Comparison of vacuum sewer valves 110 for premises. Air valve for sewerage and its application. What is a sewer air valve

In order to stabilize the pressure in the pipes and prevent the spread of unpleasant odors, a sewer vacuum valve is installed. Actually, it is an alternative to a drain pipe, which is not always possible to install, for example, in such cases as:

the tightness of the roof must not be compromised;
The outlet of waste pipes should not be located near a balcony or window.

An aerator (the so-called ventilation vacuum seal) can be installed in an apartment or house, for example, in a bathroom or toilet. Let's tell you more about this device.

Before we talk about how the air shut-off works check valve vacuum type, consider its structure, it is shown in the figure.

Designations of structural elements:

A – damper;
B – hole for ventilation;
C – upper part of the riser;
D – walls of the device body;
E – air channel;
F – insert.

Now let's move on to the principle of operation of the vacuum lock. When water is drained into the system, a change in pressure occurs. To stabilize it, a cap is opened in the valve through which air enters the system.

When the pressure in the system is equalized, the damper becomes locked, so that no unpleasant odor can enter the room.

An aerator should be installed in the following cases:

when sewer systems are not equipped with waste pipes;
if it is not possible to remove the ventilation pipe through the roof.

The purpose of this type of shut-off valve is to ensure the required level of ventilation inside the system. As a rule, vacuum valves are installed in low-rise buildings (no more than 5-6 floors), otherwise there is a high probability of constipation failure.

What to look for when choosing

There are three factors to consider before purchasing a vacuum type valve:

vacuum seal diameter, valves can be Ø110 mm and Ø50 mm. The first ones are installed on a sewer riser, the second ones - on a corner outlet from it. Please note that the Ø50 mm aerator is designed to equalize pressure when draining water from two devices (no more), for example, a toilet and a sink;

Photo: vacuum valve with diameter 50 and 110 mm

design features. The devices can be equipped with a membrane or a rod, the latter is preferable since their service life is longer;
equipment manufacturer. We recommend purchasing models from well-known brands, for example: Ostendorf, TDI, Ssangyong, EGR, KVE, KVM, KVR, etc.

Video on the topic:

Installation algorithm

Installation of vacuum shut-off valves is carried out according to the following algorithm:

you should select a location for connecting the valve;
it is necessary to check the tightness of the device;
perform the installation.

When choosing an installation location, consider the following tips:

valves should be connected at a higher height than the hose from the plumbing fixture is connected. In this case, stable and reliable operation of the vacuum lock can be guaranteed;
The premises where installation is carried out must have good ventilation. That is, if this is the attic of a private house, it must be ventilated. When the switching point is a bathroom or toilet, they must be equipped with an exhaust hood;
vacuum shut-off valves does not tolerate cooling, therefore, in the room where it is installed, the temperature should not fall below the freezing point of water (0°C). If this rule is not followed, the device is likely to lose functionality or may completely fail;
the valve must be installed vertically. If the pipe is laid horizontally in the selected location, an elbow must be inserted into it. Below is a photo where a similar solution is used.

We consider it necessary to pay attention to the following point: the valve must be installed in such a place that access to it is always provided in case it is necessary to make repairs or manual (forced) start of the device. This is also necessary for preventive maintenance (timely cleaning of the device).

How to check tightness

There are several ways to check the anti-vacuum valve without using special equipment, that is, at home:

it is necessary to fill the valve with air (you can use a bicycle pump for this), after pre-treating the surface of the valve with soap. The bubbles that appear will indicate the place where the seal is broken;
the device filled with air is placed under water, the appearance of air bubbles will indicate a violation of the seal;
pour water into the valve; if it is sealed, it will not flow out of the valve.

As a rule, valves are checked directly by the manufacturer, as evidenced by the entry in the device passport. If you purchase a model from an unknown Chinese manufacturer, then it is better to check the tightness using one of the methods described above.

Installation

After choosing a location and checking for leaks, installation begins. It depends on design features shutter, it can be:

flanged, in this case the connection is made using bolts;
threaded, you will need to cut a thread on the pipe;
bell-shaped, the connection is made using a special rubber cuff. This connection option, although the simplest, provides the necessary reliability.

The installation procedure is as follows:

it is necessary to completely disconnect the house or apartment from the water supply;
prepare the pipe for installation, cut a thread if necessary, or install a special elbow (adapter);
install in the appropriate way;
check the joint for leaks.

We remind you that during operation, the vacuum valve for sewerage must be periodically cleaned, this will significantly extend its service life.

Other types of vacuum shut-off valves

Vacuum valves are used not only in sewer systems; for example, a bellows electromagnetic (electrovacuum) valve provides the release or supply of air in various equipment.

The throttle valve (electric) provides vacuum support in general systems.

In addition, vacuum valves have found wide application in the automotive industry (car brake booster, fuel pump, automatic transmission, etc.) hydraulic system front axle steering, for exhaust gas recirculation (thermal vacuum valve), turbine vacuum modulator, etc.).

The engine of a modern car cannot function without this equipment. Of course, such devices are much more complex than vacuum valves for sewer systems; accordingly, the price for the equipment package is much higher.

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Vacuum valve for sewerage: application, device, installation

In this article I want to tell the reader about a relatively rare element of plumbing equipment. We will find out in what cases a vacuum valve for sewage can be used, where and how it is installed. In addition, we have to study the design of the valve and understand the principle of its operation.

Ventilation of the sewer riser

However, I will have to start with a small lyrical digression. To understand why a sewer vacuum valve is needed, you need to have a good understanding of the processes occurring inside the sewer riser.

