Do-it-yourself heating schemes in a private house. House heating. Options for home heating schemes. Features of a forced circulation system

Organizing heating in a house is a difficult and expensive task. With the right skills, costs can be significantly reduced by creating a heating circuit yourself. Of course, in the case of gas, you will have to spend money on the bureaucratic part and specialists, but if you have chosen a different type of fuel, you can do the entire cycle from design to launch yourself.

At first glance, the choice of heating scheme for a private house depends on its characteristics; the larger the house, the more complex the system will be. However, there are a number of misconceptions about the profitability of certain schemes.

Single pipe system

And the most common of those myths is about the single-pipe heating scheme. The coolant is directed to the radiators and back through one pipe, and many people believe that this is an ideal option for a small house, as it is cheaper to maintain than other variations. But that's not true.

Due to the fact that all the batteries are connected to one pipe, the efficiency drops noticeably, and the radiator at the end of the chain differs significantly in temperature from those at the beginning. This leads to a forced increase in boiler power and, as a consequence, to an increase in fuel consumption.

However, this scheme remains popular due to the low cost of the installation itself. A small number of structural elements allows you to save on materials, and in small rooms, temperature losses at the extreme points of the circuit are not so important; they are leveled out by natural air circulation.

Therefore, for small houses and garages this option is most preferable. For those who make a heating system with their own hands, this scheme will be attractive due to its simple installation.

Two-pipe system

In a two-pipe heating scheme, the coolant is supplied and removed from the battery through different pipes. This is more expensive in terms of materials, but this small drawback is more than compensated by the uniform distribution of heat throughout the rooms and the wide possibilities for temperature regulation in individual rooms through thermostats and control devices.

In private homes, this scheme is most often used with lower wiring. For the most part, this is due to aesthetic reasons - the pipes can be partially hidden from view, and if you prudently install them from the floor during the construction of the house, the heating will be practically invisible.

This circumstance makes us close our eyes to the need for a circulation pump to maintain pressure and manual release of air from the pipes. In addition, batteries with bottom connections are much easier to install and maintain.

Ideal for heating a two-story house would be a scheme with overhead wiring. It differs from the previous one in that the coolant is distributed through the pipes from the very top of the circuit - from expansion tank installed on the top floor or attic.

This not only eliminates the need to additionally bleed air (it is removed through the tank), but also ensures more uniform heating of the home.

The disadvantages include something for which many people sacrifice efficiency in favor of aesthetics - in order to hide the pipes, you will have to sacrifice a useful amount of space, and in some cases this cannot be done at all. If the number of floors is high, a circulation pump may also be required.

There is also the most modern and at the same time the most expensive type of two-pipe circuit - beam (collector). With this approach, each radiator is independent of the others, which provides ample scope for local temperature control.

This method makes possible connection warm floors. However, the need to supply pipes to each battery through supply and exhaust manifolds significantly increases the cost of such systems, which is their main disadvantage. Otherwise, many experts call such schemes the best.

Which scheme to choose

The first thing you need to decide is what is more important to you - efficiency, cheapness, or beauty in the interior of your home.

The single-pipe option will cope well with heating a small and medium-sized house, but if the number of heating elements is 5-6 or more, the last radiators will simply be cold.

But no special skills are required - anyone can do it, armed with photo reports of the installation of heating circuits, and it will not cost much.

If the size of the premises forces a significantly larger number of heating devices in the chain, then your option is a two-pipe circuit; you just need to focus on the wiring method. Not only cosmetic effects depend on it, but also the type of contour - closed or open.

The latter implies the presence of an expansion tank and is used when the coolant flows by gravity, imposing restrictions on the height of heated houses.

With a closed circuit, a special pump is required that will provide circulation, and at the same time increase operating costs; this also needs to be taken into account.

For those whose finances do not sing romances, and whose comfort is above all, the best solution there will be radial wiring.

Installation costs are significant, most likely you cannot do without the services of specialists, but the result will exceed all expectations - your home will receive a universal heating system with wide customization and modification options.

So, by connecting heated floors and additional radiators to the system, you can use all elements of the circuit, even each separately, by connecting control devices, maintain different set temperatures in individual rooms, and much more, which will ensure highest level comfort.

Photos of heating circuits

One of the stages of building a private house is the design and creation of a heating system. This is a difficult stage, since you need to not only design the heating, but also save on materials. An important factor is that the heating created must be efficient and economical. We create heating for a private house with our own hands - you can find wiring diagrams (the most basic) in our review.

There are many schemes for laying heating pipes in private households. Some of them are combined, which allows you to increase the efficiency of the system and achieve more uniform heating throughout the house. In our review we will consider only the most basic schemes:

• single-pipe horizontal circuit;
• single-pipe vertical design;
• "Leningradka" scheme;
• two-pipe system with bottom wiring;
• two-pipe system with top wiring;
• beam system with collectors;
• schemes with forced and natural circulation.

Let's look at the features of the presented schemes, and also discuss their advantages, disadvantages and installation features.

Single pipe systems

In single-pipe heating systems, the coolant passes sequentially through all radiators.

When creating heating for a private house with your own hands, the easiest way is to equip a single-pipe heating system. It has many advantages, such as cost-effective use of materials. Here we can save a lot on pipes and achieve heat delivery to every room. A single-pipe heating system provides for sequential delivery of coolant to each battery. That is the coolant leaves the boiler, enters one battery, then another, then a third, and so on.

What happens in the last battery? Having reached the end of the heating system, the coolant turns around and is sent back to the boiler through a single pipe. What are the main advantages of such a scheme?

• Easy to install - you need to sequentially pass the coolant through the batteries and return it back.
• Minimum consumption of materials is the simplest and cheapest scheme.
• Low location of heating pipes - they can be mounted at floor level or completely lowered under the floors (this can be increased hydraulic resistance and require the use of a circulation pump).

There are also some disadvantages that you have to put up with:

• limited length of the horizontal section - no more than 30 meters;
• The farther from the boiler, the colder the radiators.

However, there are some technical tricks that can mitigate these shortcomings. For example, the length of horizontal sections can be dealt with by installing a circulation pump. It will also help make the last radiators warmer. Bypass jumpers on each radiator will also help compensate for the temperature drop. Let's now discuss certain types of single-pipe systems.

Single-pipe horizontal

The simplest single-pipe option horizontal system heating with bottom connection.

