal, original in its own shape;
• elliptical, capable of holding large volumes of water;
• square, which are the main element for creating an interesting structure design.

System installation process

Installation work begins after the above-mentioned issues have been resolved. A standard work plan for installing a drain consists of:

1. Fixing hooks;
2. Installation of gutters, funnels, pipes;
3. Organization of drainage.

Each process has its own characteristics that must be taken into account for durable and reliable water drainage.

Mounting methods

Important elements are special hooks that secure gutters around the perimeter of the house wall. It is customary to distinguish the following types:

1. Flat, curved brackets that are attached to rafters, sheathing, or wood decking.
2. Frontal models mounted on a wind board. A distinctive characteristic is the presence of an adjustment mechanism.
3. Universal parts that can be used for installation on any surface.

The organization of the drain varies depending on the method of fastening the brackets. The main types of installation according to this criterion include installation of the system to:

• sheathing rafters;
• wind board;
• end board nailed to the top of the flooring.

When creating a system for draining water from the roof of a house, it is important to ensure that the parameters of the hooks and gutters match.

Pipe system

It is recommended to pre-assemble gutters for drainage before installation. Elements 1, 2 or 2.5 m long are connected to each other using an elastic seal. To close the gutter at the edges, plugs are used that do not allow water to spill out of the drain system.

Next, they begin to secure the drainpipes. The parts are fixed to the facade of the building using special holders, which are located under the sockets. The pitch of the fastenings does not exceed 180-200 cm. The organization of the drainage is completed by a drain elbow, which directs the flow of water into the drainage system.

Organization of water drainage

After clarifying the features of the external pipeline system, it is important to determine where to drain water from the roof.
Surface drainage is a set of trenches containing rain trays and covered with special gratings. Such a system allows you to drain rainwater from the roof of the building and the entire territory of the site. It is customary to use special tanks in which liquid from the roof is collected and filtered. Subsequently, the mine water from the roof is used for their own needs (for example, watering the site).

Deep drainage is a widely used method of water disposal. This option involves installing a pipeline system in the ground at a depth of up to 1 m. Water is drained into a pipe surrounded by crushed stone or geotextile.

The vertical drainage system involves the creation of several wells. Often a drainage pump is installed to pump out water.

Owners of country houses have the opportunity to use several drainage options:

1. Using a container. This method involves installing water tanks near the house. You can place the barrel at a distance of 0.5 - 5 m from the ground or bury it in the soil. Practical owners of summer cottages after congestion mineral water in the container they use it for watering.
2. A popular method of draining water is to create an absorption well. At a distance of at least 200 cm from the house, dig a pit and fill it with crushed stone. This basis will serve to create concrete well. Crushed stone and sand will become a natural filter, thanks to which the residents of the house will receive clean water.
3. The runoff water may be discharged into the sewer system. This option is carried out subject to the availability of a connection to the central sewerage system and after obtaining the consent of municipal structures.
4. Another place where rainwater can be drained is a local pond or ditch.

Original alternatives: rain chains

Classic drainage systems can be replaced by installing rain chains. They are tautly attached to the outlet of the gutter, which facilitates the accurate flow of water from the roof into tanks or soil. It is optimal to install rain chains at a distance of 50 cm from the edge of the roof rafters. This practice will reduce the likelihood of contamination of the building facade.

Interesting design solution There will be a connection between the drain and the drainage device. When rainwater enters the pipe, it will immediately be discharged into a nearby container. If the container overflows, excess liquid will drain into the drainage system. In the future, the reservoir will serve as a good well.

In order for the drainage system to serve properly for several years, some recommendations should be followed when installing gutters and pipes. The optimal distance between the brackets is 35-50 cm. When installing hooks, you must adhere to a clear order. The topmost bracket is installed first, and the bottom one is installed second. These elements should be installed at a distance of 10-20 cm from the receiving funnel or gutter connections. This practice will avoid the occurrence of breaks in the system.

Sloping the gutters towards the drain pipe will allow the parts to clean themselves of sediment. These elements should be mounted 2-3 cm below the roof surface so that sliding snow does not cause damage or deformation. For pitched roofs, it is necessary to install special barriers that delay the movement of snow. The outer edges of the gutters should be fixed higher than the inner ones to avoid overflow. Additionally, it is recommended to leave small gaps that will help the parts expand freely at high temperatures. All elements of the surface drainage system should be installed at an angle from the building, which will prevent water from entering the house.

Conclusion

Proper organization of the drainage system will allow you to drain excess water, increase the service life of the roof and protect the foundation of the house from erosion. Original solutions for organizing drainage, a wide range of pipeline elements will allow you to create unique system, which will suit the individual requirements of residents country house.