Full-time job

All risers are removed by builders beyond the flat or pitched roof. As with any other vertical pipe, a constant draft occurs in the riser. Foul-smelling sewage fumes are drawn outside the home and dispersed into the atmosphere;

The thrust increases in windy weather (Bernoulli's law: static pressure in a moving flow is inversely proportional to its speed) and when warm water is drained into the sewer (heated air rushes upward).

During a volley discharge of water (draining a toilet tank), a flow rushes down the riser, completely or partially blocking its entire cross-section. The flow displaces the air filling the riser into sewer well through the outlet or into the basement through one of the open tees.
A vacuum is formed in the upper part of the riser, which is compensated by air suction through a pipe - a ventilation outlet on the roof.

Below the water front - area high blood pressure, above is the rarefaction region.

Role of Vacuum Valve

Now let's do a little thought experiment - we'll turn off the fan outlet of the riser. What happens when the toilet flushes?

A vacuum will arise in the upper part of the riser;
To compensate for this, air will begin to be sucked in through plumbing fixtures with a minimum height of water seals - washbasins and sinks;
In this case, the water seals will be torn off - part of the water from the siphons will flow into the riser;
The unavoidable draft that arises in the vertical pipe will begin to transport air, along with the accompanying moist fumes and odors, to the bathrooms and kitchens of the apartments on the upper floors.

Now let’s install a vacuum pipe instead of the fan pipe sewer valve- a simple device that allows air to pass in one direction and blocks its movement in the opposite direction.

The picture will change radically:

When draining, air will be sucked into the riser from the atmosphere of the attic or the apartment above the riser through the air intake grille of the valve;
The water seals will remain in place and continue to perform their functions.

Device

The operating principle of a vacuum sewer valve is extremely simple.

If there is excess pressure in the riser, the valve is pressed tightly to the seat and does not allow air to pass through, preventing the attic or apartment from being saturated with waste aromas;

At zero pressure difference it is also closed. The bolt is held in the seat by its own weight.

As soon as a vacuum develops under the valve, the valve will be raised by the pressure difference and open the way for air into the riser.

Disassembled valve. Below in the photo is his shutter.

The valve design imposes a couple of restrictions on its use:

It can only be installed in heated rooms. A drop in temperature below zero will cause vapors to freeze on the valve seat and on the valve itself. The consequences are not difficult to predict;
The valve requires periodic cleaning. Dust settling on the seat will deteriorate its seal over time. If there is a noticeable smell of sewage in the bathroom, the first thing to do is open the valve and wash the seat and the valve itself.

Samples

Let's examine several devices from different manufacturers and try to understand whether any objective characteristics justify the colossal price difference between them.

The Polish analogue of the Russian valve is the Capricorn 110 mm aerator.

As is easy to see, manufacturers do not provide a single characteristic that would explain the five- or even ten-fold difference in prices.

If you carefully study the description on the manufacturers’ websites, you will notice that the valve from Ostendorf is made of polypropylene, while the material of the Russian and Polish valves is polyvinyl chloride. However, the features of polypropylene - greater rigidity and higher melting point - do not provide any advantages in our case.

If the reader is interested in a subjective assessment, I personally did not notice any difference between domestic and imported devices in terms of quality. Minor complaints about the surface of the plastic (burrs that can be easily removed with a knife) can be ignored.

When purchasing, you can not pay attention to the brand and country of manufacture. Cheap valves are in no way inferior to expensive ones.

Installation

Where and how to properly install a vacuum valve on the sewer?

Let me break this question into two parts.

Where

The device is mounted at any point in the upper part of the sewer system as close as possible to the riser. It is desirable that the distance from the riser to the vacuum valve be less than the distance from the riser to any device with a water seal.

This requirement is not always necessary. The valve shutter operating threshold is normally much lower than the water shutter threshold.

In addition, the valve can be installed on a long horizontal sewer branch near the outermost plumbing fixture.

Most often, a vacuum sewer valve is installed directly on the riser, in the socket of the upper outlet of the tee or cross behind the toilet.

How

The only requirement is to ensure complete tightness of the connection between the valve and the socket and all other connections of the comb ( internal sewerage apartments) with plumbing fixtures. Let me make this recommendation a little more specific:

Into the bell plastic pipe(PVC, polypropylene) valve is inserted without additional equipment. Tightness is ensured by the standard o-ring seal of the socket. In order to simplify installation, it can be lubricated with liquid soap;
For a cast iron pipe you will have to purchase a rubber cuff - an adapter. When using it, the installation instructions are a little more complicated:

Connections of plumbing fittings (elbows and corrugated siphons of washbasins, sinks and bathtubs) are made with mandatory sealing with rubber cuffs.

Valve or drain pipe

Now let's decide whether a vacuum valve can completely replace a drain pipe. We will also break this question into two:

Is it possible to equip the sewerage system in a private house with a valve instead?
Is it possible to dismantle the sewer riser on the top floor of an apartment building above the cross or tee with your own hands and install a vent valve instead?

A private house

Installing a valve instead of ventilation is possible, but not advisable. Why?

There is no escape from the draft created in the risers. The slightest violation of the tightness of the sewer - and the smells of sewage will begin to saturate the kitchen and bathroom. When ventilation is running, any gap between the plumbing fittings and the pipe socket will, on the contrary, draw air out of the corresponding rooms;

When connected to a central sewer, the drain pipe facilitates ventilation of the manhole through the outlet. In particular, the methane content drops under the lid. The argument is not far-fetched: every year several people die from suffocation in a well;
If you use a septic tank, its ventilation through the septic pipe will promote the activation of aerobic bacteria and, therefore, better processing of wastewater with a reduction in solid sediment and odors.

Apartment house

I strongly do not recommend disassembling the riser outlet onto the roof. Even with replacing the drain pipe with a vacuum valve. You see, the benefit from such a solution will only be the opportunity to make the cabinet above the toilet a little more spacious; but the righteous anger of the neighbors below, the housing organization and representatives of the municipality will fall on your head.