When creating a heating system for a private house with your own hands, a single-pipe wiring diagram may turn out to be the most profitable and cheapest. It is equally suitable for both one-story and two-story houses. In the case of a one-story house, it looks very simple - radiators are connected in series - to ensure consistent flow of coolant. After the last radiator, the coolant is sent through a solid return pipe to the boiler.

Advantages and disadvantages of the scheme

First, we will look at the main advantages of the scheme:

• ease of implementation;
• excellent option for small houses;
• saving of materials.

A single-pipe horizontal heating circuit is an excellent option for small spaces with a minimum number of rooms.

The scheme is really very simple and understandable, so even a beginner can handle its implementation. It provides for a serial connection of all installed radiators. This ideal heating layout for a small private house. For example, if this is a one-room or two-room house, then “fencing” a more complex two-pipe system does not make much sense.

Looking at the photo of such a circuit, we can note that the return pipe here is solid, it does not pass through the radiators. Therefore, this scheme is more economical in terms of material consumption. If you don't have extra money, such a wiring will be the most optimal for you - it will save money and allow you to provide the house with heat.

As for the shortcomings, there are few of them. The main disadvantage is that the last radiator in the house will be colder than the very first one. This is due to the sequential passage of the coolant through the batteries, where it releases the accumulated heat into the atmosphere. Another disadvantage of a single-pipe horizontal circuit is that if one battery fails, the entire system will have to be turned off at once.

Despite certain disadvantages, this heating scheme continues to be used in many small private houses.

Features of installation of a single-pipe horizontal system

When creating water heating for a private house with your own hands, the scheme with single-pipe horizontal wiring will be the easiest to implement. During the installation process, it is necessary to mount the heating radiators, and then connect them with pipe sections. After connecting the very last radiator, it is necessary to turn the system in the opposite direction - it is advisable that the outlet pipe runs along the opposite wall.

The larger your home, the more windows it has and the more radiators it has. Accordingly, heat losses also increase, as a result of which the last rooms become noticeably cooler. You can compensate for the temperature drop by increasing the number of sections on the latest radiators. But it is best to install the system with bypasses or forced circulation coolant – we’ll talk about this a little later.

A similar heating circuit can be used for heating two-story houses. To do this, two chains of radiators are created (on the first and second floors), which are connected in parallel to each other. There is only one return pipe in this battery connection diagram; it starts from the last radiator on the first floor. The return pipe coming down from the second floor is also connected there.

Single-pipe vertical

How else can you heat two-story households with a single-pipe system? There really is an alternative - this is a single-pipe vertical heating system, which is used by many people who are looking for a suitable steam heating scheme in a private home. There are no difficulties in such a scheme; you just need to bring the supply pipe with the coolant to the second floor and connect the batteries located there, and then make branches down to the first floor.

Advantages and disadvantages of a single-pipe vertical scheme

As usual, let's start with the positive features:

In single-pipe vertical heating systems, the coolant flows from the radiator on the top floor to the lower floors.

• greater savings on materials;
• relatively equal air temperature on the first and second floors;
• ease of implementation.

The list of disadvantages is the same as the previous scheme. It included heat losses on the last radiators. And since our coolant is supplied through the upper floor, then the first floor may be cooler than the second.

The savings on materials are more than substantial. We only have one pipe going upstairs, from which the coolant is distributed to all the radiators on the second floor (not sequentially). From each upper radiator, pipes go down to the radiators on the ground floor, after which they end up in one common return pipe. Thus, this scheme involves minimal use of materials.

Features of installation of a single-pipe vertical system

When installing a vertical single-pipe system, you will receive as many chains as there are radiators on each floor.

In the previous diagram gas heating in a private house, the pipes sequentially bypassed the radiators on the first and second floors. That is, we have two parallel chains were obtained, each of which included several radiators. In the current scheme we also have chains, but they are vertical. For example, if there are four radiators on each floor, then we get four chains connected in parallel.

This scheme assumes one solid supply pipe passing along the top floor. Branches are made from it to each radiator. After passing through the upper radiators, the coolant flows to the lower radiators, and only after that into the return pipe passing along the first floor.

If in the first case the greatest heat losses were observed in the distant radiators of the first and second floors, then in this scheme it will be cooler on the first floor, since part of the heat will be consumed on the second floor.

A single-pipe vertical heating scheme for a private house with a gas boiler can be implemented without forced circulation of the coolant. The thing is that the temperature of the coolant supplied to the radiators on the second floor is the same. A drop in temperature is observed only on the first floor. But if we supplement the radiators with bypass jumpers, then the temperature change will be minimal - it can be neglected.

Thus, this circuit, supplemented by bypass jumpers, will become the most economical and inexpensive among any other circuits. Instead of a gas boiler, any other boiler can be used. Scheme electric heating a private home is no different from gas heating (except perhaps in the type of boiler).

Scheme "Leningradka"

The Leningradka heating system is an improved single-pipe system.

Both considered schemes have one common drawback - a drop in temperature in the last radiators. In the case of a horizontal circuit, we have cold radiators in horizontal chains, and in the case of a vertical circuit, in vertical chains. That is, in the latter case it is the entire first floor.

The Leningradka heating circuit in a private house allows you to compensate for the cooling of the coolant when passing through the next radiator. How is it implemented? This circuit provides bypass jumpers located under the batteries. What do they give? The jumpers allow you to direct part of the coolant bypassing the radiators, so the coolant at the outlet is as warm as at the inlet (minor deviations can be neglected).

Advantages and disadvantages of the Leningradka scheme

Leningradka promotes more uniform heating of rooms.

Each scheme has its own advantages and disadvantages. What are the advantages of the Leningradka scheme?

• More even heat distribution throughout the house.
• Relatively simple upgrade.
• Possibility of adjusting the temperature in individual rooms (as in two-pipe systems).

Single-pipe heating is not perfect, so the Leningradka scheme allows you to compensate for some of its shortcomings. But she has negative features:

• limited line length – if there are many radiators in a horizontal chain, then there will still be losses;
• the need to use large diameter pipes for more uniform heat distribution.

The last drawback can be eliminated by installing a circulation pump in the system.

Features of installation of "Leningradka"

Connection options for Leningradka in a single-pipe vertical circuit.

When creating heating systems for private houses with their own hands, many people actively use the Leningradka scheme. How is it laid? To create a circuit, it is necessary to place radiators and lay a pipe under them, from which branches are made to the inlets and outlets of the radiators. That is, a jumper is formed under each radiator. In addition, we can install three taps on each radiator - the first two taps are installed at the inputs and outputs, and the third is installed on the jumper itself. What does this give?