Replacing the vent riser with a valve is a bad idea.

The mechanism in brief is:

After dismantling the drain pipe and installing the valve, the ventilation of the riser will stop, but the draft in it will not go away. Meanwhile, the connections between washbasins and combs in most apartments are leaky. The sudden appearance of amber will arouse the interest of residents on the floors below you and a bunch of complaints to the housing office or management company;
When a mechanic comes to a call, the first thing he does is inspect the outlet of the vent pipe to the roof. After making sure that it is missing or cut off at the attic level, he will pay a visit to the top floor - to you;
Based on the results of the inspection of the riser, an act will be drawn up on the unauthorized reconstruction of utilities, affecting the interests of other residents;
The consequence will be an order to restore the original configuration of the riser with the possible imposition of an administrative penalty.

Today, almost every living space is installed modern system sewerage system, which allows people to live in comfortable conditions, namely, to use a shower, toilet, sink, and so on in the house.

The valve for the sewer riser serves to connect all sanitary rooms in the building and remove household waste beyond its limits.

Quite often there are situations when the sewer system malfunctions, which most often happens due to a clogged riser.

These consequences can be very serious and cause a lot of trouble for residents.

In order to avoid the occurrence of these very consequences, in fact, a sewer ventilation valve is used, which can also be called an aerator or air valve.

Valves for sewer riser

An air or sewer valve is a device that supplies air to the sewer system and ensures that air does not escape back.

This point is extremely important, especially when operating an automatic washing machine, which releases water into the sewer under strong pressure, forming a strong vacuum.

Features of the structure and operation of the air valve

In fact, the valve is a fairly simple device that consists of the following elements:

Air valve diagram

a housing that has a special hole on the side that allows air flow to start;
this very hole is equipped with a membrane or rod made of rubber. The membrane ensures that the hole is closed or opened;
rubber gasket, which provides tightness during air flow adjustment;
the rod is a cover that serves as protection. Through this cover you can observe the mechanism of the valve;
a seat that serves as a fixation on the pipe.

The sewer aerator has the same simple principle of operation. It is worth saying that, despite the simplicity of this device, it is very effective.

So, the functioning of the device can be described as follows:

Operating principle of the aerator

the valve is in a closed state when the pressure in the riser pipe is equal to or slightly higher than atmospheric pressure;
if you flush the toilet or pour a bucket of water into the sink, a sharp pressure surge will occur in the pipe;
at this moment the membrane or rod clears the passage in the side hole of the valve;
it is through it that air flows into the system until equality of pressure is achieved between inside and outside the pipe;
After this, the valve returns to the closed state.

The fan valve is significantly different in both structure and operation from ventilation valves.

Such a valve is installed directly inside the sewer system.

By itself, it is a cylinder with a diameter of 110 mm, equipped with a special lid.

On the inside of the lid there is a spring made of stainless material.

This spring helps close the valve after waste has passed through its cylinder.

In other words, this cover itself is a protective element that prevents the backflow of fecal matter and wastewater.

In addition, the vent valve provides protection for the sewer system:

from the penetration of rodents and the ingress of various mechanical impurities;
from returning wastewater back to the sink, toilet and other plumbing fixtures.

Sewer valves

The vent valve is a very important part of the sewer system, which will not only protect against sewage returning to the plumbing fixtures, but also against the entry of unpleasant odors into the room.

Classification of aerobic valves

There are several types of sewer air valves, most often they are divided according to their dimensional characteristics. This is very important, because depending on where the valve is installed, you should select the appropriate size.

Two types are most often used:

Main advantages of using an air valve

It is worth saying that this device does not represent required element sewer system, and until recently there was not even appropriate documentation that would regulate its installation.

However, today such documentation is available, because the valve provides a lot of advantages, among which it is worth mentioning:

Aerator installation features

The ventilation valve for sewerage can be installed both in an apartment and in a private house.

An unpleasant odor emanating from the sewer is a fairly common occurrence in our houses and apartments. Therefore, it is important to know that there is an easy way to improve its performance without resorting to major repairs.

A vacuum valve for sewerage (or as it is also called an air valve, aerator, ventilation duct, vent valve) allows you to improve the system, and in some cases even abandon the construction of a vent ventilation riser.

In our material we will talk about the design and purpose of the aerator, as well as how to independently install it in the sewer system.

Irregularities in the sewer system can be identified by characteristic signs.

These are:

presence of extraneous sounds;
spread of unpleasant odors.

In houses with a long-established sewer network, it is necessary to first check all elements of the network for damage. Deviations in the operation of the new system may indicate that it was installed incorrectly.

If during the inspection it was possible to exclude causes of possible damage such as cracks in pipelines, or ventilation ducts, incorrect pipe slope, then the cause of the problems is most likely insufficient air flow. In this case, installing a vacuum valve will help troubleshoot the system.

There can be several reasons for improper operation of the sewer system: blockage in the pipes, violations of installation rules, blocking of the ventilation (fan riser) by residents on the upper floors. Sometimes the source of trouble can only be identified by a specialist

Operating principle and purpose of a vacuum valve

During hours of maximum drainage and when large amounts of water are drained, an air vacuum can be created in the sewer system and water is sucked out, and odors, harmful gases and vapors enter the room.

A vacuum valve is installed to compensate for pressure in the sewerage system. It prevents water from being sucked out and odor from entering from siphons.

This happens as follows. The vacuum valve starts to operate when the pressure drops in sewer network. When a large volume of waste liquid is drained (for example, when using a toilet or several plumbing fixtures), the pressure in the system dilutes and the valve membrane automatically opens, allowing air inside the pipeline until the pressure equalizes.

Image gallery

At the beginning of the work, the installation location of the valve is determined, taking into account the installation rules and its accessibility for further maintenance.

The water supply in the house is turned off.
If the installation is carried out on a previously installed pipeline, then a tie-in is made and a special adapter is installed.

Most aerator models have a bell-type connection.

The assembly of such connections is carried out in the following sequence:

The outer surface of the smooth part and the surface inside the socket are cleaned of dust.
Wipe the sealing ring from possible contamination and place it in the socket groove.
The surfaces that come into contact during connection are lubricated to reduce friction. To do this, use a silicone-based sealant or soap solution, glycerin.
Place the smooth end of the valve into the socket up to the mark. The quality of the connection is checked by rotating the parts relative to each other, followed by returning to their original position.

If necessary, the area with the connected vacuum valve is secured with a clamp. Upon completion of work, it is necessary to check the joints for leaks.

In order for the communication system for draining wastewater from the house to work fully and make the life of household members more comfortable, it is worth seriously thinking not only about purchasing all the components for it of reliable quality, but also about designing a ventilation system. Otherwise, unpleasant characteristic odors will overcome both all permanent residents of the cottage and temporary guests. And in order to avoid such incidents, you need to install either a special sewer riser or a sewer aerator in your house.

What is such a mechanism, why is it needed and how it works correctly, as well as a lot of interesting information about the aeration system in the house in our material below.

Aerator is

An aerator is a specially designed and manufactured vacuum device designed to eliminate gases formed in the manifold and neutralize characteristic odors by stabilizing the pressure in the manifold. Most often, such a device is known as a vacuum valve or air valve for sewerage.

As a rule, previously, home owners were limited to connecting the ventilation riser to the roof of the house. However, the problem of having an unpleasant odor in the room remained. The gases also invariably hovered within the sanitary rooms, evaporating from the openings of the siphons. In the end, a solution to the problem was found: vacuum aerators for sewerage.

The advantages of such a device are:

Preventing unpleasant odors from entering the home;
Preventing possible rodents from entering the house through the drainage system;
Clear savings in pipeline length and, as a consequence, savings in consumables for collector installation;
There is no need to route the ventilation riser to the roof or attic in accordance with SNiP;
Easy installation and maintenance.

Operation of the vacuum device

The principle of operation of the aerator is to stabilize the pressure in the ventilation system. So, at the moment of accumulation of gases in the sewer, the pressure in the pipeline decreases, moving these same gases through the pipeline. In this case, the gas itself will be the primary source of the pungent odor.

At the moment of threat of gas release, the element mechanism is activated as follows:

Creates a damper to prevent gas from entering the room;
The gas (smell) goes further down the pipe;
As a result, the pressure stabilizes and the valve removes the damper, continuing to provide oxygen access to the wastewater communication. Thus, the sewer aerator also serves as a pressure stabilizer in the sewer pipeline.

Types of devices

Depending on the installation location, the design of the sewer valve may vary. So, there are two main types of sewerage components:

Vacuum valve. It is installed in small plumbing fixtures (sinks, sinks, bathtubs, etc.) and has a diameter of 50 mm. The design of the vacuum mechanism has a special ball that plays the role of locking device. The ball acts on the membrane in the device at the moment when the pressure in the sewerage system drops. The vacuum aerator requires constant availability fresh air in communication. The installation of a 50 mm sewer valve is also intended for installation on long horizontal sections of the collector. The 50 mm device allows you to compensate for the discharged pressure in the manifold.
The cylindrical air element is designed for installation on a sewer drain pipe. Moreover, the diameter of such a device must be at least 110 mm. Such an aerator is activated under the influence of water flow in the communications. The main working unit of the cylindrical mechanism is a spring, which drives it when the pressure in the pipeline drops, as a result of which the amber does not reach the living rooms. The cylindrical aerator is convenient because it is mounted directly into the pipe without changing its parameters. In addition, an air damper with a diameter of 110 mm is relevant for installation on auxiliary risers in the sewerage system.

Places for mounting the element

The vacuum valve is designed for installation in plumbing points in the house. Thus, installation of the device can be carried out depending on the communication needs and the area of the house at the following points:

Sewage pipe;
Toilet drainage areas;
Sinks, sinks, shower drains, etc.

Important: installation of the aerator-sewage system must be carried out strictly in accordance with the arrow pointer on it. So, the arrow should simulate the movement of water in the waste pipeline, as a result of which the aerator will work properly.

Vacuum Valve Installation: Basic Rules

An air element with a diameter of both 110 mm and 50 mm can be installed independently on plumbing fixtures and drain pipes. But to perform the work correctly, you need to follow certain rules.

Here are the main ones:

The air valve should be installed in the narrowest point of the pipeline;
It is strictly prohibited to increase the internal diameter of the ventilation riser;
A mechanism with a diameter of 50 mm must be installed only after connecting all plumbing points;
The cylindrical vacuum valve must be mounted in the most high point collector regarding the location of all plumbing fixtures;

If there is a drain in the sewer, then you need to place the aerator at a height of at least 35 cm from the floor. Otherwise, wastewater will get into the device during a one-time volley discharge;
The device with a diameter of 110 mm must be installed indoors only. Taking him outside is prohibited.
Installation of a sewer element is allowed in a house with up to 3 floors;
All models of vacuum components are mounted only in a vertical position.

There are a number of prohibitions for installing an aerator. They look like this:

It is prohibited to install a vacuum sewer valve in a house with more than 3 storeys;
If the collector has a design that allows debris to enter the system;
If there is a risk, install the mechanism horizontally or at an angle.

Important: here it is worth knowing that if the drain inlet pipe and the manifold socket are swapped, the valve will not work.