• Taps can be used to regulate the temperature in individual rooms.
• Ability to exclude any radiator without shutting down the entire system(for example, if one radiator is leaking and needs to be replaced).

Thus, the “Leningradka” scheme is the optimal scheme for small one-story and two-story houses - you can save on materials and achieve uniform heat distribution throughout the rooms.

Two-pipe system with bottom wiring

Next, we will consider two-pipe systems, characterized by the fact that they ensure uniform heat distribution even throughout the largest households with many rooms. It is the two-pipe system that is used for heating multi-storey buildings, in which there are a lot of apartments and non-residential premises - here this scheme works great. We will consider schemes for private houses.

A two-pipe heating system consists of supply and return pipes. Radiators are installed between them - the radiator inlet is connected to the supply pipe, and the outlet is connected to the return pipe. What does this give?

• Uniform heat distribution throughout the rooms.
• Possibility of adjusting the temperature in the rooms by completely or partially closing individual radiators.
• Possibility of heating multi-storey private houses.

There are two main types of two-pipe systems - with bottom and top wiring. First, we will look at a two-pipe system with bottom wiring.

Bottom wiring is used in many private homes, as it makes heating less visible. Serving and return pipes pass here next to each other, under radiators or even in the floors. Air is removed through special Mayevsky taps. Heating schemes in a private house made of polypropylene most often provide for just such wiring.

Advantages and disadvantages of a two-pipe system with bottom wiring

When installing heating with bottom wiring, we can hide the pipes in the floor.

Let's see what positive features have two-pipe systems with bottom wiring.

• Possibility of masking pipes.
• The ability to use radiators with bottom connections makes installation somewhat easier.
• Heat losses are minimized.

The opportunity to at least partially make heating less visible attracts many people. In the case of bottom wiring we get two parallel pipes running flush with the floor. If desired, they can be placed under the floors, having provided for this possibility at the stage of designing the heating system and developing a project for the construction of a private house.

As for the disadvantages, they are the need for regular manual removal of air and the need to use a circulation pump.

Features of installing a two-pipe system with bottom wiring

Plastic fasteners for heating pipes of different diameters.

In order to install a heating system according to this scheme, it is necessary to lay supply and return pipes throughout the house. For these purposes, there is a special plastic fastener on sale. If radiators with a side connection are used, we make a branch from the supply pipe to the upper side hole, and take the coolant through the lower side hole, directing it to the return pipe. We install air vents next to each radiator. The boiler in this scheme is installed at the lowest point.

This circuit is most often made closed, using a sealed expansion tank. The pressure in the system is created using a circulation pump. If you need to heat a two-story a private house, we lay pipes on the upper and lower floors, after which we create a parallel connection of both floors to the heating boiler.

In a two-pipe heating system with overhead wiring, the expansion tank is placed at the highest point.

This two-pipe scheme is very similar to the previous one, only here it is provided for the installation of an expansion tank at the very top of the system, for example, in an insulated attic or under the ceiling. From there, the coolant goes down to the radiators, gives them part of its heat, and then is sent through the return pipe to the heating boiler.

Why is such a scheme needed? It is optimal in multi-storey buildings with a large number of radiators. Thanks to this, more uniform heating is achieved, and there is no need to install a large number of air vents - the air will be removed through the expansion tank or through a separate bleeder that is part of the safety group.

Advantages and disadvantages of a two-pipe system with top wiring

There are a lot of positive features:

• it is possible to heat multi-storey buildings;
• saving on air vents;
• you can create a system with natural coolant circulation.

There are also some disadvantages:

Using vertical wiring will lead to additional difficulties when installing hidden heating.

• pipes are visible everywhere - this scheme is not suitable for interiors with expensive finishes, where elements of heating systems are usually hidden;
• in tall buildings it is necessary to resort to forced circulation of the coolant.

Despite the disadvantages, the scheme remains quite popular and widespread.

Features of installation of two-pipe systems with top wiring

This scheme eliminates the need to locate the heating boiler at the lowest point. Immediately after the boiler, the supply pipe is diverted upward, and an expansion tank is installed at the highest point. Coolant is supplied to the radiators from above, so a lateral or diagonal radiator connection scheme is used here. After this, the cooled coolant is sent to the return pipe.

Radiant heating system using a collector.

This is one of the most modern schemes implying the laying of an individual line to each heating device. To do this, collectors are installed in the system - one collector is the supply, and the other is the return. Separate straight pipes diverge from the collectors to the batteries. This scheme allows for flexible adjustment of heating system parameters. It also makes it possible to connect heated floors to the system.

The radial wiring diagram is actively used in modern homes. The supply and return pipes here can be laid in any way - most often they go in the floors, after which they are suitable for one or another heating device. To regulate the temperature and turn on/off heating appliances, small distribution cabinets are installed in the house.

According to heating engineers, this scheme is ideal, since each heating device operates from its own mains and is almost independent of other heating devices.

Advantages and disadvantages of beam systems

There are many positive qualities:

• the ability to completely hide all pipes in the walls and floors;
• convenient system setup;
• possibility of creating remote separate adjustment;
• minimal amount connections - they are grouped in distribution cabinets;
• it is convenient to repair individual elements without interrupting the operation of the entire system;
• almost perfect heat distribution.

When installing a radiant heating system, all pipes are hidden in the floor, and the collectors are hidden in a special cabinet.

There are also a couple of disadvantages:

• high cost of the system - this includes the costs of equipment and installation costs;
• difficulty in implementing the scheme in an already built house - usually this scheme is laid down at the stage of creating a home ownership project.

If you still have to put up with the first drawback, then there is no escape from the second.

Features of installation of radiant heating systems

At the project creation stage, niches are provided for laying heating pipes, and installation points for distribution cabinets are indicated. At a certain stage of construction, pipes are laid, cabinets with collectors are installed, heating devices and boilers are installed, a test run of the system is carried out and it is checked for leaks. It is best to entrust all this work to professionals, since this scheme is the most complex.

Despite its complexity, a radiant heating system with collectors is one of the most convenient and efficient. It is used not only in private homes, but also in other buildings, for example, in offices.

With forced and natural circulation

All the schemes presented above can be created on the basis of heating boilers of any type. For example, circuit stove heating a private house is built on the basis of a wood or coal stove, and pipe routing can be carried out according to almost any of the above schemes. True, it would not hurt to add forced circulation to many of them. What is it for?

The main difference between a system with forced circulation of coolant and a system with natural circulation is the circulation pump.