Installation: work diagram

The installation of a ventilation air device for sewage is carried out according to the following principle:

First, the water in the system is completely shut off;
After this, using standard calculations in accordance with SNiP rules, locations for installing damper elements are marked;
A pipe is cut out at the designated locations and a vacuum protective barrier is installed at this location.

The operation of the mounted device is checked by turning on the water supply system and volleying water into the collector (draining the toilet tank, etc.).

To ensure that the installation of the aerator is successful, listen to some tips:

Before installing odor protection for the sewer system, note for yourself the ease of access to the installation site;
The temperature for installing the valve must be no lower than +5 degrees;
Reliable adhesion of the device to the pipe is made using a socket and a dense rubber ring.

vodakanazer.ru

Electricity, gas, water supply and sewerage are the necessary minimum communications in a modern home. Accustomed to the numerous benefits of civilization, the current inhabitants of the metropolis strive to improve the existing amenities. Therefore, the unpleasant smell from sewer pipes and sometimes frightening “squelching” sounds from the same do not cause enthusiasm among homeowners. Installing an air valve on the sewer will help get rid of them. This is exactly what the article will discuss.

DIY air valve for sewerage
- Aerator installation
Prices and manufacturers

What is a sewer air valve

An aerator (and this is what it would be more correct to call an air or vacuum valve for a sewer) is a device designed to solve one of the most unpleasant problems in an apartment or private house: a difficult odor that no air freshener can cope with. This is not surprising, because the reason lies in improper installation of the sewer pipe system. Because of this, gases accumulate in it and pressure drops occur. Installing an aerator can also eliminate strange sounds that pipes make.

Why is this happening? In multi-storey buildings, the standard solution is still to connect the riser to the roof of the building. This is a simple and proven method of ventilation. However, quite often the system turns out to be unable to cope with its task and unpleasant odors, instead of leaving outside, return to the living room. But it is much worse if fetid streams begin to pour out of the siphons. Moral damage alone will not solve this problem.

The purpose of an air valve installed in an internal sewer is to create a barrier and not let gases and odors back into the apartment. It automatically blocks the system when the pressure in it increases. When it subsides, the barrier is also automatically removed. That is, the device reacts to violent processes inside the pipes. As a result, dirty wastewater and unwanted aroma are completely absent from the apartment.

The operating principle of the air valve can be described as follows:

when water is drained from the apartment, it goes into common system. At the same time, the pressure in it becomes less than atmospheric;
such a difference does not go unnoticed by the device, and the air valve opens slightly. At the same time, air enters through the side opening;
When a sufficient amount of air enters the system, the pressure in it will be equal to atmospheric pressure. Then the valve stem returns to its place.

The design of aerators is the same in all cases, despite differences in the mechanism of operation or fastening:

frame. It is made from hard polymers; special requirements are placed on its tightness. The top cover is removable, with a reliable threaded connection. This is necessary for external visual inspection of the device and its cleaning. For a tight fit there must be a rubber gasket;
air inlet;
opening mechanism- closing the valve. This may be a rod or a single-acting membrane. The second is considered more reliable, since it cannot be jammed by debris that inevitably gets into the system.

Types of air valves for sewerage

According to the operating principle, the valves in the device can be of three types:

auto. These are installed mainly in small private buildings. It simply cannot cope with heavy loads. Its design will not withstand strong water pressure and a significant volume of air;

kinetic. Sometimes it can be found under the name “anti-vacuum”. It can only work at low pressures. Such a valve prevents the accumulation of air in large volumes when draining occurs and the system is filled with water;
combined. It is a device that combines the capabilities of both types described above.

Since the pipeline can be mounted vertically or horizontally, each of them will require different kinds aerators. When choosing them for installation, such a nuance as the diameter of the pipes should be taken into account. The following types of valves are commercially available:

receiving aerator. Its diameter is 20 cm, and the device itself is equipped with a filter that captures solid particles from the water and does not allow them to pass further into the system. This type of valve is mounted in front of the pump of a horizontal pipeline;
ball model. Installed on horizontally running pipes of small diameter. These are mainly drainage systems from plumbing fixtures. The aerator got its name because it uses a ball element as a shutter, and a spring provides clamping force;
wafer model more compact and lighter. It can be installed both horizontally and vertical pipeline. It can be through (when the flow of water passing through it does not change its direction) and angular (the flow of the working medium passed through the valve changes its course by 90 °). Disc spring modifications come in diameters from one and a half to 20 cm. Their operation is similar to ball aerators, but the shutter is a plate. Bivalve variations are produced with a diameter of 5 - 70 cm;

check air valve for sewerage (petal or rotary). The spool serves as a locking element. It then slams shut if necessary, when the pressure in the system drops.
Large-diameter valves in such a device have one drawback: they quickly break due to the fact that the spool hits the seat very hard. And as a result, when such a damaged valve is activated during further operation, a water hammer occurs. The solution for valves of large diameters is the use of a shock absorber. Reverse aerators are divided into simple (with a diameter of less than 400 mm) and non-impact ones, equipped with a damper. The first ones are installed in systems that are not afraid of possible water hammer.

There is also a classification according to the method of fastening:

welding method. It is used in the presence of particularly aggressive environments; it is not used in apartments and private residential buildings;
coupling fastening designed for small diameter pipes. The check valve in this case is attached using a threaded coupling;
Already mentioned wafer connection type, when the fastening element on the valve itself is missing. In this case, it is clamped between flanges in the pipeline. Due to its compactness, it is advisable to use such an aerator in small areas of the sewer system;
mounting via flanges using a seal.

DIY air valve for sewerage

You can install the air valve yourself, but if there is even the slightest doubt, it is better to rely on the experience of professionals and invite a specialist. general requirements The following rules can be listed for installation.

Aerators must not be installed in rooms that do not have constant heating. Air temperature below zero degrees is a good reason to refuse installation.
The device must not be placed in such a place that it would be inconvenient or impossible to access later. During its operation, preventive inspections will have to be carried out more than once.

If the installation is carried out in a room equipped with a floor grill, the air valve must be installed at a height of more than 35 cm from the base level.
To install an automatic aerator, the system will need to determine the point of highest flow into the common riser. The valve is installed at a height exceeding 10 cm from this point.
The valve of the device must be located directly in the socket of the straight section using an O-ring. The vertical arrangement in the system will ensure its efficient operation.
The minimum distances specified in the rules make it possible to prevent a situation where waste and fecal matter washed into the system clog the aerator.

Possible installation locations for the air valve

Aerators with a modern design can be installed in both the toilet and the bathroom. They can be easily installed in a vertical riser of a sewerage system (with an exit in the attic).
Simple devices are placed on the sink, washbasin or bathtub. If we are talking about a fan pipe, then it is better to purchase a cylindrical aerator with a lid.

Air valves for sewerage 50 mm rarefy the air in horizontal parts of the sewerage system (bathtubs, kitchen sinks and sinks). They will definitely have to be installed if the length of the pipes is large enough or there is a transition from one pipe diameter to another. Maintaining an inclination when installing the drainage system will facilitate the natural elimination of dirty water and prevent the accumulation of liquid, and therefore an unpleasant odor.
Air valves for sewerage 110 mm are primarily intended for drainage pipes. As an option, it is possible to install the device on an auxiliary riser, if we are talking about a house where two families live. But at the same time, a mandatory condition remains to bring at least one of them to the roof of the building.
Regardless of the installation location, the aerator must not be installed into the system at an angle or in a horizontal position.

How to choose the right air valve

In addition to focusing on the horizontal and vertical arrangement of the sewage system, nominal pressure, installation dimensions and method of fastening, when choosing an aerator, a number of other nuances must be taken into account.

Material. All elements of the device must be made of durable materials that can withstand aggressive environment sewer system and other destructive factors.

It is important that in the event of a mechanism failure, it is possible to adjust its operation manually.
Only a reliable valve, which is the basis of the entire structure, can provide adequate protection against unpleasant odors and backflow of contaminated water.
Since aerators can serve as an excellent passage for rodents from sewers into living spaces, properly designed models provide protection for this case.

Aerator installation

Before starting work, you must make sure that the flow of water throughout the riser is shut off. The required part of the pipe is dismantled, and an aerator is installed in its place. The instructions included with it describe the entire process in sufficient detail. If the pipe is located horizontally, then during installation it is important to check the direction of water flow with the indicator on the device. The inlet pipe and socket must not be swapped, otherwise the valve simply will not operate.

Scheme for installing an air valve on a sewer

Aerators for waste pipes allow their installation without compromising the integrity and length of the system. Most often this is a design with a lid in the shape of a cylinder with a diameter of 110 mm. When the lid is exposed to water pressure, it will open. Reducing the pressure will cause closing (this will be ensured by a spring). And no matter how strong the pressure of the drain water flowing in the opposite direction, it will not pass into the room.

Prices and manufacturers

Aerators are positioned by sellers not just as effective and necessary devices (this is easy to see by reading the above), but also as affordable mechanisms. But their cost varies greatly depending on the manufacturer and some design features. For comparison, some prices are combined in the table below.

Diameter	Price, rub.)	Brand / country of origin	Notes
110	150	Politek /Russia
110	1300 — 1240	McAlpine / UK	The price range is indicated depending on the throughput of the aerator (from 29.2 l/sec. to 19.4 l/sec.)
110	365	SINICON / Russia
75/100	2350	Maxi - Vent / European association Wavin Ecoplastic
32/50	1580	Mini - Vent / European association Wavin Ecoplastic
50	2380 - 620	McAlpine / UK	The price range is indicated according to the valve capacity (from 8.9 l/sec. to 3 l/sec.)
50	90	SINICON / Russia
40	520 - 400	McAlpine / UK	The price varies depending on the throughput of the device (from 3 l/sec. to 1 l/sec.)

As you can easily see, Russian analogues are cheaper, but the last word will always remain with the consumer.

strport.ru

About the need to use a valve

After water is flushed down the drain, it interacts with the air inside the pipe, creating a pressure difference. Draining large volumes of water with insufficient air supply, which equalizes the pressure, leads to the formation of an area of rarefied pressure. In the absence of ventilation, air is sucked into the pipe, thereby creating negative pressure.

Due to this phenomenon, water from the weakest water seal is sucked into the drain pipe. This is the so-called “hydraulic seal failure”. And the pressure in the pipe is compared with atmospheric pressure only when air enters the valve. And this happens through the path of least resistance - the siphon. When air is drawn in, water is drawn out at the same time, thereby destroying the water seal device.

As soon as the water leaves the siphon, odors from the sewer begin to flow freely into the room. Such gases can not only be unpleasant, but also harmful and toxic. Often they contain only methane, but along with it spores, bacteria, and fungi can enter the apartment.

To prevent such incidents, the common riser is discharged to the roof. At the same time, he may not cope with his task, for example in winter time or being installed incorrectly. To eliminate this possibility, a special device was developed that would equalize the pressure in the sewer system, namely a vacuum valve.

Why do you need a sewer vacuum valve (video)

Types of valves

According to their purpose, valves can be divided into 2 categories: a check valve for sewerage and a ventilation sewer valve.

According to the laws of physics, water always moves along the path of least resistance. Even with a small blockage there is a possibility that the direction of the water will change. This flow can, rising through the riser, gush from various plumbing products - toilet, sink. All this is fraught with flooding of the premises and problems with neighbors. Installing a check valve will help prevent this, as well as the possible penetration of rodents through the drain riser. For the manufacture of such devices, a variety of materials can be used: plastic, cast iron, bronze, stainless steel and others.