As we remember, single-pipe heating systems are characterized by a decrease in coolant temperature as it moves away from the boiler - part of the heat remains in the radiators. These losses are partially compensated by the Leningradka scheme, but in some cases this is not enough. In order to correct the situation, a circulation pump is installed in the heating system, providing forced circulation of the coolant.

Forced circulation is also necessary in many other schemes, including two-pipe ones. The thing is that the small diameter of modern polypropylene pipes, numerous connections and turns create hydraulic resistance. In addition, the use of forced ventilation allows for faster heating of households.

Advantages and disadvantages of forced and natural circulation

Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages:

When heating a room with a large number of radiators, a circulation pump is simply necessary.

• natural circulation is easier and cheaper– no costs for circulation pumps;
• forced circulation makes it possible to improve heating performance in large buildings - in some cases you can get by with natural circulation, but then the system warm-up time increases;

Long gone are the days when only a stove could heat a private house. The lack of hot water in sufficient quantities and the need to light the stove and keep it burning did little to facilitate life outside the city. That is why many sought to move to comfortable multi-storey buildings, where heating and hot water supply were centralized.

Today, a lot has changed - the abundance and range of modern heating equipment allows you to do heating in the house yourself, even without the involvement of specialists. Now, on the contrary, the priority is to live in country houses, since hot water is available all year round, and heating can be turned on at any time, without waiting for a decision from utility services.

In total, there are 3 main energy sources - gas, solid fuel and electricity. We will talk about each of them, as well as how to properly wire the boiler and ensure heat supply to different components, in this article.

You will not be able to purchase the entire heating system in any store. You can select individual elements and assemble them into a system, you can purchase materials and make the boiler and piping entirely yourself. Regardless of which path you decide to go, you must first decide on the following parameters:

• what type of fuel is planned to be used;
• which fuel is more economically feasible.

What home heating systems are there?

The most famous means of heating since time immemorial has been the Russian stove. Among the main disadvantages of such structures today are their large size, which is not always convenient, and uneven heating of the air in the room. It’s very hot near the stove, warm two meters away, cold in the next room. Modern fireplaces, although they have changed over time, generally act as an analogue of a stove and therefore can be used exclusively as an auxiliary heat source.

The most popular and effective is a water heating system, where heated coolant circulates through pipes and thereby heats the premises.

Air heating, based on the operation of air heat collectors, is considered no less effective, but practically unknown.

Electric heating can be called a relatively new type, which works by converting electricity into thermal energy without using any coolant.

Types of boilers

The main task when organizing heating with your own hands is to create an effective system, mostly automatic, with minimal human participation in its operation. Based on the availability of the type of fuel and the appropriateness of its choice, you should purchase a specific type of boiler.

The main classification of boilers depends on the type of fuel:

• gas;
• electric;
• solid fuel;
• combined.

Modern industrial boilers are economical, relatively silent and easy to operate. The main disadvantage of such equipment is its energy dependence, since at the heart of each there is a fan that forces air into the chamber or ensures the movement of the coolant.

The exception applies only to those boilers where it is used. This pump belongs to the category of emergency equipment and runs on a battery. In the absence of electricity, the pump ensures the movement of coolant through the pipes, preventing them from freezing and subsequent rupture.

Heating scheme for a private house

Gas

No matter how often the price of gas is indexed in our country, it still remains the cheapest type of fuel.

Modern gas boilers are silent, easy to operate, and differ in the number of circuits:

• single-circuit - designed only for heating the house

• double-circuit - for heating and hot water supply.

Electric

The safest type of equipment. Capable of heating a room of any size (power 4-300 kW). The only disadvantage of such equipment is the cost of fuel. Electricity is traditionally the most expensive type of heating compared to gas and solid fuel.

Key benefits include the following:

• large power range of boilers capable of heating up to 350 sq.m. premises on different levels and consisting of several rooms;
• there is no need to organize a chimney and exhaust ventilation- heating occurs by converting electricity into heat, so no combustion products are released;
• environmentally friendly equipment that does not emit any pollutants into the atmosphere;
• compact size and the ability to install in any room without restrictions on square footage and distance;
• there is no need to obtain permits to put equipment into operation.

Even a small house can be heated with electricity only if 3 phases are supplied and the network voltage is absolutely stable.

Boilers also differ in the number of circuits:

• single-circuit - for heating only;
• double-circuit - for heating and water heating.

Solid fuel

This is an improved "hello" from the past, modernized to such an extent that it can be left for a week and the temperature in the house will be comfortable. All boilers operating on solid fuel are based on the Kolpakov principle, when the boiler is first heated, and then the temperature is maintained at a certain level to ensure stability of coolant heating.

Such boilers are characterized by a fairly high efficiency, but at the same time they require regular (at least 1-2 times a week) cleaning of combustion products, installation of a chimney, organization of exhaust ventilation and the presence of a separate room.

Advantages of solid fuel equipment:

• a wide range of fuels (firewood, coal, pellets, braces, waste from the woodworking and agricultural industries, etc.);
• high efficiency, in some cases reaching 92%;
• possibility of process automation for long-term combustion units.

To ensure that the heating season does not cause difficulties, it is necessary to prepare in advance a certain amount of fuel sufficient to heat a private home for 2-3 months.

Combined

This type of equipment allows you to rationalize heating costs and ensure constant operation of the boiler, depending on the availability of a particular fuel.

The fundamental difference lies in the combination of solid fuel with other sources - electricity, liquid fuel or gas. Depending on the pair, electric, solid fuel and universal combo boilers are distinguished. The choice depends on what fuel is available in the region.

The transition between alternative sources is carried out by changing burners, which is quite difficult and does not always work out the first time.

Burners are always purchased separately!

When choosing a boiler for a private home, you should understand that this is only a small part of the entire heating system. certainly very important, on which its functioning and maintaining heat in the house will depend, but also a lot depends on the boiler piping, on the organization of the heating and hot water supply system.

Types of heating systems

Depending on what coolant circulates in the system, the following types of heating are practiced:

• water, where ordinary water acts as the coolant (in some cases, antifreeze can be added);
• air - coolant - air heated to a certain temperature;
• steam - pipes heat steam;
• electrical - electrical appliances (heating elements, infrared emitters, etc.) are placed around the perimeter;
• combined - organizing heating in such a way that the source is not only the coolant, but also other options;
• "warm floor" system.

Each of the listed methods has certain characteristics, advantages and disadvantages in relation to each other.