In turn, check valves are divided into 4 categories:

Wafer. They are light in weight and small in size. In such devices, flanges are not installed for connection to the pipeline. If problems are detected, you will have to replace not only the product itself, but also the sewer section;
rotary, otherwise - petal. The membrane is played by a flap or spool operated by a lever. There are simple and unstressed ones. The difference between impactless and simple ones is that after passing water, the spool smoothly returns to its place. In simple cases, it is possible to disable the entire system;
ball They are used in pipes of small diameter and with a riser of less than 110 mm. The metal ball acts as a membrane, and the spring acts as a lever. The most common type of valve, which was due to ease of dismantling. To do this, just unscrew 2 bolts;
lifting Such products are installed in areas where regular repair work is difficult. The valve can be dismantled and repaired without disassembling the pipes. A significant disadvantage is rapid contamination.

The vacuum sewer valve prevents the appearance of odors from the sewer pipe and also eliminates the noise of the sewer system. There are 3 main types of such devices:

automatic vacuum. It is used mainly in the construction of private houses or installed on individual elements of the system. Works to release air from the system;
anti-vacuum Can ventilate a large number of sewer pipes. Can both let in and let out air;
combined vacuum. It has all the best technological features of the two previous types.

Design and principle of operation

The design of the vacuum valve for sewerage is very simple and has a small number of elements. Due to this, dismantling and disassembly does not cause significant problems.

plastic case with a special hole on the side that allows air to pass through;
a rod that opens and closes the side hole;
rubber membrane;
sealed rubber gasket;
a cover that protects the rod from external influences.

The vacuum valve comes in mainly 2 types of sizes – 110 mm and 50 mm. The principle of its operation is to open a side hole to allow air to enter the system when negative pressure occurs. Once the pressure is balanced, gravity forces the rod to automatically close. With neutral or positive pressure, the system will always be closed, thereby preventing air from escaping from the sewer into the room.

Conditions for using the valve

An air valve for sewerage must, first of all, ensure the tightness of the system, provided low pressure. Installation of an additional valve is not required for a building less than 3 floors high. The diameter of the riser must exceed the maximum diameter of the horizontal drain pipe. Accordingly, when using a standard 110 mm valve, it must be larger than the drain.

Since the valve can be used when it is impossible to bring the system to the roof, it must have a certain power reserve that allows it to operate in short-term systems. The throughput of such a device is 32-47 l/sec. The negative pressure is 250 Pa.

When installed in multi-story buildings, you need to take into account all prescribed norms and standards. For example, the valve capacity must be at least 5 times the riser capacity. In buildings above 4 floors, special rules for installing ventilation systems are followed.

The use of valves in sewer systems is strictly regulated by industry standards. At design work construction of a new building, or modernization of an existing one, it is necessary to take into account the relationship of such indicators as throughput and water absorption capacity. The volume of discharge into the pipe also directly depends on the throughput capacity.

Installation rules

The 110 mm valve can be installed horizontally, vertically or in the attic. When installing the product in an unheated attic, you should first insulate the riser.

To prevent the entry of dirt or moisture, which could disrupt the weak tightness of the structure, the valve should be installed at a height of no less than 300 mm from the upper gravity pipe. The distance to the nearest siphon should not exceed 200 mm. When installing a valve in a toilet or bathroom, it is recommended to check the possibility of air access to these rooms.

In the room where the valve is installed, the air temperature should not be below 0º. Freezing of the rod significantly affects the efficiency of the entire system. After installation is completed, it is necessary to check the complete tightness of the system elements.

trubypro.ru

Why do you need a vacuum valve?

Many inexperienced craftsmen doubt why a sewer vacuum valve is needed at all, since every plumbing fixture is equipped with a water seal that does not allow any odors to pass through?

In fact, the mechanism of operation of the system is more complex than it might seem at first glance:

When flushing a large amount of water into the toilet, a vacuum occurs inside the system. As a result, water is sucked out of the water seals. Even though the suction is partial, it is enough to create an unpleasant sewer smell in the room.
The system regularly enters hot water, causing vapors to rise upward.

If there is ventilation in the house, but it is simply clogged, then it can be cleaned. Of course, it is quite difficult to cope with this task yourself, but a specialist will be able to quickly solve the problem.

If there is no ventilation in the house, and it is technically expensive or difficult to build, then the way out of this situation is to install a vacuum valve. It must be said that a special need for this device arises if an automatic washing machine, which discharges water into the system under pressure. Sometimes there are even cases when, after connecting the machine, it becomes necessary to install a second, additional valve.

Valve design and installation

The operating principle of a vacuum sewer valve is quite simple. When the drains move along the riser, thereby creating a vacuum, the shut-off element of the valve opens, resulting in air leakage. When the pressure in the system is equalized, the spring returns the valve to its place, as a result of which further movement of gases becomes impossible, and therefore unpleasant odors do not penetrate into the room.

The standard vacuum sewer valve has a plastic body. The main design element is a rod that lifts the side outlet. When the pressure in the system decreases, the rod moves down, causing the hole to close.

To prevent the rod from rising higher than necessary, a rubber gasket is located above it. It must be said that there are designs in which a rubber membrane is used instead of a rod. Their disadvantage is the rapid wear of the membrane, as a result of which it must be changed regularly.

Advice!
The price of vacuum valves with a diaphragm is slightly lower than devices with a rod, however, it is not advisable to purchase them due to their rapid failure.

It should be noted that there are two types of vacuum valves:

Note!
The first valve can only be used for a few plumbing fixtures, for example, a sink and toilet.