This is the simplest type of heating for a private home, which is easy to do with your own hands. There are no special requirements for operating the system; the main task is to correctly calculate the number of batteries and select the appropriate boiler power.

How to calculate power

There is a universal formula for calculating power:

1 kW of power = 10 m 2 heated area

However, it only works in ideal, one might say, laboratory conditions, which are very far from reality. When determining the parameter, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of a particular house - the year of construction, what building materials are used, the presence of thermal insulation, the type of windows and doors, etc.

So, for example, if a house was built more than 30 years ago, but is insulated, doors and windows are replaced with modern sealed structures, the power should be increased by 1.5 times, that is, by 10 sq.m. take 1.5 kW of area. If the building was built recently, but is not properly insulated, the doors and windows are wooden and draughty, the power should be increased by 2 times.

Power calculation factors

• 2 or more windows on the north side - 1.3;
• 2 or more windows on the south, east and southeast sides - 1.1;
• 2 or more windows on the west side - 1.2.

When organizing water heating, purified water acts as a coolant, which does not need to be drained at the end of the heating season. This is a closed system where water circulates under the influence of a pump or by gravity.

Forced coolant circulation

In order to ensure the movement of heated water through the pipes, centrifugal force is needed. As a rule, a circulation pump is used for these purposes, but an ordinary centrifugal pump, only of low power, is quite suitable.

The main task of the pump is to supply cooled water to the boiler to heat it and distribute the already heated coolant throughout the system. Since we are talking about a vicious circle, a constant volume of water circulates through the pipes.

Installation of a circulation pump in the heating system of a private house

The use of pumping equipment, although it makes the system energy-dependent, completely eliminates the need for human participation in the operation of the boiler. The temperature sensor monitors the heating limit, the pump moves water progressively from the boiler to the pipes and back. If we are talking about an electric or gas boiler, all participation comes down to only one thing - set a comfortable temperature and forget about the boiler for the whole season.

In order to ensure the operation of the boiler in the absence of electricity, you can purchase a 12-volt circulation pump powered by a battery.

Coolant circulation by gravity

Today, such a system is extremely rare and only in one-story houses. Here, the coolant moves through the system by gravity, when water of different temperatures moves under the influence of differences in specific gravity.

A prerequisite for proper water circulation in a gravity system is the installation of pipes at a slight angle - up to 150.

DIY installation of a water heating system

In order to make the house comfortable and warm, you should correctly calculate the number of radiators through which the coolant will circulate. Please note that all boilers must be equipped with an exhaust ventilation system and a chimney. The only exception applies to an electric boiler.

How to calculate the required number of radiators

The most correct way is to calculate the area of ​​the heated room (in each room separately). According to SNiP, each square meter requires 100 W of heat. Find out the area of ​​the room and multiply by the required amount of heat. So, for example, for a room of 20 sq.m. you will need 2000 W of heat (20 x 100), which corresponds to 2 kW.

Now we determine the number of radiators by the number of sections or units. Each manufacturer indicates the heat transfer of one section of a radiator or monolithic product. Divide the resulting heat volume by the heat transfer coefficient and get the number of sections that you convert into radiators, or immediately the number of radiators.

1. Single-pipe, where only hot water leaves the boiler

In this case, the coolant moves from the first to the last radiator, gradually losing heat. When choosing such a system, you should keep in mind that in the farthest room the battery will be almost cold.

It is difficult to adjust the temperature of radiators with such a system, since by shutting off one radiator, you stop the flow of coolant to all subsequent ones.

1. Two-pipe - supply of hot water from the boiler and return of water to the boiler (return).

This is the most optimal system for heating a private house, where 2 pipes are connected in parallel to each device - primary and return. In this case, the temperature of all radiators in all rooms will be approximately the same. You can increase or decrease the temperature in each room as needed.

This method of wiring is also called radial, when a pipe with direct supply is supplied from the boiler to each device and discharged with a cold one.

The collector in such a heating system performs the task of storing coolant.

This is a universal system that is suitable for organizing heating in any room, while it is possible to do hidden wiring to each device separately.

Depending on the chosen wiring system, the number of pipes and the total cost are determined. Single-pipe wiring is the cheapest option.

After the number of radiators has been calculated and the system has been selected, the pipes should be installed.

Previously used for this purpose metal pipes. Today, such a solution is not profitable due to cost and susceptibility to corrosion, so you should choose polypropylene.

Polypropylene pipes in the heating system

Pipes are laid in all rooms that will be heated, moving from one room to another. The pipes are connected to each other with a special soldering iron for plastic pipes.

You can assemble a water heating system for a private house with your own hands, but this will require precise calculations and a boiler piping diagram. The main drawback of such a system is the need for regular prevention. And please note that if you use antifreeze, it must be changed every 5 years.

Enough popular way heating of residential and office premises, based on the principle of gravity and forced ventilation. The gravitational system involves the movement of air at a temperature difference due to its natural circulation. Different temperatures mean different air densities, which causes the movement of warm and cold layers.

When heating with air, a heater is installed in the room or mounted ventilation ducts, through which warm air enters. Each such heat source can be installed anywhere in the room - on the wall, ceiling or floor. This has no effect on the principle of convection.

There are 2 main types air heating:

• local (localized);
• central.

Localized

This method is suitable for heating only one room in the room. The heat source can be:

• air heaters;
• heat guns;
• thermal curtains.

The optimal heat supply is a heater that distributes heat several meters around. The power of such equipment is 1-1.2 kW per hour.

A heat gun is a more powerful equipment, which also instantly dries the air in the room. Used only for heating warehouse and industrial premises where people stay for a short time. Power 2-2.5 kW per hour.

A thermal curtain is an analogue of an air conditioner that supplies hot air to a point. Most often, a curtain is placed at the entrance to simultaneously prevent cold air from entering the room. Power 1.5-2 kW per hour.

Central heating

This is an example of a centralized hot air supply, which operates on the principle:

• direct-flow or partial recirculation;
• complete circulation of hot air.

Most often, such a system is chosen in rooms with suspended or stretch ceilings, where ventilation ducts can be made above them. Through such ventilation holes, hot air enters the room and circulates in it.

It is not advisable to install ventilation ducts in the walls, since part of it will be needed to mask the ventilation shafts.

The cost of air heating is more expensive both in terms of installation and the cost of equipment. The source of coolant supply is a gas or electric boiler.

Advantages:

• filtering the air entering the room;
• fresh air due to the fact that the intake is carried out from the street;
• possibility of organizing drip irrigation and air ionization.

Flaws:

• such a system can only be created in a house under construction (with the exception of a water gun and a heat curtain);
• expensive installation.

Electric heating

The most affordable way to heat any room, since electricity is everywhere.

The operating principle is based on the operation of an electric convector that converts electrical energy into heat. Modern models are equipped with a large number of functions that completely eliminate the need for human participation in monitoring work.

It could be:

• temperature controller depending on the time of day;
• regulator for increasing the temperature at night and decreasing it during the day (day-night mode);
• maintaining system pressure and minimum temperature in the event of absence of people for a long time;
• compliance with the regime even during a short-term power outage, etc.

Advantages:

• very simple and easy installation that anyone can do;
• extremely simple operation;
• mobility of the system, when convectors can be moved from room to room if necessary.

Flaws:

• the high cost of energy is the most expensive of all existing heating methods.

When choosing an electric heating method, there must be 3 phases and a stable voltage in the network.

Steam heating

In this case, the operating principle is completely identical to the water one, with the only difference that instead of water, steam circulates in the pipe system. Installation of pipes, selection of boiler power and organization of piping are completely identical to the water heating system.

For steam heating, special boilers are used that generate hot steam. It is mandatory to have a “Through the Gauntlet” filter system, which purifies water from all kinds of impurities before it is converted into a vapor state.

There is only one advantage of a steam heating system - savings, since heating occurs almost instantly. The efficiency is 95%.

There are incomparably more disadvantages:

• peculiarity of the equipment - it is extremely difficult to find a steam boiler on the open market;
• high installation cost, which includes the installation of special pipes and the presence of a filter system;
• dangerous operation because the steam temperature exceeds 100 degrees.

Warm floor

The huge advantage of this heating system is the large heat-transferring surface area. This is an ideal option for common areas - kitchen, bathroom, hallway, as well as in the living room or children's room.

It is optimal to lay a heated floor under ceramic tiles- in this case she acts as an excellent guide. Laminate and parquet are much less often used for heated floors, since when the temperature rises, warping of the material and its subsequent dismantling are possible.

A prerequisite for installing a heated floor is a foil layer. It is neither an insulator nor a reflector, as is commonly believed. Foil is used to distribute heat evenly across the floor surface. If you do not use such a layer, the tactile sensations of the floor will resemble a zebra - the stripe is warm, the stripe is cold.

Warm floors can be water-based, where hot water circulates through pipes, or electric - a system of wires where electrical energy is converted into heat.

Water heated floor

A branch of a water heating system in the form of small-diameter pipes laid on a flat floor surface. A prerequisite is the use of a substrate that will prevent heat loss from contact with the floor.

The difficulty of installing a water heated floor lies in the need to lay pipes and connect them correctly to the existing heating system.

Electric heated floor

A type of heating that is elementary in installation and operation. The only difficulty that may arise is preliminary preparation of the surface for laying wires or mats using a concrete screed, and laying the floor covering on top of the heated floor

Even simpler is to use electric mats on the existing surface. Such mats are absolutely safe to use and are easy to set up. To avoid mechanical damage, it is recommended to use an overhead electric floor under a carpet or rug.

In most cases, a heated floor is an auxiliary element of the heating system in the house.

How to choose heating for your home

The most correct thing when choosing a heating system and, accordingly, a boiler is to focus on the available type of fuel. If there is no gas pipeline in some area yet, but its installation is already underway, it is advisable to use combined boilers - solid fuel and gas. Where gas is not available and is not planned, but electricity is expensive, you can connect an electric boiler.

Each system has both its advantages and disadvantages. Even if you heat the house yourself, be sure to consult with the designers regarding the type and method. Any of the selected heating systems is quite expensive so that errors in calculations can be made.

For example, when developing a fireplace, stove or solid fuel boiler with your own hands, there is a risk of carbon dioxide concentration in the room, which will lead to accidents.

The best option would be to purchase ready-made certified equipment, and you can do the installation and wiring yourself.

In order to accurately understand which type of heating to prefer, you should take into account the cost of each type of fuel and its consumption per unit of time.

As of March 2016, fuel prices are as follows:

• 1 liter of diesel - $0.5. The cost of 1 kWh of energy is $0.05.
• 1 m 3 natural gas for individuals - $0.05. The cost of 1 kW/h is $0.006.
• 1 liter of bottled gas - $0.3. The cost of 1 kW/h is $0.020.
• 1 kW/h of electricity for individual — 0,03 $.
• 1 kg of coal averages $0.3. The cost of 1 kW/h is $0.05.

Water heating of a private house is a popular, but quite expensive pleasure, because you need to buy pipes, radiators, a boiler, etc. Therefore, we will save on installation, and our article will help you with this.

Why water heating?

The carrier is water, and its heat capacity is 4000 times greater than that of air, and it is one of the cheapest and most accessible resources. But there is, and more than one, fly in the ointment. The installation process cannot be considered simple, and if you plan to install a gas boiler, then you need the appropriate permit, plan, etc. In addition, work can only be carried out at the construction stage. And if you need to organize floor heating, then the scheme becomes even more complicated.

This type of heating also requires constant monitoring. If you are planning to leave your home for a long period in winter, then the media should be drained. Otherwise, at sub-zero temperatures it will turn into ice and simply rupture the pipeline. Everyone knows that water contains various impurities that contribute to the corrosion of metal elements that any system contains. And salt deposits on the inside of the pipes prevent free flow and impair heat transfer. Finally, if a special bleed valve is not installed, the system may experience air jams. They also significantly reduce efficiency.

Types of structures for heating a home

Heating with water as a carrier has a very simple principle of operation, and its design consists of three main components: a heating element (boiler), a pipeline through which the liquid passes, and radiators. The latter heat up and give off heat environment. The coolant gradually cools down and, having passed a circle through the system, returns back to the boiler, and the cycle repeats again.

There are two ways to regulate the microclimate. The first is to set the boiler to the desired temperature, the second is to change the coolant flow in a specific radiator using a special tap. They are installed at the input of each battery. In addition, there is automatic regulation via a thermostat. If the house has a two-pipe system, then a bypass must be installed in front of each faucet or thermostat.

Systems are also divided into natural and forced. In the first case, heating operates independently of electricity, and the design itself is extremely simple. The liquid flows through the pipes due to the temperature difference without the help of any pump. Hot water has less density and weight, so it tends upward, and when it cools, it becomes denser and returns back to the heater. Minuses:

• a large number of pipes;
• the diameter of the pipeline must ensure natural circulation;
• It is impossible to use modern radiators with a small cross-section.