The appearance of the devices may vary, and there may also be minor technical differences, however, the operating principle and diameter of sewer aerators remains the same.

Installation features

Now let's look at how to properly install a vacuum valve on the sewer. To perform this operation, it is not necessary to invite a specialist, since every home craftsman can cope with it. However, you must first familiarize yourself with a number of nuances of this operation.

Often, the vacuum sewer valve causes misunderstanding among consumers. As a result, many home craftsmen dismantle the upper part of the risers, which rises above the roof, and install this device instead. This should not be done, since the valve does not fully replace sewer ventilation, unless it is clogged with foreign objects and debris.

Note!
This device allowed to be installed in apartment buildings, however, not higher than the 6th floor.
The fact is that there is a possibility of strong vacuum, which can occur as a result of the simultaneous release of sewage from two toilets.
The valve may not be able to withstand such a load.

In addition, when installing the device, the following rules must be observed:

The valve can only be installed in rooms where the air temperature does not fall below zero degrees Celsius. The fact is that the unit will not function in cold weather. Therefore, it is usually installed in toilets or heated attics.
If there is a drain in the floor, then the valve should be located 30-35 cm above the floor level.
If there is no drain, the aerator should be located 10 cm below the highest sewer outlet.
If the valve is installed in a box or niche, it is necessary to ensure free air flow to the sky. Otherwise, the device will not work as expected.

Note!
From time to time, the vacuum valve requires maintenance - replacement of rubber gaskets.

As for the installation itself, the instructions are extremely simple - the product is inserted into the free end sewer pipe or into a special socket. Of course, the connection must be tight, so rubber cuffs should be used.

Of course, the decision to install the device should be made by a specialist who has an understanding of the operating features of the sewer system at the site. However, in any case, installing it will not be superfluous and will not harm the operation of the system.

Conclusion

In some cases, a vacuum valve is the only means that can prevent regular breakdowns of the water seal, accompanied by the spread of an unpleasant odor in the room. You can do the installation work yourself, the only thing is that you must follow the above rules. The result of this operation will be trouble-free operation of the sewer system.

You can get more information on this topic from the video in this article.

hydroguru.com

An internal sewer aerator primarily works as a check valve, preventing liquids and gases from reaching the drain point. When using the toilet, a sudden flush of water lowers the pressure in the system, and without the valve, the liquid may return at a higher speed than it was drained. When the pressure drops in the sewer pipe, sewer valve 110 opens and equalizes the indicator.

The principle diagram of the operation of air valves is shown in the figure. All devices include:

frame;
air intake;
pressure regulation mechanism.

The housing is sealed, with a removable lid. The connection must be threaded. There is a rubber seal between the parts.

The inlet should allow air to pass through, but not insects and rodents. The damper opening mechanism is rod or membrane. The membrane clogs less often.

An aerator for a septic tank is used to supply air to bacteria that decompose sewage. You can make it yourself, remove the pipe from the septic tank like a riser, and plug it at the top. Weld an inlet on the side for forced air injection.

Types of air valves

The sewerage layout is multi-level and has vertical and horizontal sections. The diameter of the pipes, maintained slopes and flow rate determine which aerators for sewerage are most effective. There is a system of aerators, each of which has a specification:

the receiving aerator is mounted in front of the pumping pump on a horizontal section of the pipeline;
ball model of an aerator for plumbing fixtures with small pipe diameters;
ball valve with pressure spring;
The wafer model is installed on pipes with a diameter of up to 20 cm, can pass the flow or rotate by 90.

Wafer models can be disk spring or double-leaf. The actuator is a plate with a spring.

Non-return air valve with flapper or rotary type actuator. This type of septic tank aerator is installed on pipes with a diameter of less than 400 mm. For long sections where there is a risk of water hammer when the spool ruptures, damper valves are installed.

The valves are fastened by welding, clamped between two flanges with gaskets, or a threaded coupling is used.

Reasons for installing air valves

The sewer system is dynamic. Costs are constantly changing, gases appear from the decomposition of sewage. Drainage through sanitary fixtures changes hydraulic mode in pipes. Without regulatory tools, life with poorly functioning sewage systems becomes uncomfortable. Sewer aerator 110:

automatically regulates pressure;
non-volatile;
protects the fan pipe from freezing in winter;
simple installation;
low cost.

The device equalizes the pressure between the main line and the atmosphere on the roof where it is installed. However, such a device can work effectively at a height not higher than the second floor. If a large flow is drained simultaneously from two points on one riser, the valve may not cope.

Sewer aerator 50 is installed on the internal sewerage from drainage devices. Typically, such a device is equipped at the transition points from the 32 cm line connecting to the 50 cm manifold. An air valve is installed on the horizontal section, cutting off the bad smell from the common pipe, equalizing the pressure in the system.

Correct installation of aerators

The air valve on the riser is installed in the attic, since it will not work if frozen. But the smell should not be felt in the room. If the house has several auxiliary risers and the main one is on the roof, then a sewer aerator 110 can be installed on the others. This will significantly reduce costs. The device can also be used when a riser is not provided or it cannot be brought to the roof, ensuring that the SNiP requirements for the distance to structural elements are met. When choosing a device, it is necessary to take into account that sometimes manual adjustment may be required. The aerator is installed above the top drain point in the system, and it must be accessible for inspection and repair.

The aerator only works if assembled correctly! The pipe and socket cannot be swapped,

Sewer aerator 50 can serve no more than two plumbing fixtures. Install the device no closer than a meter from the drain point. The aerator in the internal sewer must be at the end of the network distribution, after the outermost device. The minimum distance from the floor during installation should be 35 cm. The device is mounted vertically.

A properly installed aerator will last a long time, but periodic checking of the condition of the valve is mandatory.