In forced systems, coolant circulation occurs due to the operation of the pump, and all excess liquid enters the expansion tank. A pressure gauge is provided to control the pressure. The advantages include low coolant consumption. You can also install pipes of any diameter, including small ones. The system is highly efficient. There is only one drawback – the pump’s dependence on electricity.

What could be the wiring?

We already know the types of water heating systems for private houses, but before considering the features of installation with your own hands, we should talk in more detail about the schemes: discuss what they are, what are the advantages and disadvantages of each option. The layout can be top or bottom, horizontal and vertical, or combined.

There are single-pipe systems in which heating devices are connected in series, and the liquid passes through each of them in turn. Naturally, it gradually cools, and in order to compensate for this temperature difference, resistors with a large number of sections should be installed at the end of the line. In two-pipe systems, devices are connected to the riser in parallel. Advantages: quick temperature adjustment and more uniform heating of the home. The collector pipe arrangement is characterized by the presence of two connected pipelines (supply and return). In this case it is possible full control all batteries.

The popular water heating scheme in private homes, which includes additional floor heating, deserves attention, and by installing such a system yourself, you get very noticeable savings. In this case, radiators can act as the main heating elements or additional ones.

If the heated floor system does not operate in the entire house, but only in some areas, then in each individual circuit it is necessary to install thermostatic valve. This device reduces the temperature of the fluid returning from the system. The thermostatic head reacts to the water temperature, and if it is too hot, the valve closes. When the location of the heated floor is far from the collector, preference should be given to special valves. They can be placed in a wall box, and thanks to their design features they are easy to connect. A deaeration valve is also installed together. This method is good if the area of ​​the heated floor does not exceed 15 square meters.

But when the house is heated mainly through heated floors, and radiators play only an additional role, then the system consists of two separate functioning units. Each subsystem must be equipped with a pump. To reduce the temperature of the coolant under the floor surface, it is necessary to use a three-way mixing valve. This device also regulates the heating power. And the heating of the radiators is monitored by thermostats installed on them.

Installation and safety requirements

In this paragraph we will look at how to carry out water heating with your own hands.

How to make water heating for a private house with your own hands - step-by-step diagram

Step 1: Project

To begin, select a suitable diagram and display it on paper. Consider the area of ​​the rooms, the position of radiators, pipelines, their sizes, etc. Such a sketch will help to correctly calculate the amount of consumables. Special programs will greatly simplify all calculations.

Step 2: Accessories

Let's briefly look at what a boiler, batteries and pipes can look like. Depending on the fuel used, types of heating units are gas, electric, and combined. The favorite among these options can rightfully be called gas devices. Water boilers come with a pump (for a forced heating scheme for a private house) or without it (natural circulation), and both types can be installed with your own hands. The dual-circuit unit has proven itself to be excellent, providing not only heat in the house, but also hot water.

Radiators are divided into steel, cast iron, bimetallic and aluminum.

They will please you with the price, but at the same time they are susceptible to corrosion, and if you plan to drain the coolant, their service life will be significantly reduced. Cast iron, on the contrary, can be said to be an eternal material. It takes a long time to heat up, but also retains heat for a long time. But a lot of weight, not too attractive appearance and high cost have significantly reduced the popularity of this material. Cast iron batteries were replaced by aluminum ones. Their appearance is very attractive, they heat up quickly and are resistant to corrosion. However, aluminum does not tolerate sudden changes in pressure. Bimetallic resistors are famous for their excellent heat dissipation, however, their anti-corrosion properties remain the same as those of aluminum.

The steel pipeline has lost its former glory due to its short service life. It has been replaced by modern polypropylene. Easy installation, the ability to create a “solid” structure, reasonable cost and reliability - all these are undeniable advantages. They also have good characteristics copper pipes, but their cost is not affordable for everyone.

Step 3: Boiler

Water heating in a private house is designed in such a way that the medium is heated by a boiler. This scheme is the most optimal in the absence of centralized supply. Therefore, when choosing a place to install the boiler, you should take into account the location of the gas pipeline entry or the presence of electrical wiring. If we are talking about a solid fuel unit, then you need to make additional installation chimney. If you prefer natural circulation of the coolant, then position the heating unit so that the return inlet is as low as possible. In this case, a basement is ideal.

Step 4: Installation of radiators

Batteries are placed under windows or near doorways. The design of the fastening depends on the material of the resistors and the number of sections. The heavier they are, the more reliable fixation they need. A gap of at least 10 cm should be left between the radiators and the window sills, and more than 6 cm to the floor. Install on each element shut-off valves, you can regulate the amount of coolant in the batteries, and air valve will help avoid unwanted traffic jams.

Step 5: Wiring

The boiler will be the starting point for the installation of the pipeline. In this case, you should adhere to the scheme chosen and sketched on paper. If the pipes are visible, then we are talking about open wiring. On the one hand, the aesthetic side suffers, but on the other, any leak will remain visible, and to replace the damaged element, you do not need to disassemble the box. The pipeline can also be hidden, walled up in the wall, sheathed with plasterboard, etc. At this stage, the batteries are connected, additional equipment(pump, filters, safety unit, expansion tank, etc.).

Living in your own home on the ground provides a number of advantages, including the possibility of installing a heating system that operates autonomously. Properly selected and installed heating wiring in a private house allows you to organize fast, uniform heating of all rooms. Controlling fuel consumption, calculated according to weather conditions, reduces heating costs.

In practice, several proven heating schemes are used, differing in the type of circulation of the coolant (most often water), as well as in the method of routing the main pipes. In most residential buildings, a single-pipe, two-pipe, radiant or “Leningrad” heating system is installed. Each heating wiring diagram for a private house has its own characteristics, which are taken into account when designing utilities.

Methods of water circulation in heating systems

The movement of liquid along a closed circuit (circuits) can occur in a natural or forced mode. Water heated by the heating boiler rushes to the radiators. This part of the heating circuit is called forward stroke (current). Once in the batteries, the coolant cools down and is sent back to the boiler for heating. This period of the closed route is called the return stroke (current). To speed up the circulation of the coolant along the circuit, special circulation pumps are used, embedded in the pipeline at the “return”. Models of heating boilers are produced, the design of which provides for the presence of such a pump.

Natural coolant circulation

The movement of water in the system occurs by gravity. This is possible due to the physical effect that appears when the density of water changes. Hot water has a lower density. The liquid flowing in the reverse direction has a high density, and therefore easily displaces the water that has already heated up in the boiler. The hot coolant rushes up the riser, and is then distributed along horizontal lines laid at a slight slope of no more than 3-5 degrees. The presence of a slope allows liquid to move through the pipes by gravity.

The heating scheme, based on the natural circulation of the coolant, is the simplest and therefore easy to implement in practice. In addition, in this case, no other communications are required. However, this option is only suitable for small private houses, since the length of the contour is limited to 30 meters. Disadvantages include the need to install larger diameter pipes, as well as low pressure in the system.

Scheme of an autonomous heating system for a house with natural circulation of water (coolant). The pipeline is laid at a slope of no more than 5 degrees

Forced coolant circulation

In autonomous heating systems (coolant) in a closed circuit there is necessarily a circulation pump, which provides an accelerated flow of heated water to the batteries, and cooled water to the heating device. The movement of water is possible due to the pressure difference that occurs between the forward and reverse flow of the coolant.

When installing this system, it is not necessary to observe the slope of the pipeline. This is an advantage, but a significant disadvantage lies in the energy dependence of such a heating system. Therefore, in case of a power outage, a private home must have a generator (mini-power plant), which will ensure the functioning of the heating system in an extreme situation.

Scheme of organizing a home heating system in which coolant circulation is ensured circulation pump, embedded in the return flow pipeline

A circuit with forced circulation of water as a coolant can be used when installing heating in a house of any size. In this case, a pump of suitable power is selected and its uninterrupted power supply is ensured.

Single-pipe wiring diagram

In a heating system of this type, the heated coolant flows sequentially through all radiators, releasing part of the thermal energy to the devices. They prefer to choose this scheme if a small budget has been allocated for installing a room heating system. After all, for installation you will need a minimum number of pipes, as well as related consumables.

It is impossible not to point out a number of disadvantages characteristic of a single-pipe heating system with overhead wiring, namely:

• the inability to separately regulate the level of heat transfer for each individual radiator;
• reducing the amount of heat emitted by the batteries into the room as they move away from the heating boiler.

The "" heating circuit is designed to solve the problem of independently adjusting the heat transfer level of each individual battery. In a single-pipe system, water flows through all installed radiators in series. Installing shut-off valves on each battery and installing a bypass (bypass pipe) allows for coolant circulation when a heating device is cut off.

Single-pipe wiring of the Leningradka heating system allows you to turn off individual radiators using shut-off valves, while the coolant continues to flow through the bypass pipe

Options for a two-pipe system

The main difference between heating a private house is the connection of each battery to both direct and reverse current mains, which doubles the pipe flow. But the home owner has the opportunity to regulate the level of heat transfer of each individual heating device. As a result, it is possible to provide different temperature microclimates in the rooms.

When installing a vertical two-pipe heating system, the lower as well as the upper heating distribution diagram from the boiler is applicable. Now in more detail about each of them.

Vertical system with bottom wiring

Set it up as follows:

• From the heating boiler, a supply main pipeline is run along the floor of the lower floor of the house or through the basement.
• Next, risers are launched upward from the main pipe, which ensure that the coolant enters the batteries.
• A return flow pipe departs from each battery, which carries the cooled coolant back to the boiler.

When designing the lower wiring of an autonomous heating system, the need to constantly remove air from the pipeline is taken into account. This requirement is met by installing an air pipe, as well as installing an expansion tank, and using Mayevsky taps on all radiators located on the top floor of the house.

Scheme of a two-pipe autonomous water heating system for a house with bottom wiring. The coolant will rise up the vertical risers from the central pipe

Vertical system with top wiring

In this scheme, the coolant from the boiler is supplied to the attic through main pipeline or right up to the ceiling of the top floor. Then the water (coolant) goes down several risers, passes through all the batteries, and returns back to the heating boiler through the main pipeline.

To periodically remove air bubbles in this system, install. This version of the heating device is much more effective than the previous method with lower pipe routing, since higher pressure is created in the risers and radiators.

Scheme of a two-pipe autonomous heating system for a house with overhead wiring. The coolant moves up the central riser and then falls down, passing through all installed radiators

Horizontal heating system - three main types

Construction of a horizontal two-pipe system autonomous heating with forced circulation is the most common option for heating a private home. In this case, one of three schemes is used:

• Dead-end circuit (A). The advantage is the low pipe consumption. The disadvantage lies in the large length of the circulation circuit of the radiator farthest from the boiler. This makes it very difficult to adjust the system.
• Scheme with associated movement of water (B). Due to the equal length of all circulation circuits, it is easier to adjust the system. During implementation, a large number of pipes will be required, which increase the cost of work and also spoil the interior of the house with their appearance.
• Scheme with collector (beam) distribution (B). Since each radiator is connected separately to the central collector, it is very easy to ensure uniform distribution of all rooms. In practice, heating installation according to this scheme is the most expensive due to the high consumption of materials. The pipes are hidden in a concrete screed, which greatly increases the attractiveness of the interior. The radial (collector) floor heating distribution scheme is becoming increasingly popular among individual developers.

This is what it looks like:

Three schemes for constructing a horizontal two-pipe autonomous heating system, which are most often used in the construction of low-rise buildings and private cottages

Which heating circuit wiring diagram is better?

It is impossible to say unequivocally about the superiority of any one wiring scheme over others - it all depends on the number of floors, the presence of basements and the roof design. One of the most common cases is a one-story house with a steep hip or gable roof. Regardless of whether there is a basement under the building, the best option It is considered that heating is arranged using a two-pipe scheme with vertical risers. In this case, the wiring can be either lower or upper. The latter is preferable to use if the boiler is installed on the ground floor, which is typical for buildings that do not have a basement.

Now consider the previous example of a house, but replace the steep roof with a flat one. The wiring is best done horizontally, placing the boiler in the basement. By the way, statistics show that for one-story buildings flat roof used relatively rarely, while almost all of them are equipped with basements.

For two-story and multi-storey buildings Both one-pipe and two-pipe heating circuits with vertical risers are allowed. In this case, you can use the upper or lower wiring. Only horizontal installation of supply branches is not allowed. In general, almost any option, regardless of the type and design of the roof.

When choosing a standard wiring diagram, it is necessary to take into account many factors, ranging from the area of ​​the house to the materials used in its construction. It is better to resolve such issues with specialists to eliminate the possibility of error. After all, we are talking about heating the house, the main condition for comfortable living in private housing.